The Effectiveness of Structural Family Therapy On Treating Children's Separation Anxiety Disorder

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1 Psychological Studies Faculty of Education and Psychology Al-Zahra University Vol.3, No.2, Summer 2007 pp /02/26 : 385/03/07 : /02/06 : The Effectiveness of Structural Family Therapy On Treating Children's Separation Anxiety Disorder Dr. R.Mousavi Shahed University Alireza Moradi, Ph.D. Tarbiyat-e Moallem University S. ES. Mahdavi Hersini, Ph.D. MIT mousavi@shahed.ac.ir moradi@tmu.ac.ir Abstract The present research aims to investigate the efficacy of "Structural Family Therapy" on treating children's separation Anxiety through altering the family structure, reducing parents, conflicts and promoting family functioning. Adopting a quasi-experimental method, the researcher performed a pretest-posttestintervention and repeated measures procedure. Forty families having at least one child with Separation Anxiety disorder were randomly assigned to four equal groups: Two experimental groups (parents of one group had low literacy level and the parents of the other group had high literacy level) and two control groups (parents with low and high literacy levels.) The two experimental groups under went same treatment for nine sessions. Additionally, they participated in a follow-up session six weeks after the last intervention session. Then a multi-modal assessment of anxiety was performed including Spence's Children's Anxiety Scale" and a diagnostic interview based on DSMIV-TR criteria (2000). The control groups were left untreated. The results of factor analysis and repeated measures of Tukey post-hoc indicated the significant effectiveness of Structural Family Therapy on ameliorating children's separation Anxiety (at p<0.00), while no significant difference was reported on the efficacy of the intervention program for literate and non-literate families. Key words: Separation Anxiety Disorder; Structural Family Therapy. :. 40. ( ) ( ). ) (.. (2000) DSMIV-TR. (2006 ). (p < 0/00). :

2 % %5 %2 %8.( ). 2 ).(8 3.( ).(200 ).(8 ) 4 (2005) )..( %3. %6 - Spence 2- Separation Anxiety Disorder 2- Strauss 3- Donna 4- Rapee

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4 (0) ( )..(2002 )......(2003 ) Over Control 2- Over Protection 3- Modeling 4- Negative Expectational Believes 5- Conflict 6- Family Environment 7- Parental Style 8- Stark - Kaslow

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7 : :. :..... E O X O2 O3 C O - O2 O3 E2 O X O2 O3 C2 O - O2 O3

8 2 3 4 :. DSM-IV ( ) DSM-IV..(2003 ) (2006) df p RMSEA CFI RMR GFI AGFI 68/4 650 <0/00 0/045 0/7 /063 0/85 0/ 83 - Spence Children Anxiety Scale (SCAS)

9 ( ) 0/8 0/62 0/65 0/75 0/72 0/6 0/67 :. DSM-IV-TR ( ) ( ) :. :. 2 :. :.. 3 ( ). - Problem Identification 2- Behavioral Manifestation 3- Barriers

10 ( 2 6 ) (SCAS). DSM IV-TR..... (n=). (n=) - Intervention 2- Evaluation

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12 (N) /5 /4 2/5 2/56 2/ /56 /58 /67 /0 4/50 2/45 2/6 4/30 2/00 2/78 /33 /5 4/60 2/58 2/60 3/70 /67 2/46 /44 5 F 850/55 858/24 85/24 6/872 76/ /564 / /33 (p<0/00) 5. (p<0/00) ( ) 6. ( ). (p=0/>0/05)

13 .... (p<0/00). (Tukey) / 0/003 0/84 0/86 0/86 0/3-4/ -3/3 0/ 0/84-0/3 0/002 0/86 0/86-5/04-3/45 0/288 0/84 0/86 0/86 4/ 5/04 /5 0/003 0/84 3/3 0/002 0/86 3/45-0/288 0/86 -/5 -

14 / ( 6 ) 22/50 25/60 46/50.

15 (N) 3/8 8/22 2/70 3/38 53/ 46/50 54/33 5/ 6/42 /4 5/3 2/ 25/60 22/50 6/67 56/56 6/4 23/70 8/2 3/68 8/40 57/67 /23 5/78 (8 ) (p <0/00). (p <0/00). ( ) 8 F 74/ / /550 / / /677 20/ /34 ( ). (p=0/67>0/05). ( )

16 (Tukey) /67 0/00 4/40 4/53 4/53 5/00-23/76 -/0-0/67 4/40 4/53 4/53-5/00-28/76-24/0 0/738 4/53 4/53 4/64 23/76 28/76 4/74 0/00 0/738 4/53 4/53 4/64 /0 24/0-4/74 (p<0/00)

17 (78) ( ).. ).( Nichols & Schwartz

18 (4)... 2.(200 ) March 2- Hackney 3- High Risk Situation 4- Relaps 5- Prevention

19 (373/74 ).. - Detouring

21 (38/)... : :...(373/74).. Aschenbrand, S.G., et al. (2003). "Is Childhood Separation Anxiety Disorder A Predictor of Adult Disorder and Agoraphobia? A Seven Year Longitudinal Study". Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry American psychiatric association.(2000). "Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders". 4th Textured Edition. Washington, D.C. Cavasagar, V.M., et al. (2000)."Parent Child Concordance for Separation Anxiety: A Clinical Study". Journal of Affective Disorders. 65: Chorpita B.F., et al.(8). "Perceived Control as a Mediator of Family Environment in Etiological Models of Childhood Anxiety". Journal of Behavior Therapy, 2: Chorpita B. F., et al. (8). "The Development of Anxiety: The Role of Control in the Family Environment". Psychological Bulletin. 24:3-2. Donna, B. P., et al. (2005). "Adapting Parent Child Interaction Therapy for Young Children with Separation Anxiety Disorder". Journal of Education and Treatment of Children Dunn, R., et al. (5), "Meta-analytic review of marital therapy out come research", Journal of family Psychology. :68-8. Egger, L.H., et al. (2003). "School Refusal and Psychiatric Disorders: A Community Study". Journal of the American Academy of child & Adolescent psychiatry Gladding, S., (4). Family Therapy, Theory and Practice". Englewood Cliffs Prentice Hall. Goldenberg, I. and Goldenberg, H.(2004).,"Family Therapy",5 th Ed. Peacock Publishers. Hackney, H.L., Sherian C., (200). "The Professional Counselor, A process Guide to Helping". West Virginia University. Copyright by Allyn and Bacom. Kaslow, F.W., Robert F., Maser S.D., (2002). "Comprehensive Handbook of Psychotherapy". New York: John Wiley and Sons. Manassis, K., et al., (4). "The development of Childhood Anxiety Disorders: Towered and Integrated Model. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology. 5: March, J.S., et al., (4). the multidimensional Anxiety scales for children (MASC): factor structure, reliability, and validity. Journal of the American Academy of child and Adolescent psychiatry. 36:

22 Moon, S.S., (2002). "Assessment of Separation Anxiety Disorder: A Review of Evidence Based Approaches, Child and Adolescent". Social Work Journal.-5. Mousavi, R., et al., "The Psychometric Characteristics of the Spence Children's Anxiety Scale (SCAS) ". 26 th applied psychology Congress. June 2006-Greece. Muris, P., et al., (2002). "Three Traditional and Three new Childhood Anxiety Questioners: Their Reliability and Validity in a Normal Adolescent Sample". Journal of Behavior Research and Therapy. 40: Muris, P., et al., (200). "The Revised Version of the Separation for Child Anxiety Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED): Treatment Sensitivity in an Early Intervention Trail for Childhood Anxiety Disorders". Journal of Clinical Psychology. 40: Nichols, M.P. and Schwartz, R.C. (2004). "Family Therapy. Concepts and methods". New York: John Wiley. Rapee, R.M., (8). "Potential Role of Childrearing Practice in the Development of Anxiety and Depression". Clinical Psychology Review. 7: Rapee, R.M., et al., (2000). "Issues in the Diagnosis and Assessment of Anxiety Disorders in Children and Adolescents". Clinical Psychology Reviews.20-4: Sadock, B.J. et al., (2003). "Synopsis of Psychiatry Behavioral Sciences and Clinical Psychiatry". th editions, New York: John Wiley and Sons,. Spence, S.H., (8). "A Measure of Anxiety Symptoms among Children", Behavioral Research. 36-5: Spence, S.H., et al., (2003). "Apparent Report Maser of Children's Anxiety: Psychometric Properties and Comparison with Child Report in a Clinic and Normal Sample. Behavior Research and Therapy. to the author (24 July 2004). Spence, S.H., et al., (2003)."Psychometric Properties of the Spence children's Anxiety Scale with young adolescents". Journal of Anxiety Disorder. 7: Spence, S.H., (7). The Structure and Assessment of Anxiety in Children. to the author (24 July 2004). Stark, K.D., et al., (0)."Perceived Family Environments of Depressed and Anxious Children: Child's and Maternal Figures perspectives". Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology. 8: Strauss, C.C., (0). Anxiety Disorder of Childhood and Adolescence. School Psychology Review. -2.

Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Reduction of Symptoms in Separation Anxiety Disorder

Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol. 2, No. 2 (6), Summer 200 Pages: 47-57 389 (6) 2 47-57 : - Effectiveness of Parent-Child Interaction Therapy on Reduction of Symptoms in Separation Anxiety Disorder 89/7/24