Interaction of Thymic Peptide Thymosin with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Receptors
|
|
- Carmella Austin
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Bioscience Reports, Vol. 6, No. 8, 1986 Interaction of Thymic Peptide Thymosin with Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Receptors Received August 4, 1986 J. R. Calvo 1, R. Goberna and J. M. Guerrero KEY WORDS: Thymosin; vasoactivc intestinal peptide. Abbreviations: GRF, growth hormone releasing factor; PHI, porcine intestinal peptide having N-terminal histidine and C-terminal isoleucine amide; GIP, gastric inhibitory polypeptide; VIP, vasoactive intestinal peptide. Thymic peptide thymosin cq (10-9 to M) is shown to inhibit the specific binding of [12sI]VIP to rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes. Thymosin 71 was 160 and 6250 times less potent that VIP at inhibiting [~25I]VIP binding to blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes, respectively. Thymosin ~ (10- lo to 10-7 M) was weak in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity. Its efficacy is about 25 % and 27 % that of native VIP in blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes, respectively. Thymosin ~ may behave as a partial VIP agonist in rat. INTRODUCTION Thymosin cq was the first polypeptide isolated from thymosin fraction 5, a polypeptide extract of calf thymus (1, 2). This peptide consists of 28 amino acid residues and has a molecular weight (MW) of 3108 (1, 3, 4). The analysis of the sequence of this peptide reveals close structural similarities with the members of the socalled glucagon-vip-secretin family (5,6). Thymosin el possesses 6 amino acids in common with the rat growth hormone releasing factor (rgrf) (7), 5 with the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) (8), glucagon (9) and porcine gut peptide PHI (6) Dept. de Bioqulmica, Facultad de Medicina, Avda. Sfinchez Pizjufin, 4, SEVILLA, Spain. 1 "17o whom correspondence should be addressed /86/ / Plenum Publishing Corporation
2 728 Calvo, Goberna, and Guerrero and 3 with secretin (10), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP) (11) and human growth hormone releasing factor (hgrf) (5). Peptides of this structural family exhibit great overlapping biological activities in various tissues (12). This was shown to be due in some cases to cross-reactivity at the receptor level (13-16). The structural similarities between thymosin e~ and VIP prompted us to investigate the possible interaction of thymosin e~ with VIP receptors. In this paper we show that thymosin e~ binds to VIP receptors in rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes and stimulates adenylate cyclase activity. MATERIALS AND METHODS Materials Synthetic bovine thymosin a~ was purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA); synthetic VIP was purchased from Peninsula Laboratories (San Carlos, CA, USA); thymosin fraction 5 was generously supplied by Professor M. Freire (Santiago de Compostela, Spain); carrier-free Na [1251] (IMS-30) and 2,8-[all]adenosine 3',5' cyclic phosphate (TRK-498) were obtained from the Radiochemical Centre (Amersham, UK). [12si]Vi P was prepared by the chloramine T method at a specific activity of 250 Ci/g (17) and had binding properties identical to those of native VIP (18). All other chemicals were reagent grade. Experimental Procedures Peripheral blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes were obtained from Wistar rats as described in (19) and (20), respectively. Studies of [125I]VIP binding to rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes were conducted as in (21) and (22), respectively. All values for binding of [I:sI]VIP to rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes are expressed as "specific binding", that is total binding minus nonspecific binding. So-called "nonspecific binding" was that binding which occurred in the presence of 10 #M native VIP. These values were always less than 12 % and 8 % for blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes, respectively. Adenylate cyclase activity was assayed exactly as in (21, 23). RESULTS Thymosin "1 ( 10-9 to 3 x 10-7 M) inhibits the specific binding of [125I]VIP to its receptors present in rat blood mononuclear cells (Fig. 1, top). Half-maximal inhibition is obtained at 160nM. Thymosin ~1 is 160 times less potent than VIP at inhibiting [12SI]VIP binding to blood mononuclear cells. In rat liver plasma membranes, thymosin a 1 (10-9 to 3 x 10 -~ M) was less effective in inhibiting the specific binding of [ ~ 25i]ViP (Fig. 1, bottom). Half-maximal inhibition is obtained at 3500nM and thymosin ~ was 6250 times less potent than VIP at inhibiting [125I]VIP binding to liver plasma membranes.
3 Thymosin-VIP Receptor Interaction I w I I 50 tl td v 100 Z D O 0,., w ' " " : I I I i--.i > 5o a el s 9 I I I 0 I! oo PEPTIDE CONCENTRATION -LOG (M) Fig. 1. Competitive inhibition of specific [125I]VIP binding to rat blood mononuclear cells (top) and liver plasma membranes (bottom) by VIP (0) and thymosin ~ (O). Results are expressed as the percentage of radioactivity specifically bound in the absence of added unlabeled peptide. Each point is the mean _+ SEM of four experiments. The effect of thymosin ~tl (10-1~ to 10 -T M) on cyclic AMP production in rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes was tested. In both cases, thymosin ~tl was weak in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity (Fig. 2, top and bottom). These results indicate that thymosin ~1 appears to be a partial VIP agonist
4 730 Catvo, Goberna, and Guerrero I e I I e I U] U- U_ UJ J < X < 50 b I--- Z ILl w 0 >- ~ 100 i.s i I I I I I Iv I I I I m F-- < lxl < ~ 50 >- U W,< _,,.I z 0 W s.,d: PEPTIDE.Y, ;; i I I I ' oo CONCENTRATION - LOG (M) Fig. 2. Adenylate cyclase activity in rat blood mononuclear cells (top) and liver plasma membranes (bottom) in response to increasing concentrations of VIP (0) and thymosin ~1 (O). Each point is the mean of triplicate determinations. Two other experiments gave similar results. with low intrinsic activity in blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes since, (1) it is less potent in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity (Fig. 2, top and bottom) than in inhibiting the binding of E125I]VIP (Fig. 1, top and bottom), and, (2)
5 Thymosin-VIP Receptor Interaction 731 Table 1. Cyclic AMP production in rat blood mononuclear cells Addition camp (pmol/106 cells) VIP (10-7 M) Thymosin ~1 ( 10-7 M) VIP (10-7 M) + Thymosin cq (10-7 M) Results are the mean + SEM of 4 experiments. Table 2. Cyclic AMP production in rat liver plasma membranes Addition camp (pmol/mg protein) 0 VIP (10-8 M) 20-t Thymosin ~x ( 10-7 M) 26 7 VIP (10-8 M) + Thymosin ~a (10-7 M) Results are the mean + SEM of 4 experiments. its efficacy is about 25 % and 27 % that of native VIP in blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes, respectively. Thymosin cq and VIP, tested at maximally active doses, do not elicit an additive stimulatory effect on cyclase activity in rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes (Tables 1 and 2). Table 3. Effects of native VIP, thymosin ea and thymosin fraction 5 on the specific binding of [12sI]VIP to rat liver plasma membranes Addition Specific [I/sI]VIP binding 0 VIP (0.234/~g/ml) Thymosin cq (0.622pg/ml) Thymosin fraction 5 (100#g/ml) Results are the mean SEM of 4 experiments. In Table 3 we show the effect of thymosin fraction 5 (100 #g/ml) on the specific binding of [125I]VIP to liver plasma membranes. Thymosin fraction 5, at the concentration tested, inhibits the specific binding of [t25i]vip to its receptors. DISCUSSION The present paper clearly demonstrates that a new peptide, thymosin ~1, is able to bind to VIP receptors in rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes.
6 732 Calvo, Goberna, and Guerrero Thymosin ~1 is an acidic peptide with a molecular weight of 3108 and an isoelectric point of 4.2, isolated from thymosin fraction 5, a polypeptide extract of calf thymus. Thymosin ~1 possesses 28 amino acid residues and has an N-terminal acetylated group. High concentrations of thymosin ~1 are needed to interact with VIP receptors in rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes. In fact, 200 and 6666 times higher concentrations of thymosin ~x were necessary to observe the same effect as with VIP in blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes, respectively. This apparent disagreement between the results obtained with blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes can be explained by the recent evidence of the molecular heterogeneity of VIP receptors (24, 25, 26). Furthermore, thymosin ~i was weak in cyclic AMP production in both cases. It must be kept in mind that the thymosin ~1 used was of bovine origin, while the blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes were of rat origin. In fact, a great species specificity exists in the ability of VIP receptors to discriminate between the different peptides of its structural family (14, 16, 27, 28). In that respect only studies performed in homologous systems are relevant for analysing the structure-function relationship of peptides of the VIP-secretin family. Previous work has shown the importance of the N-terminal portion of VIP in the binding to receptors (18, 30). Thymosin el has 3 amino acids in common with VIP in the 10 first amino acids at the N-terminal (Ala-4, Val-5 and Thr-7) while 2 other amino acids are in common in the remainder of the molecule (Lys-20 and Ash-28). In particular, the threonine located in position 7 has been shown to be very important for binding receptors (18). Although the N-terminal portion is certainly involved in the recognition of thymosin e~ by VIP receptors, the resemblances in the remainder of the peptide sequence cannot be neglected. Indeed, the entire length of the VIP sequence is necessary to the process of binding, since VIP fragments have very low affinity, if any, for the receptors (30, 31). The presence of a N-terminal serine in thymosin el, instead of a histidine as in VIP, is very probably a cause of the low affinity of thymosin cq for VIP receptors. These results are in good agreement with previous observations indicating that deleting (14, 30) or modifying (16, 18, 32, 33) the N-terminal histidine in some of the peptides of the structural family of VIP results in a drastic loss of affinity for rat VIP receptors and generate partial VIP agonists. Furthermore, thymosin st has an acetylated serine N- terminal and it has been shown that a free N-terminal amino group is essential for generating the biological response. Indeed, Ac-Tyr~hGRF is a competitive VIP antagonist in rat and a partial VIP agonist in humans (16). Thymosin fraction 5 is a polypeptide extract of calf thymus. It contains at least 30 different polypeptides, which can be resolved by two dimensional gel electrophoresis or isoelectric focussing. Thymosin el is the first thymosin polypeptide isolated from bovine fraction 5. Several other thymosin peptides have been isolated from fraction 5, for example, thymosin e7 (MW=2000) (4), thymosin /~3 (MW=5500) (34) and thymosin 84 (MW=4982) (34). Our results are in good agreement with previous reports indicating that the yield of thymosin :(1 from fraction 5 is about 0.6 ~ (35). In conclusion, this paper indicates that thymosin el binds to VIP receptors present in rat blood mononuclear cells and liver plasma membranes. Thymosin e~ was weak in stimulating adenylate cyclase activity in both cases and may behave as a partial VIP agonist in rat.
7 Thymosin-VIP Receptor Interaction 733 REFERENCES 1. Goldstein, A. L, Low, T. L. K., McAdoo, M., McClure, J., Thurman, G. B., Rossio, J. L., Lai, C-Y., Chang, D., Wang, S-S., Harvey, C., Ramel, A. H., and Meienhofer, J. (1977). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sei. USA 74: Hooper, J. A., McDaniel, M. C., Thurman, G. B., Cohen, G. H., Schulof, R. S. and Goldstein, A. L. (1975). Ann. NY Acad. Sci. 249: Low, T. L. K., Thurman, G. B., McAdoo, M., McClure, J., Rossio, J., Naylor, P. H. and Goldstein, A. L. (1979). J. Biol. Chem. 254: Low, T. L. K. and Goldstein, A. L. (1979). J. Biol. Chem. 254: Guillemin, R., Brazeau, P., B~hlen, P., Esch, F., Ling, N. and Wehrenberg, W. B. (1982). Science 218: Tatemoto, K. and Mutt, V. (1981). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: Spiess, J., Rivier, J. and Vale, W. (1983). Nature 31)3: Mutt, V. and Said, S. I. (1974). Eur. J. Bioehem. 42: Bromer, W. W., Sinn, L. G. and Behrens, O. K. (1957). J. Amer. Chem. Soc. 79: Mutt, V., Jorpes, J. E., and Magnusson, S. (1970). Eur. J. Biochem. 45: Brown, J, C. and Dryburgh, J. R. (1971). Can. J. Biochem. 49: Jerzey Glass, G. B. ed. (1980). Gastrointestinal Hormones, Raven Press, New York. 13. Bataille, D., Gespach, C., Laburthe, M., Amiranoff, B., Tatemoto, K., Vauclin, N., Mutt, V., and Rosselin, G. (1980). FEBS Lett. 114: Laburthe, M., Amiranoff, B., Boige, N., Rouyer-Fessard, C., Tatemoto, K., and Moroder, L. (1983). FEBS Lett. 159: Laburthe, M., Couvineau, A., Rouyer-Fessard, C., and Moroder, L. (1985). L/re Sci. 36: Laburthe, M., Couvineau, A., and Rouyer-Fessard, C. (1986). Mol. Pharmacol. 29: Laburthe, M., Bataille, D., and Rosselin, G. (1977). Acta Endocrinol. 84: Prieto, J. C., Laburthe, M., and Rosselin, G. (1979). Eur. J. Biochem. 96: Boyum, A. (1968). Scan& J. Clin. Lab. Invest. 21: Neville, D. M. (1968). Biochim. Biophys. Acta 154: Calvo, J. R., Guerrero, J. M., Molinero, P., Blasco, R., and Goberna, R. (1986). Gen. Pharmac. 17 : Guerrero, J. M., Prieto, J. C., Ramirez, R., Calvo, J. R., and Goberna, R. (1981). Rev. Esp. Fisiol. 37: Ramirez, C., Prieto, J. C., Guerrero, J. M., and Goberna, R. (1981). Rev. Esp. Fisiol. 37: Wood, C. L. and O'Dorisio, M. S. (1985). J. Biol. Chem. 260: Couvineau, A. and Laburthe, M. (1985). Biochem. J. 225: Fantini, J., Tirard, A., E1 Battari, A., Luis, J., Muller, J. M., Pichon, J., and Marvaldi, J. (1985). Gastroenterol. Clin. Biol. 9: Broyart, J. P., Dupont, C., Laburthe, M., and Rosselin, G. (1981). J. Clin. Endocr. Metab. 52: Robberecht, P., Tatemoto, K., Chatelain, P., Waelbroeck, M., Delhaye, M., Taton, G., De Neef, P., Camus, J. C., Heuse, D., and Christophe, J. (1982). Regul. Pept. 4: Couvineau, A., Rouyer-Fessard, C., Fournier, A., St. Pierre, S., Pipkorn, R., and Laburthe, M. (1984). Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 121: Laburthe, M., Bataille, D., and Rosselin, G. (1977). Acta Endocrinol. 84: Laburthe, M., Prieto, J. C., Amiranoff, B., Dupont, C., Hui Bon Hoa, D., and Rosselin, G. (1979). Eur. J. Biochem. 96: Epand, R. M., Rosselin, G., Hui Bon Hoa, D., Cote, T. E., and Laburthe, M. (1981). & Biol. Chem. 256: Low, T. L. K., Hu, S. K., and Goldstein, A. L. (1981). Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 78: Trainin, N., Umiel, T., Klein, B., and Kleir, I. (1980). In: Polypeptide Hormones (Beers, R. F. and Bassett, E. G., Eds.), Raven Press, New York, pp
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION
SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION doi:10.1038/nature22394 Supplementary Table 1 Observed intermolecular interactions within the GLP-1:GLP-1R TMD interface. Superscripts refer to the Wootten residue numbering system
More informationA new bioassay of VIP: results in watery diarrhoea syndrome
Gut, 1980, 21, 619-623 A new bioassay of VIP: results in watery diarrhoea syndrome M C LABURTHE,* C M DUPONT, J D BESSON, M ROUSSET, AND G E ROSSELIN From the Unite de Recherches de Diabetologie et d'etudes
More informationTwo peptides with potent GH-releasing activity, containing
Rapid Publication Synthetic Pancreatic Growth Hormone- Releasing Factor (GRF-40) Stimulates the Secretion of the Endocrine Pancreas KJELD HERMANSEN, ANNE MARIE KAPPELGAARD, J0RGEN ESMANN, AND HANS 0RSKOV
More informationHPLC '88. Poster Presentation. Isolation of Thymosin B4 from Thymosin Fraction 5 by Reverse Phase HPLC
Essentials in HPLC '88 Poster Presentation Isolation of Thymosin B4 from Thymosin Fraction 5 by Reverse Phase HPLC M. Badamchian, M.P. Strickler, M.J. Stone, A.L. Goldstein for Waters.bioresearchThe absolute,
More informationFEBS 1138 January Paul R. Buckland and Bernard Rees Smith
Volume 166, number 1 FEBS 1138 January 1984 A structural comparison receptors by of guinea pig thyroid and fat TSH photoaffinity labelling Paul R. Buckland and Bernard Rees Smith Endocrine Immunology Unit,
More informationFunctional and Structural Characterization of the Secretin Receptors in Rat Gastric Glands: Desensitization and Glycoprotein Nature
Bioscience Reports, Vol. 11, No. 1, 1991 Functional and Structural Characterization of the Secretin Receptors in Rat Gastric Glands: Desensitization and Glycoprotein Nature Wafa Bawab, Eric Chastre and
More informationTHE ACTION OF VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE ANTAGONISTS ON PEPTTDERGIC MODULATION OF THE SQUID SCHWANN CELL
J. exp. Biot. 138, 259-269 (1988) 259 Printed in Great Britain The Company of Biologists Limited 1988 THE ACTION OF VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE ANTAGONISTS ON PEPTTDERGIC MODULATION OF THE SQUID SCHWANN
More informationDual nucleotide specificity of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase
Biochem J. (1980) 191, 299-304 Printed in Great Britain 299 Dual nucleotide specificity of bovine glutamate dehydrogenase The role of negative co-operativity Stephen ALX and J. llis BLL Department ofbiochemistry,
More informationEvidence for separate receptors for melanophore stimulating hormone and catecholamine regulation of cyclic AMP in the control of melanophore responses
Br. J. Pharmac. (1970), 39, 160-166. Evidence for separate receptors for melanophore stimulating hormone and catecholamine regulation of cyclic AMP in the control of melanophore responses J. M. GOLDMAN
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/142604
More informationLecture 15. Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction
Lecture 15 Signal Transduction Pathways - Introduction So far.. Regulation of mrna synthesis Regulation of rrna synthesis Regulation of trna & 5S rrna synthesis Regulation of gene expression by signals
More informationRevision. General functions of hormones. Hormone receptors. Hormone derived from steroids Small polypeptide Hormone
االله الرحمن الرحيم بسم Revision General functions of hormones. Hormone receptors Classification according to chemical nature Classification according to mechanism of action Compare and contrast between
More informationCHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes. General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith
CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, & Enzymes General, Organic, & Biological Chemistry Janice Gorzynski Smith CHAPTER 21: Amino Acids, Proteins, Enzymes Learning Objectives: q The 20 common, naturally occurring
More informationRadioimmunoassay Specific for Amino (N) and Carboxyl (C) Terminal Portion of Parathyroid Hormone
Endocrinol. Japon. 1975, 22 (6), 471 `477 Radioimmunoassay Specific for Amino (N) and Carboxyl (C) Terminal Portion of Parathyroid Hormone MASAHIRO TANAKA, KAORU ABE, IsAMu ADACHI KEN YAMAGUCHI, SUMIKO
More informationBiomolecules: amino acids
Biomolecules: amino acids Amino acids Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins They are also part of hormones, neurotransmitters and metabolic intermediates There are 20 different amino acids in
More informationLAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Evolution Name: Period Date :
LAB#23: Biochemical Evidence of Name: Period Date : Laboratory Experience #23 Bridge Worth 80 Lab Minutes If two organisms have similar portions of DNA (genes), these organisms will probably make similar
More informationPharmacodynamics. OUTLINE Definition. Mechanisms of drug action. Receptors. Agonists. Types. Types Locations Effects. Definition
Pharmacodynamics OUTLINE Definition. Mechanisms of drug action. Receptors Types Locations Effects Agonists Definition Types Outlines of Pharmacodynamics Antagonists Definition Types Therapeutic Index Definition
More informationGoals and Challenges of Communication. Communication and Signal Transduction. How Do Cells Communicate?
Goals and Challenges of Communication Reaching (only) the correct recipient(s) Imparting correct information Timeliness Causing the desired effect Effective termination Communication and Signal Transduction
More informationPractice Problems 3. a. What is the name of the bond formed between two amino acids? Are these bonds free to rotate?
Life Sciences 1a Practice Problems 3 1. Draw the oligopeptide for Ala-Phe-Gly-Thr-Asp. You do not need to indicate the stereochemistry of the sidechains. Denote with arrows the bonds formed between the
More informationEURO DIAGNOSTICA PRODUCT CATALOG RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA)
EURO DIAGNOSTICA PRODUCT CATALOG RADIOIMMUNOASSAY (RIA) Copyright: 2014, Euro Diagnostica AB Version: 2014-06 Graphic design: Oddville AB Printed by: Bildcenter i Lund AB Radioimmunoassay Catalog Euro
More informationEffect of Sodium Loading and Depletion on Cyclic Nucleotides in Plasma and Aorta. Interaction between Prostacyclin and Cyclic Nucleotides
Endocrinol. Japon. 1982, 29 (2), 245-250 Effect of Sodium Loading and Depletion on Cyclic Nucleotides in Plasma and Aorta. Interaction between Prostacyclin and Cyclic Nucleotides MANABU YOSHIMURA, TERUO
More informationStrathprints Institutional Repository
Strathprints Institutional Repository Dufès, Christine and Alleaume, Céline and Montoni, Alicia and Olivier, Jean-Christophe and Muller, Jean-Marc (2003) Effects of the vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)
More informationFundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges
Fundamentals of Organic Chemistry CHEM 109 For Students of Health Colleges Credit hrs.: (2+1) King Saud University College of Science, Chemistry Department CHEM 109 CHAPTER 9. AMINO ACIDS, PEPTIDES AND
More informationChapter 10. Regulatory Strategy
Chapter 10 Regulatory Strategy Regulation of enzymatic activity: 1. Allosteric Control. Allosteric proteins have a regulatory site(s) and multiple functional sites Activity of proteins is regulated by
More informationPreferential Binding of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide
Preferential Binding of Vasoactive Intestinal Polypeptide to Basolateral Membrane of Rat and Rabbit Enterocytes KIERTISIN DHARMSATHAPHORN, VERNA HARMS, DARRELL J. YAMASHIRO, RICHARD J. HUGHES, HENRY J.
More informationCOLLOID DROPLET FORMATION IN DOG THYROID IN VITRO
COLLOID DROPLET FORMATION IN DOG THYROID IN VITRO Induction by Dibutyryl Cyclic-AMP I. PASTAN and S. HI. WOLLMAN. Froml the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases and the National Cancer
More informationEffects of Insulin and Glucagon on Elasticity of Lipid Bilayers Modified by Rat Liver Plasma Membrane Fragments
Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1988), 7, 537 542 537 Short communication Effects of Insulin and Glucagon on Elasticity of Lipid Bilayers Modified by Rat Liver Plasma Membrane Fragments J. KAVEČANSKÝ 1, T. HIANIK
More informationThis exam consists of two parts. Part I is multiple choice. Each of these 25 questions is worth 2 points.
MBB 407/511 Molecular Biology and Biochemistry First Examination - October 1, 2002 Name Social Security Number This exam consists of two parts. Part I is multiple choice. Each of these 25 questions is
More informationChemical Nature of the Amino Acids. Table of a-amino Acids Found in Proteins
Chemical Nature of the Amino Acids All peptides and polypeptides are polymers of alpha-amino acids. There are 20 a- amino acids that are relevant to the make-up of mammalian proteins (see below). Several
More information[GANN, 59, ; October, 1968] CHANGES IN ALDOLASE ISOZYME PATTERNS OF HUMAN CANCEROUS TISSUES
[GANN, 59, 415-419; October, 1968] UDC 616-006-092.18 CHANGES IN ALDOLASE ISOZYME PATTERNS OF HUMAN CANCEROUS TISSUES Kiyoshi TSUNEMATSU, Shin-ichi YOKOTA, and Tadao SHIRAISHI (Third Department of Internal
More informationMolecular Biology. general transfer: occurs normally in cells. special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions.
Chapter 9: Proteins Molecular Biology replication general transfer: occurs normally in cells transcription special transfer: occurs only in the laboratory in specific conditions translation unknown transfer:
More informationExam 2 Review Problems DO NOT BRING TO EXAM
This packet contains problems from old exams, your book, supplemental materials, and even stuff from a TA from many years past. Use this as practice only. This is not, by any means, a definitive indication
More informationCholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide, stimulates growth hormone release in the rat
J. Biosci., Vol. 15, Number 1, March 1990, pp. 17 21. Printed in India. Cholecystokinin antagonist, proglumide, stimulates growth hormone release in the rat E. VIJAYAN* and S. M. McCANN Department of Physiology,
More informationVets 111/Biov 111 Cell Signalling-2. Secondary messengers the cyclic AMP intracellular signalling system
Vets 111/Biov 111 Cell Signalling-2 Secondary messengers the cyclic AMP intracellular signalling system The classical secondary messenger model of intracellular signalling A cell surface receptor binds
More informationProblem-solving Test: The Mechanism of Protein Synthesis
Q 2009 by The International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY EDUCATION Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 58 62, 2009 Problem-based Learning Problem-solving Test: The Mechanism
More informationEFFECTORS IMPLICATED IN THE AC1 INHIBITORY EFFECT ON CELL PROLIFERATION IN PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS
EFFECTORS IMPLICATED IN THE AC1 INHIBITORY EFFECT ON CELL PROLIFERATION IN PANCREATIC CANCER CELLS VIDYA MEDEPALLI ADVISOR: Maria Eugenia Sabbatini, PhD PHI KAPPA PHI RESEARCH CONFERENCE MARCH 18 TH, 2016
More informationDYNORPHIN-(1-13) SUPPRESSES HEROIN WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS IN 6 ADDICTS
DYNORPHIN-(1-13) SUPPRESSES HEROIN WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS IN 6 ADDICTS H.L. WEN (Neurosurgical Unit, Kwong Wah Hospital, Tung Wah Group of Hospitals, Kowloon, Hong Kong) P. Y. C. WEN (79 Hurlingham Court,
More informationBIO 311C Spring Lecture 15 Friday 26 Feb. 1
BIO 311C Spring 2010 Lecture 15 Friday 26 Feb. 1 Illustration of a Polypeptide amino acids peptide bonds Review Polypeptide (chain) See textbook, Fig 5.21, p. 82 for a more clear illustration Folding and
More informationProteins are sometimes only produced in one cell type or cell compartment (brain has 15,000 expressed proteins, gut has 2,000).
Lecture 2: Principles of Protein Structure: Amino Acids Why study proteins? Proteins underpin every aspect of biological activity and therefore are targets for drug design and medicinal therapy, and in
More informationQuantitative variation of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide and its receptor in rat liver during development
Acta Physiologica Sinica, June 25, 2005, 57 (3): 379-383 http://www.actaps.com.cn 379 1 2,* 2 2 1 400016 2 610041 (vasoactive intestinal polypeptide VIP)(vasoactive intestinal polypeptide receptor VIPR)
More informationGentilucci, Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins. Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds CH 3
Amino Acids Peptides and proteins are polymers of amino acids linked together by amide bonds Aliphatic Side-Chain Amino Acids - - H CH glycine alanine 3 proline valine CH CH 3 - leucine - isoleucine CH
More informationCharges on amino acids and proteins. ph 1. ph 7. Acidic side chains: glutamate and aspartate
harges on amino acids and proteins Acidic side chains: glutamate and aspartate A A- + + + - + Basic side chains: arginine, lysine & histidine Glycine @ p 1 B+ B + + + The amino group, pka 9.6 3 N+ The
More informationChemical Biology, Option II Mechanism Based Proteomic Tagging Case History CH1
Proteome Wide Screening of Serine Protease Activity Proc Natl Acad Sci 1999, 97, 14694; Proteomics 2001, 1, 1067; Proc Natl Acad Sci 2002, 99, 10335; Biochemistry 2001, 40, 4005; J. Am. Chem. Soc., 2005,
More informationEnzymes Part III: regulation II. Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017
Enzymes Part III: regulation II Dr. Mamoun Ahram Summer, 2017 Advantage This is a major mechanism for rapid and transient regulation of enzyme activity. A most common mechanism is enzyme phosphorylation
More informationGastrin derivatives investigated for secretory potency and for changes in gastric mucosal histamine formation
Br. J. Pharmac. (1970), 38, 473-477. Gastrin derivatives investigated for secretory potency and for changes in gastric mucosal histamine formation ELSA ROSENGREN AND S. E. SVENSSON Institute of Physiology,
More informationFUNDAMENTALS OF BIOCHEMISTRY, CELL BIOLOGY AND BIOPHYSICS Vol. I - Biochemistry of Vitamins, Hormones and Other Messenger Molecules - Chris Whiteley
BIOCHEMISTRY OF VITAMINS, HORMONES AND OTHER MESSENGER MOLECULES Chris Whiteley Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa Keywords: phosphorylation, phosphorylase,
More informationMy Journey in Endocrinology. Samuel Cataland M.D
My Journey in Endocrinology Samuel Cataland M.D. 1968-2015 Drs Berson M.D. Yalow phd Insulin Radioimmunoassay Nobel Prize Physiology or Medicine 1977 Rosalyn Yalow: Radioimmunoassay Technology Andrew Schally
More informationSUPPORTING INFORMATION. Lysine Carbonylation is a Previously Unrecognized Contributor. to Peroxidase Activation of Cytochrome c by Chloramine-T
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Chemical Science. This journal is The Royal Society of Chemistry 2019 SUPPORTING INFORMATION Lysine Carbonylation is a Previously Unrecognized Contributor to
More informationStimulation of Active K + Transport by Anti-L Antibodies in Trypsin-Treated Low Potassium Sheep Erythrocytes
LETTER TO THE EDITOR Stimulation of Active K + Transport by Anti-L Antibodies in Trypsin-Treated Low Potassium Sheep Erythrocytes Dear Sir: In this letter we attempt to resolve a discrepancy on the effect
More information266 HARMAR ET AL. TABLE 1 Nomenclature of receptors for PACAP and VIP
0031-6997/98/5002-0265$03.00/0 PHARMACOLOGICAL REVIEWS Vol. 50, No. 2 Copyright 1998 by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Printed in U.S.A. International Union of Pharmacology.
More informationFigure S6. A-J) Annotated UVPD mass spectra for top ten peptides found among the peptides identified by Byonic but not SEQUEST + Percolator.
Extending Proteome Coverage by Combining MS/MS Methods and a Modified Bioinformatics Platform adapted for Database Searching of Positive and Negative Polarity 193 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation Mass
More informationTala Saleh. Ahmad Attari. Mamoun Ahram
23 Tala Saleh Ahmad Attari Minna Mushtaha Mamoun Ahram In the previous lecture, we discussed the mechanisms of regulating enzymes through inhibitors. Now, we will start this lecture by discussing regulation
More informationDiabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1985
Diabetologia (1985) 28: 80-86 Diabetologia 9 Springer-Verlag 1985 Plasma glucagon and glucagon-like immunoreactive components in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients and normal subjects before
More informationTRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
Journal of Supramolecular Structure 4:441 (401)-447 (407) (1976) TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS IN INTACT 3T3 AND SV3T3 CELLS. Binding Activity for Leucine in Membrane Preparations of Ehrlich Ascites Tumor Cells
More informationIsolation of a Glucagon-containig Peptide: Primary Structure of a Possible Fragment of Proglucagon (hormones/precursors)
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 70, No. 8, pp. 2321-2325, August 1973 Isolation of a Glucagon-containig Peptide: Primary Structure of a Possible Fragment of Proglucagon (hormones/precursors) HOWARD S. TAGER
More informationENERGY FROM INGESTED NUTREINTS MAY BE USED IMMEDIATELY OR STORED
QUIZ/TEST REVIEW NOTES SECTION 1 SHORT TERM METABOLISM [METABOLISM] Learning Objectives: Identify primary energy stores of the body Differentiate the metabolic processes of the fed and fasted states Explain
More informationLife History of A Drug
DRUG ACTION & PHARMACODYNAMIC M. Imad Damaj, Ph.D. Associate Professor Pharmacology and Toxicology Smith 652B, 828-1676, mdamaj@hsc.vcu.edu Life History of A Drug Non-Specific Mechanims Drug-Receptor Interaction
More informationSignal Transduction Cascades
Signal Transduction Cascades Contents of this page: Kinases & phosphatases Protein Kinase A (camp-dependent protein kinase) G-protein signal cascade Structure of G-proteins Small GTP-binding proteins,
More informationSynopsis. Received March 2, adrenaline. Mosinger and Kujalova (1964) reported that adrenaline-induced lipolysis
Studies on Reduction of Lipolysis in Adipose Tissue on Freezing and Thawing YASUSHI SAITO1, NoBUO MATSUOKA1, AKIRA KUMAGAI1, HIROMICHI OKUDA2, AND SETSURO FUJII3 Chiba University, Chiba 280, Japan, 2Department
More informationAMINO ACIDS STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS
AMINO ACIDS STRUCTURE, CLASSIFICATION, PROPERTIES. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS Elena Rivneac PhD, Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry State University of Medicine
More informationMITOCW watch?v=xms9dyhqhi0
MITOCW watch?v=xms9dyhqhi0 The following content is provided under a Creative Commons license. Your support will help MIT OpenCourseWare continue to offer high-quality, educational resources for free.
More informationEffects of methionine-containing dipeptides on α s1 casein expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells *
Journal of Animal and Feed Sciences, 16, Suppl. 2, 2007, 325 329 Effects of methionine-containing dipeptides on α s1 casein expression in bovine mammary epithelial cells * H.H. Wu 1, J.Y. Yang 1,2, K.
More informationInsulin and the brain. Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD
Insulin and the brain Mary ET Boyle, Ph. D. Department of Cognitive Science UCSD 1921 Banting & Macleod Nobel Prize 1923 White, M. F. (2003) Science Berg, J. M., Tymoczko, J. L. and Stryer, L. (2007) Biochemistry
More informationSaccharomyces cerevisiae*
THE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY 1988 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Vol. 263, No. 29, Issue of October 15, pp. 14948-14955, 1988 Printed in U.S.A. Purification
More informationSelf-association of α-chymotrypsin: Effect of amino acids
J. Biosci., Vol. 13, Number 3, September 1988, pp. 215 222. Printed in India. Self-association of α-chymotrypsin: Effect of amino acids T. RAMAKRISHNA and M. W. PANDIT* Centre for Cellular and Molecular
More informationatively poor response of adenylate cyclase in Leydig cell
Proc. Nati. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 77, No. 10, pp. 5837-5841, October 1980 Biochemistry Hormone-induced guanyl nucleotide binding and activation of adenylate cyclase in the Leydig cell (hormone action/testicular
More informationThe Impact of Preanalytical Variables in Blood: Enabling High Quality Protein Analysis
The Impact of Preanalytical Variables in Blood: Enabling High Quality Protein Analysis David Craft, PhD Senior Manager Biological Sciences R&D BD Life Sciences Preanalytical Systems 2016 BD. BD, the BD
More informationGrowth Hormone, Somatostatin, and Prolactin 1 & 2 Mohammed Y. Kalimi, Ph.D.
Growth Hormone, Somatostatin, and Prolactin 1 & 2 Mohammed Y. Kalimi, Ph.D. I. Growth Hormone (somatotropin): Growth hormone (GH) is a 191 amino acid single chain polypeptide (MW 22,000 daltons). Growth
More informationAmino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an
Amino acids-incorporated nanoflowers with an intrinsic peroxidase-like activity Zhuo-Fu Wu 1,2,+, Zhi Wang 1,+, Ye Zhang 3, Ya-Li Ma 3, Cheng-Yan He 4, Heng Li 1, Lei Chen 1, Qi-Sheng Huo 3, Lei Wang 1,*
More informationActivation of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Cadmium Ions
Gen. Physiol. Biophys. (1985), 4, 29 34 29 Activation of Mitochondrial Glycerol 3-Phosphate Dehydrogenase by Cadmium Ions H. RAUCHOVÁ, P. P. KAUL* and Z. DRAHOTA Institute of Physiology, Czechoslovak Academy
More informationThe Composition, Structure and Origin of Proteose-peptone Component 8F of Bovine Milk
Eur. J. Biochem. YO, 67-71 (1978) The Composition, Structure and Origin of Proteose-peptone Component 8F of Bovine Milk Anthony T. ANDREWS Chemistry Department, National Institute for Research in Dairying,
More informationTKheory Section: [Total 16 Marks]
Bloomfield all School Test (Unit 2) Name :... Paper: Biolog y Date :... lass: A1&2 Time Allowed: 40Minutes Maximum Marks: 2 TKheory Section: [Total 16 Marks] 1 aemoglobin is a globular protein that shows
More informationReceptor mediated Signal Transduction
Receptor mediated Signal Transduction G-protein-linked receptors adenylyl cyclase camp PKA Organization of receptor protein-tyrosine kinases From G.M. Cooper, The Cell. A molecular approach, 2004, third
More informationEffect ofph changes on the binding of vitamin B12
J. clin. Path., 1971, 24, 239-243 Effect of changes on the binding of vitamin B12 by intrinsic factor HING-YAN SHUM, BARRY J. O'NEILL, AND ARTHUR M. STREETER From the Division of Haematology, Repatriation
More information1. Describe the relationship of dietary protein and the health of major body systems.
Food Explorations Lab I: The Building Blocks STUDENT LAB INVESTIGATIONS Name: Lab Overview In this investigation, you will be constructing animal and plant proteins using beads to represent the amino acids.
More informationExendin-4-mediated cell proliferation in beta-cells: focusing on the transcription factors
Exendin-4-mediated cell proliferation in beta-cells: focusing on the transcription factors Seo-Yoon Chang, Jae Min Cho, Yang-Hyeok Jo, Myung-Jun Kim Departments of Physiology, College of Medicine, The
More information(3) Cyclic Nucleotide Gated (CNG) Assay Technology. (4) Developing uhts CNG Assays on the FLIPR Tetra
Miniaturized Cyclic Nucleotide-Gated (CNG) Channel Assays to Discover Neuropeptide Y Receptor Modulators Sanjay Saldanha, PhD, HTS/Lead ID Department Slide 1 Presentation Outline (1) Intro to Scripps Florida
More information(Adams 8c Purves 1958), or LATS-protector (LATS-P) (Adams 8c Kennedy. 1967). The failure of the McKenzie (1958) mouse bioassay to detect LATS in
Department of Endocrinology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, and Department of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia THE THYROTROPHIN RECEPTOR IN HUMAN THYROID PLASMA MEMBRANES: EFFECT OF SERUM
More informationScope. History. History. Incretins. Incretin-based Therapy and DPP-4 Inhibitors
Plasma Glucose (mg/dl) Plasma Insulin (pmol/l) Incretin-based Therapy and Inhibitors Scope Mechanism of action ผศ.ดร.นพ.ว ระเดช พ ศประเสร ฐ สาขาว ชาโภชนว ทยาคล น ก ภาคว ชาอาย รศาสตร คณะแพทยศาสตร มหาว ทยาล
More informationINTERACTION DRUG BODY
INTERACTION DRUG BODY What the drug does to the body What the body does to the drug Receptors - intracellular receptors - membrane receptors - Channel receptors - G protein-coupled receptors - Tyrosine-kinase
More informationFind this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site.
Find this material useful? You can help our team to keep this site up and bring you even more content consider donating via the link on our site. Still having trouble understanding the material? Check
More informationCS612 - Algorithms in Bioinformatics
Spring 2016 Protein Structure February 7, 2016 Introduction to Protein Structure A protein is a linear chain of organic molecular building blocks called amino acids. Introduction to Protein Structure Amine
More informationINTRODUCTION TO GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTIONS
1 INTRODUCTION TO GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTIONS 2 Learning outcomes List two main components that make up the digestive system Describe the 6 essential functions of the GIT List factors (neurological, hormonal
More informationElectronic Supplementary Information. Table of Contents
Electronic Supplementary Information Examination of native chemical ligation using peptidyl prolyl thioester Takahiro Nakamura, Akira Shigenaga, Kohei Sato, Yusuke Tsuda, Ken Sakamoto, and Akira Otaka*
More informationLechago, 1983; Knight, Beal, Yuan & Fournet, 1987; Reinecke & Forssmann, 1988)
Journal of Physiology (1990), 423, pp. 475484 475 With 2 figures Printed in Great Britain VASOACTIVE INTESTINAL PEPTIDE STIMULATION OF HUMAN RENAL ADENYLATE CYCLASE IN VITRO BY B. G. CHARLTON, D. E. NEAL*
More informationRevision. camp pathway
االله الرحمن الرحيم بسم Revision camp pathway camp pathway Revision camp pathway Adenylate cyclase Adenylate Cyclase enzyme Adenylate cyclase catalyses the formation of camp from ATP. Stimulation or inhibition
More informationBlocking by Histones of Accessibility to DNA in Chromatin (DNase/RNA polymerase/dna polymerase)
Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA Vol. 69, No. 8, pp. 2115-2119, August 1972 Blocking by Histones of Accessibility to in Chromatin (/RNA polymerase/ polymerase) ALFRED E. MIRSKY AND BERT SILVERMAN The Rockefeller
More informationFree Amino Acid Changes in Serum throughout Rat Gestation and Lactation. Evolution of the Plasma/Serum Relationships
J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr., 3, 73-77, 1987 Free Amino Acid Changes in Serum throughout Rat Gestation and Lactation. Evolution of the Plasma/Serum Relationships M. PASTOR-ANGLADA, D. LOPEZ-TEJERO, and X. REMESAR*
More informationMetabolism and Atherogenic Properties of LDL
Metabolism and Atherogenic Properties of LDL Manfredi Rizzo, MD, PhD Associate Professor of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine, University of Palermo, Italy & Affiliate Associate Professor of Internal
More informationPrevious Class. Today. Term test I discussions. Detection of enzymatic intermediates: chymotrypsin mechanism
Term test I discussions Previous Class Today Detection of enzymatic intermediates: chymotrypsin mechanism Mechanistic Understanding of Enzymemediated Reactions Ultimate goals: Identification of the intermediates,
More informationReactions and amino acids structure & properties
Lecture 2: Reactions and amino acids structure & properties Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui Common Functional Groups Common Biochemical Reactions AH + B A + BH Oxidation-Reduction A-H + B-OH + energy ª A-B + H
More informationCommunication. Identification of Methionine N -Acetyltransferase from Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Communication THE JOURNAL OP BIOLOGICAL CHEMISTRY Vol. 265, No. 7, Issue of March 5, pp. 3603-3606,lSSO 0 1990 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc. Printed in U. S. A. Identification
More informationLecture 3. Tandem MS & Protein Sequencing
Lecture 3 Tandem MS & Protein Sequencing Nancy Allbritton, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Physiology & Biophysics 824-9137 (office) nlallbri@uci.edu Office- Rm D349 Medical Science D Bldg. Tandem MS Steps:
More informationPROTEINS. Building blocks, structure and function. Aim: You will have a clear picture of protein construction and their general properties
PROTEINS Building blocks, structure and function Aim: You will have a clear picture of protein construction and their general properties Reading materials: Compendium in Biochemistry, page 13-49. Microbiology,
More informationBiochemistry 2 Recita0on Amino Acid Metabolism
Biochemistry 2 Recita0on Amino Acid Metabolism 04-20- 2015 Glutamine and Glutamate as key entry points for NH 4 + Amino acid catabolism Glutamine synthetase enables toxic NH 4 + to combine with glutamate
More informationTECHNICAL BULLETIN. R 2 GlcNAcβ1 4GlcNAcβ1 Asn
GlycoProfile II Enzymatic In-Solution N-Deglycosylation Kit Product Code PP0201 Storage Temperature 2 8 C TECHNICAL BULLETIN Product Description Glycosylation is one of the most common posttranslational
More informationN. Y. Ip,* R. E. Zigmond** ABSTRACT: Cholinergic agonists and certain peptides
Synergistic Effects of Muscarinic Agonists and Secretin or Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide on the Regulation of Tyrosine Hydroxylase Activity in Sympathetic Neurons N. Y. Ip,* R. E. Zigmond** Department
More informationA Protein Kinase Inhibitor in Brown Adipose Tissue of Developing Rats
Biochem. J. (1974) 138, 195-199 Printed in Great Britain 195 A Protein Kinase Inhibitor in Brown Adipose Tissue of Developing Rats By JOSEF P. SKALA, GEORGE I. DRUMMOND and PETER HAHN Departments ofpaediatrics,
More informationSubstrate Specificity and Salt Inhibition of Five Proteinases Isolated from the Pyloric Caeca and Stomach of Sardine
Agric. Biol. Chem., 46 (6), 1565~1569, 1982 1565 Substrate Specificity and Salt Inhibition of Five Proteinases Isolated from the Pyloric Caeca and Stomach of Sardine Minoru Noda, Thanh Vo Van, Isao Kusakabe
More informationLaboratory of Experimental Medicine, Brussels Free University, Brussels, Belgium
Vol. 43, No. 6, December 1997 Pages 1367-1371 BITTER TASTE OF MONOSACCHARIDE PENTAACETATE ESTERS Willy J. MALAISSE and Francine MALAISSE-LAGAE Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Brussels Free University,
More information