Subject Index. under specific drugs Astatine

Transcription

1 Accelerated fractionation 67, 68 Acute lymphatic leukaemia (ALL). 38,96 Adenocarcinoma 219 Adenoid cystic carcinoma 146 Adriamycin 205,225,226 Alkylating agents 205 Amphotericin B 205 Anaemia 159,168,173 Ankylosing spondylitis 48 Anti-cancer drugs, see Chemotherapy, and under specific drugs Astatine Bismuth Bladder cancer 68 Bleomycin 193-5,205,225 Blood flow 201, 210 in hyperthermia 226,227 Blood pressure 170,172 Blood vessels, radiation damage 11 Bone marrow irradiation effects fractionated doses to whole volume single doses to whole volume 99 regeneration (BMR) patterns 100 T cell depletion of 125 transplantation (BMT) 95,97 Bowel damage 88 Bragg peak 130, 131, 141 Brain tolerance unit (BTU) 38 Brain tumours 126 BrdU 69 Breast fractionation trial 32, 34 Bromine Bronchial carcinoma 170, 226 BUdR 26 Buthionine sulphoximine (BSO) 5, 157 Caesium Californium Cataract formation 115, 126 Cell Adhesive Matrix 7 Cell killing and radiosensitization Cell populations within tumours 9-10 Cell radiosensitivity 10 Cellular radiation biology 6-7 Cellular radiation response 1-9 Cellular radiosensitivity 73 Cervical cancer 1,42,50,66,87,88,159,172 Chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia combined with radiotherapy, see Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy interaction with hyperthermia 205 Chest X-ray changes 36-7 CRO cells 180, 181 Cisplatin 194 effects on proliferation effects on repair of radiation damage effects on split dose repair 180 effects on X-ray repair in vitro 182 in combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy inhibition of SLD repair by 182 interaction with X-rays 179 killing and radiosensitization radiosensitization effects 181 radiosensitization of RIF1 cells by 178 Cisplatin-DNA adducts 184 CNS irradiation effects, sequelae of 104

2 244 CNS syndrome 96-7 CNS toxicity, clinical measurement of 38-9 Colonic adenocarcinoma 138 Colonic carcinoma 238 Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy clinical studies experimental tumour studies future directions multi-drug chemotherapy regimens normal tissue studies side-effects of 195 Computerized tomography (CI') 36-7, 39, 47, 103 Coronary artery disease Creatinine clearance 111 Cumulative radiation effect (CRE) 17,54,56 correction 88,89 Cyclophosphamide 226 Cytotox,ic drugs 36, 165 as radiosensitizers Cytotoxic therapy 38 Deuterons 129 2,3-Diphosphoglycerate 160 DNA adduct 196 DNA damage 5,19 DNA synthesis 26, 184 Dose-effect curve 33,67 Dose enhancement factor (DEF) 185 Dose equivalence calculations 89 Dose-rate effect 73-9,88 human tumour cell lines 75-7 mathematical models 75 normal tissues 77 Dose-reduction factor (DRF) 76 Dose-response curves 33,36,39,48,57,67,69, 70,103,189,190 Dose-time relationships 47, Doxorubicin 225 Drug response 18 DTIC 225 Duodenal damage Dyspigmentation 48 EDso value 77,104 Electron-affinic sensitizers 140,156 Etanidazole 154 EULIMA (European light-ion medical accelerator) project 141 European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) 43,68 Ewing's sarcoma 95 Excisional assays 43 Eye irradiation effects 115 Fibrosis 104 Fitzfractionation 68 Fixed cervical nodes Fluorouracil 193, 194 Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels 126 Fractionation radiotherapy 3,13,17,23-4,34 accelerated 67,68,138 adjustment of total dose 56-7 alternative schemes 61-3 biological factors 60-1 clinical trials criteria of 63-5 conventional 61,65 dose per fraction 54-5 factors affecting early reactions 55-6 factors affecting late reactions 56 Fitzfractionation 68 low-dose-rate 90 non-standard 56-7 overall time effect 53-4' predictive radiosensitivity testing principles of 53-8 split course irradiation 66, 68 see also Hyperfractionation; Hypofractionation Gastrointestinal syndrome 96-7 Gastrointestinal tract irradiation effects General Health Diary Card 43 Glioblastoma 86 y-glutamyl cysteine synthetase 157 Glutathione (GSH) levels 157 Granulocytopenia 99 Haematological response following total body exposure 99 Haemoglobin levels 168-9, 173 Haemoglobin-oxygen affinity 160 Haemoglobin status 159 Haemopoietic syndrome 96-7 Hahnemann University, monoclonal antibodies Head and neck cancer 67,68,84,138,144-6, 167,168,171-3,219 Heart attacks 107 Heart disease, development of 107 Heart irradiation effects Heavy ion therapy 140,141 Helium ions 140 Hepatoma cells 181 Histological assessments 42 Hodgkin's disease 107, 108, 195 3HTdRlabellingindex 20 Hydralazine 160, 162 Hydroxyurea 193 Hyperbaric oxygen 66,153,159,166-8,171 radiotherapy in Hyperfractionation 24,59,63,65,67,68,138 Hyperthermia 165 as cell killing modality 201 biology 201-8,210

3 blood flow in 226,227 cell response to clinical methods and results clinical results combined with chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy ,224 deep-seated tumours effects of 27, 36 effects of sequence and interval 206 heating methods used 211 history of clinical applications 209 hyperthermia alone interactions with chemotherapy 205 interactions with radiotherapy interstitial methods of inducing 224 normal tissue response oxygen tension in ph effects in physical requirements 216 physiological response to potential value in treatment of cancer 210 rationale for use of re-treatment of previously irradiated tissue 206 superficial tumours thermal dose concept thermal dose quantitation thermometry techniques ,218 tissue response to 18, whole body ,225-6 Hypofractionation 24,63,65-6 Hypoxia 153 and tumour cell kinetics 171 animal models 169 before radiotherapy exploitation for increasing efficiency of radiosensitization induction by vasoactive drugs manipulation for therapeutic gain protective effect of 5 radiobiological radioprotectiveness of 167 radiotherapy under 172 role of 11 Hypoxic cell sensitizers 153 multiple mechanism approach Hypoxic cells 73 animal models 169 bioreductive activation chemical radiosensitizers 166 histological evidence of radioresistance of 165,205 radiosensitization of reoxygenation of 168 responsibility for failure Hypoxic radiosensitization Indium-Ill 239,240 Infusion, induction of hyperthermia by 213 Interstitial applicators 215 Interstitial implants 82, 83 Interstitial pneumonitis 96 Interstitial radiotherapy 84-6 Intestinal adenocarcinoma 126 Intracavitary applicators 215 Intracavitary irradiation of gynaecological malignancies 83,86-9 Iodine Iodine , 86, 236, 239 Iodine ,237 Iridium Isobolograms 179 Isoeffect curves 82-4 Isoeffective doses, calculation of 57-8 IUdR 26 Karnofsky performance status 43 KHT sarcoma 162 KHT tumour 158, 161 Kidney combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy fractionation studies 24, 25 irradiation effects Large intestine, combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy Late effects factors affecting 56 non-stochastic 52 patients at high risk of 70 stochastic 52 total body irradiation 126 LDso values LDso/3o values 99, 102 LDso/30-60 values 97 LDsolloo values 99 LDsO/l60 values 102 Lethality studies Leukaemia 48,78,95,123, 126 Lewis lung tumour 160 Linear energy transfer (LET) 73,84,131,140 Liver irradiation effects 116 Local control 39-40,137-8,153,193 Low-dose-rate irradiation clinical implications of 78-9 external beam therapy 84, 89 in clinical radiotherapy local field 84 radiobiological considerations 74-5,81 Lung cancer 195 Lung function effect 169 Lung irradiation effects 36-7 doses to partial volume fractionated doses to whole volume single doses to whole volume 101 Lymphoma 123,219 Lymphoproliferative disorders

4 246 Magnetic resonance imaging 47 Malignant melanoma 146 Marshallese Island 51 Medulloblastoma 38 Megavoltage X-rays 47 Melanoma 219,220,225 Methotrexate 205 Metronidazole 156, 166, 167 Microwave radiation, induction of hyperthermia by 214 Misonidazole 5,153,156-8,162,167,168, ,173 Mitomycin C 194 Mitotic death Mitotic delay 22-3 Mitotic index 22 Monoclonal antibodies functional modifying component 236 Hahnemann University programme radiobiological considerations 237 radiochemical stability 237 selection of radionuclides selection of tumour-specific Neoplastic cells, proliferation kinetics Neuroblastoma 95 Neutron therapy 129,138-40,143-9 current status of development of future of 149 therapeutic index for high- and lowenergy Nitroimidazole 166 Nitrosoureas 193,205 Nominal standard dose (NSD) 17, 54, 56, 60 Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma 95,96, 126, 195 Normal cell tissue radiation response 70 Normal tissue damage, clinical scales of 32 Normal tissue end-points application of 33-6 characteristics of 31-3 graded scales 33-4 trial design 33-4 Normal tissue radioprotectors 17 Normal tissue response combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy 184 hyperthermia measurement of reporting of 34-5 reviews of topics relating to 26 timing of 34-5 to radiation total body irradiation Normal tissues dose-rate effect 77 dose tolerance of 59 Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy 69 Nuclear reactor accidents 95 Nuclearwarfare 95,99 Nuclear weapons testing 51 Oral cavity implants 83 Oral mucositis 35 Oral tumours 85 Oropharyngeal tumours 90 Orthovoltage X-rays 47 Ovarian cancer 195 Ovary irradiation effects 114 Oxic cells 12,73,74 Oxic radiosensitization Oxygen effect 4-6,68,140 exploitation of Oxygen enhancement ratio (OER) 5, 131, 140 Oxygen-haemoglobin dissociation curve 172 Oxygen tension in hyperthermia Oxygen transport effects 172 Pancarditis 105 Paranasal sinus tumours Particle therapy appropriate control arm in studies of 138 characteristics of charged particles 129 clinical aspects of clinical reality of 139 depth-dose distribution 130 evaluation of highlet 140 intermediate LET 140 LET distributions lowlet 140 physical aspects of radiobiological effects at high LET radiobiology of rationale for use of use ofterm 129 Patient response, measurement of 43 Patient self-assessments 43 Pelvic radiation tolerance 88 Pelvic tumours 147 Perfluorochemical agents 172 Perfusion, induction of hyperthermia by 213 Pericarditis 105,107,108 ph effects 202, 210 in hyperthermia Phase sensitivities 21 Photon therapy 138, 139 Pimonidazole 154-5,158 Piontherapy 129,131, CIS-Platinum 205 Potentially lethal damage (PLD) 9,180,181 recovery from 11, 13 Predictive assays 6-7, Prostate carcinoma Proton therapy 129,139,140,142-3 Pulmonary toxicity, clinical measurement of 36-7 Radiation, cellular response to 1-8 Radiation carcinogenesis Radiation damage

5 blood vessels 11 non-stochastic 48 recovery from 1-4,6 stochastic 48 Radiation lethality syndromes 95 prominent examples of 96-7 Radiation myelopathy 38 Radiation pneumonitis 101 Radiation resistance 73-9 Radiation response end-points of modification of oftumours 9-15 Radiation risk estimates 51 Radiation sensitizers , 173 differential uptake dual function in clinical radiotherapy Radical radiotherapy 59,61 Radioactive iodine 51 Radiobiology, practical applications of 23-6 Radiofrequency beams, induction of hyperthermia by 214 Radionuclides, selection for diagnosis and therapy with monoclonal antibodies Radioprotectors 27 Radiosensitizers 5, 26-7 Radiotherapy combined with chemotherapy, see Combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy combined with hyperthermia ,224 interaction with hyperthermia Relative biological effect (RBE) 84,131-2 Renal damage combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy 188 development of 192 Renal function, combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy 188 Reoxygenation 13 Repair theory 3 RIF1 cells ,183,184 Ro RSU Salivary gland tumours 145 Sarcoma F tumour 169 Sarcoma 147,171,219,225 Scandium Second cancers 195 see also Radiation carcinogenesis Second tumours 126 Sensitizer enhancement ratio (SER) 5,178-9 Skin damage 89 Skin fractionation studies 24 Skin response in hyperthermia Skin tumours 126, 82 Small cell anaplastic lung cancer 95 Small cell carcinoma 226 Small intestine, combined radiotherapy and chemotherapy Source-skin distance (SSD) 89 Split course irradiation 66, 68, 90 Squamous cell cancer 67, SR Step-down sensitization 204 Sublethal radiation damage (SLD) 180, 181 recovery from 3 repair of 9, 13 Survival curves 1-4,73,74,76,77,185-7 for established human tumour cell lines 6 Surviving fraction T cell depletion of bone marrow 125 T cell lymphoma 160 Technetium-99m 235 Telangiectasia 48 Testis irradiation effects Testosterone levels 126 Thermal enhancement ratio (TER) 205,206 Thermometry in clinical hyperthermia 215,218 Thermotolerance in vivo and in vitro 204 molecular basis for 204 operational model 204 reviews 204 time course of 204 Thiols as radioprotectors 27 suppression of 157 Thoracic irradiation, low-dose-rate 102 Thrombocytopenia 99 Thyroid gland irradiation effects Thyroid tumours 51 Thyrotropic hormone (TSH) Thyroxine 108 Time dose factor (TDF) 54,56,84 Tissue culture lethal effects of radiation on mammalian cells in 1 practical application of 6-7 Tissue response, cellular basis of 23 Tongue implants 86 Total body irradiation (TBI) biological effects of 95 clinical aspects clinical problems 125 dosimetry 124 fractionated schedule 125 late effects 126 normal tissue effects radiation dose single-fraction 124, 125 therapeutic application of, 95 toxicity effects see also under specific organs Tourniquet hypoxia 27 Tumour cell kinetics 69,171 Tumour cell radiosensitivity 6

6 248 Tumour control at primary site 137 Tumour control probability 5 Tumour geometry 11 Tumour radiocurability 12 Tumour radiosensitizers 17 Tumour response biochemical assays 42 effect of different modalities 36 excisional assays 43 histological assessments 42 local control measurement of volume growth delay 40 Tumour shrinkage, measurements of 40-2 Tumour vasculature 11 Tumours cell populations within 9-10 radiation response of 9-15 Ultrasound 47 induction of hyperthermia by United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation (UNSCEAR) 48 Vascular architecture 18 Vascular perfusion 170 Vincristine 226 Whole body hyperthermia , Whole organ tolerance, single versus fractionated doses 98 WR Yttrium