Toxicity effects of seven Cu compounds/nps in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

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1 Toxiity effets of seven Cu ompounds/nps in Lettue (Ltu stiv) nd Alflf (Medigo stiv) Jie Hong, Lijun Zho, Cyren Rio, Jose R Perlt-Vide, Jorge Grde-Torresdey The University of Texs t El Pso UC-CEIN Theme 4 Nov, 213 Alflf Lettue 1

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3 Copper ompounds/nps Cu NPs, 4nm Cu Bulk, <6 µm CuO NPs, <5nm CuO Bulk, <5µm Cu(OH) 2 koide 25 (Fungiide/Bteriide) 53.8% Copper Hydroxide Cu(OH) 2 koide % Copper Hydroxide CuCl 2 3

4 Working hypotheses There should e onentrtion-dependent toxiity effet Ioni forms should e more toxi thn nnoprtiles Toxiity will e ssoited to plnt speies 4

5 Ojetives Study the Plnt growth (root nd shoot elongtion) upon Cu exposure. Determine the uptke of opper, miro, nd mro nutrients upon Cu exposure. Mesure the stress enzyme tivities (tlse nd sorte peroxidse) upon Cu exposure. 5

6 Methodology Hydroponi experiment Hoglnd s Nutrient Solution Plnt speies: Lettue nd Alflf Cultivtion: 1 dys in hydroponis with Hoglnd Nutrition solution efore tretment with: Cu NPs, Cu Bulk, CuO NPs, CuO Bulk, Cu(OH) 2 koide 25, Cu(OH) 2 koide 3, nd CuCl 2 Conentrtions:, 5, 1, 2 mg/l period: 15 dys 6

7 Seed Germintion Methodology Lettue Alflf Plnt Growth in Hydroponi System 7

8 Methodology Lettue Alflf CEM mirowve digestion mhine Indutively oupled plsm optil emission spetrometry (ICP-OES) 8

9 Lettue Cu NPs (, 5, 1, 2 ppm) CuO NPs (,5,1,2 ppm) Cu(OH)2-Koide3 (,5,1,2 ppm) Cu Bulk (,5,1,2 ppm) CuO Bulk (,5,1,2 ppm) Cu(OH)2-Koide25 (,5,1,2 ppm) CuCl2 (,5,1,2 ppm) 9

10 Alflf Cu NPs (, 5, 1, 2 ppm) CuO NPs (,5,1,2 ppm) Cu(OH)2-Koide3 (,5,1,2 ppm) Cu Bulk (,5,1,2 ppm) CuO Bulk (,5,1,2 ppm) Cu(OH)2-Koide25 (,5,1,2 ppm) CuCl2 (,5,1,2 ppm) 1

11 Root Length (m) Lettue root elongtion 35 3 * * * * * * * * ontrol 5 mg/l 1 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 5 Cu NPs Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 s 11

12 Root Length (m) Alflf root elongtion 35 * * * * * * * ontrol 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 5 Cu NPs Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 12

13 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) Cu uptke y Lettue Root 25 d d d 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 13

14 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) Cu uptke y Alflf Root d d * * * Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 14

15 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) Cu trnslotion to lettue shoot mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 1 Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 15

16 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) Cu trnslotion to lflf shoot * Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 16

17 Essentil elements in Plnts Element Symol mg/kg perent Mro Miro Nitrogen N 15, 1.5 Potssium K 1, 1. Clium C 5,.5 Mgnesium Mg 2,.2 Phosphorus P 2,.2 Sulfur S 1,.1 Chlorine Cl 1 -- Iron Fe 1 -- Boron B 2 -- Mngnese Mn 5 -- Zin Zn 2 -- Copper Cu 6 -- Molydenum Mo.1 -- Nikel Ni.1 -- Typil onentrtions suffiient for plnt growth. After E. Epstein. Tiz nd Zeiger "Minerl metolism" pp in: Plnt Biohemistry (J.Bonner nd J.E. Vrner, eds.) Ademi Press, London. 17

18 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) P uptke y lettue root * * * * * * * * mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l -2 Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 18

19 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) P uptke y lflf root 6 * ** * * * * * * 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 1 Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 19

20 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) P trnslotion to lettue shoot 7 6 * * * * * * mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 2

21 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) P trnslotion to lflf shoot * * * * * 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 2 mg/l 1 Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPsCuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 21

22 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) S uptke y lettue root mg/l 1 5 * * * 1 mg/l 2 mg/l Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 22

23 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) S uptke y lflf root * * * * Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 23

24 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) S trnslotion to lflf shoot * * 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 24

25 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) 25 Fe uptke y lettue root * * * * 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 25

26 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) Fe uptke y lflf root * * * * * mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 2 Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 26

27 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) 9 8 Fe trnslotion to lettue shoot * * Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 27

28 Conentrtion (mg/kg DW) Fe trnslotion to lflf shoot * * * 5 mg/l 1 mg/l 2 mg/l 1 Cu NPS Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl2 28

29 U mg-1 protein CAT Ativity in lflf root Cu NPs Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl

30 U mg-1 protein CAT Ativity in lflf shoot Cu NPs Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl

31 U mg-1 protein 4 APOX Ativity in Lettue Root Cu NPs Cu Bulk CuO NPs CuO Bulk KC25 KC3 CuCl

32 U mg-1 protein APOX Ativity in Alflf Root Cu NPs Cu Bulk 15 CuO NPs CuO Bulk 1 5 KC25 KC3 CuCl

33 Conlusions Root growth: At ll onentrtions, ll Cu ompounds/nps signifintly redued the root length in oth plnt speies. There ws no signifint differene etween ompound/np onentrtions. Shoot growth: At 2 mg/l Cu ulk, KC 25, KC3, nd CuCl 2 signifintly redued lettue shoot length. None of the tretments ffeted lflf shoot length. There ws speies-dependent toxiity effet on shoot length. 33

34 Conlusions As tretment onentrtion inresed: Cu uptke signifintly inresed in oth lettue nd lflf root in ll tretments. Cu trnslotion in lettue shoot ws similr to the ontrol ut it inresed in lflf shoot. P uptke signifintly deresed in oth lettue nd lflf root s ompred to the ontrols. P trnslotion deresed in lettue shoot, ut inresed in lflf shoot. S uptke inresed in oth lettue nd lflf root. S trnslotion inresed in lflf shoot, ut not in lettue shoot. 34

35 Ctlse tivity: Conlusions Compred to ontrol, ll tretments deresed CAT tivity in lflf (root nd shoot). No mjor effets were found in lettue root nd shoot. Asorte peroxidse tivity: Inresed in lettue root in ll tretments nd inresed in lflf root in only Cu NPs, Cu Bulk nd CuO NPs tretments. In lettue shoots, only KC 25 nd KC 3 inresed CAT tivity t higher onentrtion (2 mg/l). Therefore Overll Cu Ioni forms showed higher toxiity. Cu/CuO NPs re more toxi thn Cu/CuO Bulk mterils. The toxiity ws ssoited to plnt speies. 35

36 Aknowledgement 36

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