The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene on. Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas as a Manifestation of Cowden Syndrome: A Case Report
|
|
- Marshall Page
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 SPECIAL FEATURE Case Report Neuroendocrine Tumor of the Pancreas as a Manifestation of Cowden Syndrome: A Case Report V. Neychev, S. M. Sadowski, J. Zhu, M. Allgaeuer, K. Kilian, P. Meltzer, and E. Kebebew Endocrine Oncology Branch (V.N., S.M.S., E.K.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; Molecular Genetics Section (J.Z., K.K., P.M.), Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892; and Laboratory of Pathology (M.A.), National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Context: Germline mutations in the phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) tumor suppressor gene are found in the majority of patients with Cowden syndrome (CS), who have an increased risk of breast, thyroid, and endometrial cancer. According to our current understanding of genetic changes in the PTEN gene and the resultant phenotypic features of CS, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) are not considered part of the clinical spectrum of CS. Case description: We report a unique case of an advanced NET of the pancreas in a patient with CS. The germline DNA sequencing confirmed the clinical diagnosis of CS and revealed a PTEN mutation c.697c3t (p.r233*) causing a premature stop codon in exon 7. The tumor DNA sequencing showed no loss of heterozygosity or any copy number changes and no other deleterious genetic alterations, including those commonly mutated in sporadic pancreatic NETs: MEN1, ATRX, DAXX, TP53, and genes involved in the mammalian target of rapamycin pathway. In addition, the high-throughput transcriptome analyzed by RNA-seq did not reveal any missed genetic alterations, aberrant splicing variants, gene fusions, or gene expression alterations. The immunohistochemical staining of the tumor for PTEN revealed an abnormal, uniformly strong cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells with virtually absent nuclear staining. Conclusion: The results from genetic testing and histopathological techniques used to confirm CS diagnosis and characterize this unusual tumor tempted us to believe that in this case, the pancreatic NET was not a sporadic malignancy that occurred by coincidence, but rather represented a new entity in the spectrum of malignancies associated with CS. (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 101: , 2016) ISSN Print X ISSN Online Printed in USA Copyright 2016 by the Endocrine Society Received October 14, Accepted December 15, First Published Online December 17, 2015 The phosphatase and tensin homolog (PTEN) gene on chromosome 10 encodes a protein with lipid phosphatase function and is a known tumor suppressor gene that negatively regulates the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-AKT and mammalian target of rapamycin (mtor) signaling pathways (1). Germline mutations in the PTEN gene have been linked to Cowden syndrome (CS) and several other related disorders including Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome, Lhermitte-Duclos disease, and Proteus syndrome, collectively known as PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) (1 3). CS, the principal PHTS, is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by macrocephaly and an increased risk of benign (hamartomas of the skin and colon) and malignant (breast, thyroid, endometrial, and renal) tumors (4, 5). Although CS shares common genetic etiology and several clinical features with the other PTEN-related disorders, the rarity of phenotypic heterogeneity and the variable clinical presentation pose a significant diagnostic and management challenge. Since the initial proposed diag- Abbreviations: CS, Cowden syndrome; CT, computed tomography; LOH, loss of heterozygosity; MEN1, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1; mtor, mammalian target of rapamycin; NET, neuroendocrine tumor; PHTS, PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome; PTEN, phosphatase and tensin homolog. doi: /jc J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2016, 101(2): press.endocrine.org/journal/jcem 353
2 354 Neychev et al Cowden Syndrome and Pancreatic NETs J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2016, 101(2): Figure 1. Pedigree and diagnostic criteria for CS. A, Patient s (proband) family tree in four generations. The patient s three children are 5 to 11 years of age. B, Revised operational diagnostic criteria for CS (7). nostic criteria, there have been several consensus statements and revisions to encompass the growing list of CS clinical features (2, 6 9). It is therefore important to thoroughly document and report genetic and phenotypic features of CS, which will help to expand our knowledge and contribute to a better understanding, characterization, and management of this complex disorder and ultimately impact the outcome of patients with PHTS by early diagnosis and treatment (10). Here, we report the genotype-phenotype correlation of a unique case of advanced, progressive, pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor (NET) as an unusual manifestation and a presenting feature in a patient with CS. Case Report A 51-year-old gentleman presented with a 1-week history of jaundice and increasing upper abdominal pain. His rich family history and past medical history of macrocephaly, multiple intestinal polyps, skin hamartomas, lipomas, and thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer at age 38 years were highly suggestive of the clinical diagnosis of CS (Figure 1, A and B). At the initial evaluation, the patient had icterus, upper abdominal pain, no lymphadenopathy, and stigmata of CS including macrocephaly and facial papillomatous papules. The remainder of his physical examination was unremarkable. A computed tomography (CT) scan of the chest, abdomen, and pelvis at that time revealed a large (9 8 4 cm) ill-defined mass of the head and neck of the pancreas, invading the celiac axis; encasing the celiac artery, superior mesenteric, and splenic arteries and veins; and compressing the portal vein confluence. There were several enlarged locoregional lymph nodes. He underwent endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of the pancreatic mass and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for biliary stent placement and biliary decompression. The cytopathological features of fine-needle aspiration specimen and positive immunohistochemical staining for chromogranin A and synaptophysin were consistent with a tumor of neuroendocrine cell origin, stage ut4n1mx determined by endoscopic sonography. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy with a planned Whipple procedure for complete tumor resection; however, this proved not to be feasible, and debulking of the tumor invading the celiac area with a bypass hepaticojejunostomy and gastrojejunostomy was performed. The pathological evaluation of the tumor showed a well-differentiated, World Health Organization grade 1 NET with a Ki-67 2% and involved margins. Immunohistochemistry was positive for chromogranin A and synaptophysin (Figure 2). The patient recovered from surgery well and, within 1 year after the procedure, underwent tumor ablation by NanoKnife technique, which was not successful. He had two cycles of chemotherapy with streptozocin and doxorubicin without any response. The chemotherapy regimen was switched to capecitabine and temozolomide; however, the therapy was halted because he developed a profound thrombocytopenia necessitating multiple transfusions of blood products. Follow-up CT and magnetic resonance imaging showed that disease had progressed and the primary tumor size increased from 9 to 12 cm in its greatest dimension.
3 doi: /jc press.endocrine.org/journal/jcem 355 Figure 2. Tumor immunohistochemistry. A, Hematoxylin and eosin-stained section of pancreatic NET (20 magnification). B, Immunohistochemistry for chromogranin A (20 magnification; brown color). C, Immunohistochemistry for synaptophysin (20 magnification; brown color). D, Immunohistochemistry for PTEN showing strong cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells (brown color) with absent nuclear staining. The patient underwent genetic counseling and was referred to the Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, for further evaluation and screening for enrollment in a clinical trial of mutation targeting therapy with sunitinib (a polytyrosine kinase inhibitor) or everolimus (an mtor inhibitor), which are among the few available therapeutic options for patients with advanced, progressive, unresectable, low- or intermediategrade pancreatic NETs (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT ) (11). Recommendations were also made for genetic counseling and consideration for genetic testing of the patient s family members who meet the diagnostic criteria for CS; interested family members will be evaluated and followed up. The patient s workup included histopathological characterization, grading, immunohistochemistry, and tumor genotyping by next-generation sequencing and anatomic and functional imaging including CT and 68-Gallium DOTATATE-PET/CT (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT ) (Figure 3). The results from the laboratory workup for biomarkers were consistent with a nonfunctional pancreatic NET, but with a chromogranin A level of 436 ng/ml (normal level ⱕ 93 ng/ml), slightly elevated 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid to 12 mg/24 hours (normal level ⱕ 8 mg/24 h), and normal gastrin (50 pg/ml), neuron specific enolase (6.2 ng/ml), glucagon (57 pg/ml), vasointestinal peptide (28 pg/ml), and pancreatic polypeptide ( 40 pg/ml). As part of the screening process for the mutation targeting trial, tumor DNA was sequenced, and variants were analyzed relative to peripheral blood DNA in 500 genes associated with a broad spectrum of cancers. The gene panel coding region was sequenced to an average coverage of more than 100. Blood DNA served as a germline reference to gauge somatic mutation status. Sequencing of whole transcriptome (RNA-seq) was used as an additional control and for validation ( Supplemental Figure 1). Results of the germline sequencing revealed a PTEN, nonsense mutation c.697c3 T (p.r233*) causing a premature stop codon in exon 7, which encodes a portion of the C2 domain of the PTEN protein. This finding confirmed the clinical diagnosis of CS because up to 80 85% of patients who meet the diagnostic criteria carry a germline mutation in the PTEN gene (8, 12). The tumor DNA sequencing did not show loss of heterozygosity (LOH) or any copy number changes, and there were no other deleterious genetic alterations in the rest of the genes in the
4 356 Neychev et al Cowden Syndrome and Pancreatic NETs J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2016, 101(2): Figure 3. Imaging studies of the pancreatic NET. A, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET maximal intensity projection image showing a large central lesion in the abdomen (red arrow). B, 68Ga-DOTATATE PET/CT image showing the pancreatic head mass with a maximum standardized uptake value of 58 (red arrow). C, Arterial phase CT showing corresponding mass (red arrow). panel, including those commonly mutated in sporadic pancreatic NETs: MEN1, ATRX, DAXX, TP53, and genes involved in the mtor pathway (13). In addition, the high-throughput transcriptome analyzed by RNAseq did not reveal any missed genetic alterations, aberrant splicing variants, gene fusions, or gene expression alterations. Specifically, there were no large structural rearrangements in the PTEN gene or mutations or deletions in the PTEN promoter region that could have resulted in reduced PTEN expression. We further sought to find a possible effect on PTEN protein expression or an aberrant subcellular compartmentalization of the protein because it has recently been shown that normal pancreatic islets exhibit predominant nuclear PTEN expression, whereas malignant cells have lower nuclear protein levels (10, 14, 15). Consistent with the results of these previous studies, the immunohistochemical staining of the tumor tissue for PTEN revealed uniformly strong cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells with virtually absent nuclear staining (Figure 2). This finding hinted at a possible causative association of PTEN germline mutation with the pancreatic NET. The results from genetic testing and histopathological techniques used to confirm CS diagnosis and characterize this unusual tumor tempted us to believe that in this case the pancreatic NET was not a sporadic malignancy that occurred by coincidence, but rather represented a new entity in the spectrum of malignancies associated with CS. Discussion CS is an autosomal dominant, multisystem disorder of the PHTS spectrum associated with germline mutations in the PTEN tumor suppressor gene located on 10q23.3 (3). Patients with CS have characteristic macrocephaly, benign mucocutaneous lesions, and increased risk of breast, thyroid, endometrial, colorectal, and renal cancers. The clinical diagnosis of CS is made when an individual meets the revised operational diagnostic criteria adopted by the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (Figure 1) (7). Once the diagnosis of CS is established, genetic counseling should be offered, and testing for germline PTEN mutation can be undertaken. Although any individual phenotypic feature of CS is nonspecific and can often be seen in the general population, our patient had a personal and family history highly suggestive of CS, which was confirmed by the presence of a nonsense (p.r233*) germline mutation in exon 7 of the PTEN gene. However, according to our current stage of knowledge, pancreatic NETs are not considered part of the clinical spectrum of CS because they have not thus far been described in patients with this disorder. There were several possible scenarios that could explain, at least in part, how these two seemingly distinct entities could have coincided. First, we contemplated that, by virtue of the tumor suppressor paradigm, the pancreatic NET could have occurred by chance due to a second hit somatic LOH of the wild-type 10q23 region. This possibility was supported by the fact that the 10q23 region and PTEN tumor suppressor gene are among the most frequent targets for LOH and point mutations identified in a variety of human malignancies including pancreatic, brain, breast, endometrial, and prostate cancers (6, 12, 13, 16). The second option was that it occurred coincidentally as a sporadic, nonfamilial cancer due to mutation(s) in other genes frequently associated with sporadic pancreatic NETs. This scenario was supported by the findings of a large-scale whole exome sequencing study of sporadic pancreatic NETs showing that the majority (nearly 90%) of these tumors harbor genetic alterations in MEN1, ATRX, DAXX, TP53, and genes in mtor pathway (13). However, in our case, the tumor tissue DNA sequencing did not identify LOH, and there was no copy alteration
5 doi: /jc press.endocrine.org/journal/jcem 357 in PTEN; neither did it reveal other deleterious genetic alterations in the rest of the genes in the panel including those commonly mutated in sporadic pancreatic NETs. In addition, the analysis of RNA-seq data did not reveal any missed genetic alterations, aberrant splicing variants, gene fusions, or gene expression alterations. The third possibility was that this unusual tumor was actually part of another familial cancer syndrome associated with pancreatic NETs such as Von Hippel-Lindau, multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1), neurofibromatosis type 1, or tuberous sclerosis. This possibility was supported by the fact that besides the NET of the pancreas, the differential diagnosis of mucocutaneous lesions, which are the primary and pathognomonic feature of CS, includes neurofibromatosis type 1, MEN1, and tuberous sclerosis (1). However, no other germline alterations were found that could explain the occurrence of this unusual pancreatic NET and link it to another heritable cancer syndrome. The notion that, for a true loss-of-function effect to occur, loss of both functional copies is required in many, but not all, tumor suppressor genes may help to explain how this unique pancreatic NET has occurred in our CS patient in the absence of a biallelic PTEN event (16, 17). It is possible that germline inactivation of one of the PTEN alleles may be sufficient for a tumor-promoting effect by itself or in combination with disease-modifying alterations in other genes not covered by the gene panel used in this study. In this line of thought, it has recently been demonstrated that catalytically inactive cancer-associated PTEN mutants heterodimerize with the wild-type PTEN and constrain its phosphatase activity in a dominant-negative manner (17). Furthermore, the possibility for a posttranslational epigenetic modification and resultant inactivation of the second allele or an aberrant subcellular compartmentalization of PTEN should also be considered (10, 14). In this regard, it has been shown that normal pancreatic islets exhibit homogenous predominant nuclear PTEN expression, whereas malignant cells have lower nuclear PTEN levels (14, 15). In our case, we found that tumor cells exhibited a robust cytoplasmic PTEN localization with practically absent nuclear PTEN staining. Taken together, in light of evidence from the literature reviewed above, our findings enable us to speculate that the p.r233* mutation in one of the alleles was, perhaps, sufficient to cause an abnormal cytoplasmic subcellular compartmentalization or exert a dominant-negative effect over wild-type PTEN protein, leading to the development of the pancreatic NET. Analysis of PTEN germline alterations in one of the largest series of CS patients with identified pathogenic mutations (n 290) showed that the majority (61%) were nonsense (32%) and missense (29%) mutations (18). There were mutation hotspots clustered primarily in exon 5 encoding the phosphatase domain and exon 7 corresponding to the portion of the lipid-binding C2 domain. Of these, the p.r233* mutation was identified in 10 patients with breast, endometrial, colon, thyroid, and renal cancers. Somatic PTEN alterations and LOH are commonly identified in a variety of sporadic tumors that are also common in CS such as breast, endometrial, and thyroid cancers, but also in cancers of the prostate, central nervous system, lung, liver, melanoma, and pancreas, including pancreatic NETs. According to the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer database, of 3383 unique cancer samples with mutations, the p.r233* PTEN mutation was commonly identified in endometrial (n 62), central nervous system (n 16), and colon cancer (n 11), but it has not been described in pancreatic NETs. Given the growing accessibility of tumor profiling at the genetic, molecular, and cellular level, the diagnosis, prognosis, and development of new therapeutic strategies for patients with CS in the future will increasingly rely on understanding and integrating the effects of genetic changes in the PTEN gene with the resultant diverse and expanding syndromic phenotype. Therefore, thorough documentation, characterization, and reporting of cases of CS with unique clinical feature and outlining genotypephenotype correlation with the underlying PTEN genetic alterations is important for promoting our understanding of this complex disorder and improving management options for the patients and their families. In conclusion, our findings lead us to believe that in this case, the pancreatic NET might not represent a sporadic, coincidental tumor, but rather a new feature in the spectrum of malignancies associated with CS. Acknowledgments Address all correspondence and requests for reprints to: Electron Kebebew, MD, Endocrine Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD kebebewe@mail.nih.gov. This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute (NCT ). Disclosure Summary: The authors have nothing to declare. References 1. Hobert JA, Eng C. PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: an overview. Genet Med. 2009;11(10): Pilarski R. Cowden syndrome: a critical review of the clinical literature. J Genet Couns. 2009;18(1): Liaw D, Marsh DJ, Li J, et al. Germline mutations of the PTEN gene
6 358 Neychev et al Cowden Syndrome and Pancreatic NETs J Clin Endocrinol Metab, February 2016, 101(2): in Cowden disease, an inherited breast and thyroid cancer syndrome. Nat Genet. 1997;16(1): Marsh DJ, Dahia PL, Coulon V, et al. Allelic imbalance, including deletion of PTEN/MMACI, at the Cowden disease locus on 10q22 23, in hamartomas from patients with Cowden syndrome and germline PTEN mutation. Genes Chromosomes Cancer. 1998;21(1): Marsh DJ, Kum JB, Lunetta KL, et al. PTEN mutation spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations in Bannayan-Riley-Ruvalcaba syndrome suggest a single entity with Cowden syndrome. Hum Mol Genet. 1999;8(8): Steck PA, Pershouse MA, Jasser SA, et al. Identification of a candidate tumour suppressor gene, MMAC1, at chromosome 10q23.3 that is mutated in multiple advanced cancers. Nat Genet. 1997; 15(4): Pilarski R, Burt R, Kohlman W, Pho L, Shannon KM, Swisher E. Cowden syndrome and the PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome: systematic review and revised diagnostic criteria. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2013;105(21): Pilarski R, Eng C. Will the real Cowden syndrome please stand up (again)? Expanding mutational and clinical spectra of the PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome. J Med Genet. 2004;41(5): Salem OS, Steck WD. Cowden s disease (multiple hamartoma and neoplasia syndrome). A case report and review of the English literature. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1983;8(5): Orloff MS, Eng C. Genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity in the PTEN hamartoma tumour syndrome. Oncogene. 2008;27(41): Neychev V, Steinberg SM, Cottle-Delisle C, et al. Mutation-targeted therapy with sunitinib or everolimus in patients with advanced lowgrade or intermediate-grade neuroendocrine tumours of the gastrointestinal tract and pancreas with or without cytoreductive surgery: protocol for a phase II clinical trial [published online May 19, 2015]. BMJ Open. doi: /bmjopen Eng C. Genetics of Cowden syndrome: through the looking glass of oncology. Int J Oncol. 1998;12(3): Jiao Y, Shi C, Edil BH, et al. DAXX/ATRX, MEN1, and mtor pathway genes are frequently altered in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors. Science. 2011;331(6021): Perren A, Komminoth P, Saremaslani P, et al. Mutation and expression analyses reveal differential subcellular compartmentalization of PTEN in endocrine pancreatic tumors compared to normal islet cells. Am J Pathol. 2000;157(4): Ginn-Pease ME, Eng C. Increased nuclear phosphatase and tensin homologue deleted on chromosome 10 is associated with G0 G1 in MCF-7 cells. Cancer Res. 2003;63(2): Sansal I, Sellers WR. The biology and clinical relevance of the PTEN tumor suppressor pathway. J Clin Oncol. 2004;22(14): Papa A, Wan L, Bonora M, et al. Cancer-associated PTEN mutants act in a dominant-negative manner to suppress PTEN protein function. Cell. 2014;157(3): Tan MH, Mester J, Peterson C, et al. A clinical scoring system for selection of patients for PTEN mutation testing is proposed on the basis of a prospective study of 3042 probands. Am J Hum Genet. 2011;88(1):42 56.
FEP Medical Policy Manual
FEP Medical Policy Manual Effective Date: July 15, 2018 Related Policies: None Genetic Testing for PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome Description The PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome (PHTS) includes several syndromes
More informationCowden Syndrome PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome. ACCME/Disclosure. 1. Background. Outline
MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL PATHOLOGY Cowden Syndrome PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome ACCME/Disclosure Vania Nosé, MD, PhD Professor of Pathology Director of Anatomic Pathology
More informationPopulations Interventions Comparators Outcomes Individuals: With clinical signs of a PTEN hamartoma tumor syndrome. are:
Protocol Genetic Testing for PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome (20488) Medical Benefit Effective Date: 07/01/14 Next Review Date: 05/18 Preauthorization Yes Review Dates: 05/13, 05/14, 05/15, 05/16, 05/17
More informationInformation for You and Your Family
Information for You and Your Family What is Prevention? Cancer prevention is action taken to lower the chance of getting cancer. In 2017, more than 1.6 million people will be diagnosed with cancer in the
More informationCorporate Medical Policy
Corporate Medical Policy Genetic Testing for PTEN Hamartoma Tumor Syndrome File Name: Origination: Last CAP Review: Next CAP Review: Last Review: genetic_testing_for_pten_hamartoma_tumor_syndrome 4/2013
More informationRelated Policies None
Medical Policy MP 2.04.88 BCBSA Ref. Policy: 2.04.88 Last Review: 02/26/2018 Effective Date: 02/26/2018 Section: Medicine Related Policies None DISCLAIMER Our medical policies are designed for informational
More informationCase Scenario 1. Discharge Summary
Case Scenario 1 Discharge Summary A 69-year-old woman was on vacation and noted that she was becoming jaundiced. Two months prior to leaving on that trip, she had had a workup that included an abdominal
More informationPDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen
PDF hosted at the Radboud Repository of the Radboud University Nijmegen The following full text is a publisher's version. For additional information about this publication click this link. http://hdl.handle.net/2066/108891
More informationPrior Authorization. Additional Information:
Genetic Testing for Cowden Syndrome - PTEN Gene MP9488 Covered Service: Prior Authorization Required: Additional Information: Yes when meets criteria below Yes as shown below Pre and post-test genetic
More informationCancers of unknown primary : Knowing the unknown. Prof. Ahmed Hossain Professor of Medicine SSMC
Cancers of unknown primary : Knowing the unknown Prof. Ahmed Hossain Professor of Medicine SSMC Definition Cancers of unknown primary site (CUPs) Represent a heterogeneous group of metastatic tumours,
More informationResult Navigator. Positive Test Result: PTEN. After a positive test result, there can be many questions about what to do next. Navigate Your Results
Result Navigator Positive Test Result: PTEN Positive test results identify a change, or misspelling, of DNA that is known or predicted to cause an increased risk for cancer. DNA is the blueprint of life
More informationPRINCESS MARGARET CANCER CENTRE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES
PRINCESS MARGARET CANCER CENTRE CLINICAL PRACTICE GUIDELINES GASTROINTESTINAL NEUROENDOCRINE GASTRO-ENTERO-PANCREATIC TUMOURS GI Site Group Neuroendocrine gastro-entero-pancreatic tumours Authors: Dr.
More informationCase Scenario 1: Thyroid
Case Scenario 1: Thyroid History and Physical Patient is an otherwise healthy 80 year old female with the complaint of a neck mass first noticed two weeks ago. The mass has increased in size and is palpable.
More informationOncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber
Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressors MCB 5068 November 12, 2013 Jason Weber jweber@dom.wustl.edu Oncogenes & Cancer DNA Tumor Viruses Simian Virus 40 p300 prb p53 Large T Antigen Human Adenovirus p300 E1A
More informationSupplementary Tables. Supplementary Figures
Supplementary Files for Zehir, Benayed et al. Mutational Landscape of Metastatic Cancer Revealed from Prospective Clinical Sequencing of 10,000 Patients Supplementary Tables Supplementary Table 1: Sample
More informationAn Unexpected Cause of Hypoglycemia
An Unexpected Cause of Hypoglycemia Stacey A. Milan, MD FACS Surgical Oncology Nothing to disclose Disclosures Objectives Identify indications for workup of hypoglycemia Define work up for hypoglycemic
More informationIdentification of a novel duplication mutation in the VHL gene in a large Chinese family with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome
Identification of a novel duplication mutation in the VHL gene in a large Chinese family with Von Hippel-Lindau (VHL) syndrome L.H. Cao 1, B.H. Kuang 2, C. Chen 1, C. Hu 2, Z. Sun 1, H. Chen 2, S.S. Wang
More informationPancreas Quizzes c. Both A and B a. Directly into the blood stream (not using ducts)
Pancreas Quizzes Quiz 1 1. The pancreas produces hormones. Which type of hormone producing organ is the pancreas? a. Endocrine b. Exocrine c. Both A and B d. Neither A or B 2. Endocrine indicates hormones
More informationPancreas Case Scenario #1
Pancreas Case Scenario #1 An 85 year old white female presented to her primary care physician with increasing abdominal pain. On 8/19 she had a CT scan of the abdomen and pelvis. This showed a 4.6 cm mass
More informationCANCER GENETICS PROVIDER SURVEY
Dear Participant, Previously you agreed to participate in an evaluation of an education program we developed for primary care providers on the topic of cancer genetics. This is an IRB-approved, CDCfunded
More information21/07/2017. CS Verbeke. Non-neoplastic disease of the pancreas PATHOLOGY OF NON-NEOPLASTIC PANCREATIC DISEASES
Non-neoplastic disease of the pancreas No indication for surgical resection of non-neoplastic disease (except end-stage chronic pancreatitis) Unexpected benign disease in 5-13% of pancreatic resections
More informationColor Codes Pathology and Genetics Medicine and Clinical Pathology Surgery Imaging
Saturday, November 5, 2005 8:30-10:30 a. m. Poorly Differentiated Endocrine Carcinomas Chairman: E. Van Cutsem, Leuven, Belgium 9:00-9:30 a. m. Working Group Sessions Pathology and Genetics Group leaders:
More informationA Case of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor presenting Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Type 1
A Case of Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor presenting Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Patient with Neurofibromatosis Xueyu Sun 1, Yanan Yu 1, Yueping Jiang 1, Deming Li 1 1 Department of Gastroenterology, The
More informationThe PI3K/AKT axis. Dr. Lucio Crinò Medical Oncology Division Azienda Ospedaliera-Perugia. Introduction
The PI3K/AKT axis Dr. Lucio Crinò Medical Oncology Division Azienda Ospedaliera-Perugia Introduction Phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathway are a family of lipid kinases discovered in 1980s. They have
More informationDiagnosing and monitoring NET
Diagnosing and monitoring NET Inaccurate or delayed diagnosis of neuroendocrine tumors (NET) is common, because many NET are small and asymptomatic. 1 When symptoms are present, they are usually nonspecific
More informationFigure S4. 15 Mets Whole Exome. 5 Primary Tumors Cancer Panel and WES. Next Generation Sequencing
Figure S4 Next Generation Sequencing 15 Mets Whole Exome 5 Primary Tumors Cancer Panel and WES Get coverage of all variant loci for all three Mets Variant Filtering Sequence Alignments Index and align
More informationSystemic Therapy for Pheos/Paras: Somatostatin analogues, small molecules, immunotherapy and other novel approaches in the works.
Systemic Therapy for Pheos/Paras: Somatostatin analogues, small molecules, immunotherapy and other novel approaches in the works. Arturo Loaiza-Bonilla, MD, FACP Assistant Professor of Clinical Medicine
More informationTumor suppressor genes D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L
Tumor suppressor genes 1 D R. S H O S S E I N I - A S L What is a Tumor Suppressor Gene? 2 A tumor suppressor gene is a type of cancer gene that is created by loss-of function mutations. In contrast to
More informationDifferential localisation of hamartin and tuberin and increased S6 phosphorylation in a tuber
Differential localisation of hamartin and tuberin in a tuber 10 Differential localisation of hamartin and tuberin and increased S6 phosphorylation in a tuber Floor Jansen*, Robbert Notenboom*, Mark Nellist*,
More information6/8/17. Genetics 101. Professor, College of Medicine. President & Chief Medical Officer. Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2017
Genetics 101 Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2017 Rebecca Sutphen, MD, FACMG Professor, College of Medicine President & Chief Medical Officer INVASIVE CANCER GENETICALLY ALTERED CELL HYPERPLASIA DYSPLASIA
More informationActivation of cellular proto-oncogenes to oncogenes. How was active Ras identified?
Dominant Acting Oncogenes Eugene E. Marcantonio, M.D. Ph.D. Oncogenes are altered forms of normal cellular genes called proto-oncogenes that are involved in pathways regulating cell growth, differentiation,
More informationMEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: GENETIC TESTING FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY TO HEREDITARY CANCERS EFFECTIVE DATE: 06/19/14, 09/15/15.
MEDICAL POLICY SUBJECT: GENETIC TESTING FOR SUSCEPTIBILITY PAGE: 1 OF: 7 If the member's subscriber contract excludes coverage for a specific service it is not covered under that contract. In such cases,
More informationGenetics and Genomics in Endocrinology
Genetics and Genomics in Endocrinology Dr. Peter Igaz MD MSc PhD 2 nd Department of Medicine Faculty of Medicine Semmelweis University Genetics-based endocrine diseases I. Monogenic diseases: Multiple
More informationA case of tuberous sclerosis complex with concomitant primary hyperparathyroidism due to parathyroid adenoma: a case report
Shinzato and Ikehara World Journal of Surgical Oncology (2015) 13:106 DOI 10.1186/s12957-015-0520-y WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY CASE REPORT A case of tuberous sclerosis complex with concomitant
More informationLong-Term Effect of External Beam Radiotherapy of Optic Disc Hemangioma in a Patient with von Hippel-Lindau Disease
2011 65 2 135 141 Long-Term Effect of External Beam Radiotherapy of Optic Disc Hemangioma in a Patient with von Hippel-Lindau Disease a* b c c d e f g a b c f g d e 136 65 2 ʼ ʼ ʼ April 2011 Radiation
More informationFamilial and Hereditary Colon Cancer
Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, FACG, FASGE, FACP GI Section Chief, Minneapolis VAMC Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of
More informationCURRENT GENETIC TESTING TOOLS IN NEONATAL MEDICINE. Dr. Bahar Naghavi
2 CURRENT GENETIC TESTING TOOLS IN NEONATAL MEDICINE Dr. Bahar Naghavi Assistant professor of Basic Science Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran,Iran 3 Introduction Over 4000
More informationCholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer)
Cholangiocarcinoma (Bile Duct Cancer) The Bile Duct System (Biliary Tract) A network of bile ducts (tubes) connects the liver and the gallbladder to the small intestine. This network begins in the liver
More informationThe diagnostic and prognostic value of genetic aberrations in resectable distal bile duct cancer Rijken, A.M.
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository) The diagnostic and prognostic value of genetic aberrations in resectable distal bile duct cancer Rijken, A.M. Link to publication Citation for published version (APA):
More informationGreater Manchester and Cheshire HPB Unit Guidelines for the Assessment & Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease Chapter 14
Greater Manchester and Cheshire HPB Unit Guidelines for the Assessment & Management of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Disease Chapter 14 Contents 14. Neuroendocrine Tumours 161 14.1. Diagnostic algorithm
More informationMultistep nature of cancer development. Cancer genes
Multistep nature of cancer development Phenotypic progression loss of control over cell growth/death (neoplasm) invasiveness (carcinoma) distal spread (metastatic tumor) Genetic progression multiple genetic
More informationIdentification of patients suggestive of hereditary breast and ovarian cancer syndrome that warrants further professional evaluation.
Allina Breast Program Committee Consensus Guidelines These guidelines apply to clinical interventions that have well-documented outcomes, but whose outcomes are not clearly desirable to all patients Identification
More informationperformed to help sway the clinician in what the appropriate diagnosis is, which can substantially alter the treatment of management.
Hello, I am Maura Polansky at the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center. I am a Physician Assistant in the Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology and the Program Director for Physician
More informationASSESSING THE PRACTICES OF GENETIC COUNSELORS REGARDING HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE MEASUREMENT IN HEREDITARY CANCER ASSESSMENT. Amanda Sue Matchette
ASSESSING THE PRACTICES OF GENETIC COUNSELORS REGARDING HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE MEASUREMENT IN HEREDITARY CANCER ASSESSMENT by Amanda Sue Matchette Bachelor of Science, Susquehanna University, 2009 Master of
More informationGermline Testing for Hereditary Cancer with Multigene Panel
Germline Testing for Hereditary Cancer with Multigene Panel Po-Han Lin, MD Department of Medical Genetics National Taiwan University Hospital 2017-04-20 Disclosure No relevant financial relationships with
More informationHereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer Rebecca Sutphen, MD, FACMG
Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer 2015 Rebecca Sutphen, MD, FACMG Among a consecutive series of 11,159 women requesting BRCA testing over one year, 3874 responded to a mailed survey. Most respondents
More informationGenetic Testing for Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes. C. Richard Boland, MD La Jolla, CA January 21, 2017
Genetic Testing for Familial Gastrointestinal Cancer Syndromes C. Richard Boland, MD La Jolla, CA January 21, 2017 Disclosure Information C. Richard Boland, MD I have no financial relationships to disclose.
More informationNET und NEC. Endoscopic and oncologic therapy
NET und NEC Endoscopic and oncologic therapy Classification well-differentiated NET - G1 and G2 - carcinoid poorly-differentiated NEC - G3 - like SCLC well differentiated NET G3 -> elevated proliferation
More informationCélia DeLozier-Blanchet
The Genetics Consultation in OB-GYN : Hereditary cancers Célia DeLozier-Blanchet Division of Medical Genetics, Geneva University Hospital It is probable that all cancers are genetic! genetic vs. hereditary
More informationComputational Systems Biology: Biology X
Bud Mishra Room 1002, 715 Broadway, Courant Institute, NYU, New York, USA L#4:(October-0-4-2010) Cancer and Signals 1 2 1 2 Evidence in Favor Somatic mutations, Aneuploidy, Copy-number changes and LOH
More informationPNET 3/7/2015. GI and Pancreatic NETs. The Postgraduate Course in Breast and Endocrine Surgery. Decision Tree. GI and Pancreatic NETs.
GI and Pancreatic NETs The Postgraduate Course in Breast and Endocrine Surgery Disclosures Ipsen NET Advisory Board Marines Memorial Club and Hotel San Francisco, CA Eric K Nakakura San Francisco, CA March
More information27
26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 Diagnosis:? Diagnosis: Juvenile Polyposis with BMPR1A Mutation 36 Juvenile Polyposis Syndrome Rare Autosomal Dominant Disorder with Multiple Juvenile Polyps in GI Tract Juvenile
More informationGENETICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER: HEREDITARY ASPECTS By. Magnitude of the Problem. Magnitude of the Problem. Cardinal Features of Lynch Syndrome
GENETICS OF COLORECTAL CANCER: HEREDITARY ASPECTS By HENRY T. LYNCH, M.D. 1 Could this be hereditary Colon Cancer 4 Creighton University School of Medicine Omaha, Nebraska Magnitude of the Problem Annual
More informationManagement of Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors
Management of Pancreatic Islet Cell Tumors Ravi Dhanisetty, MD November 5, 2009 Morbidity and Mortality Conference Case Presentation 42 yr female with chronic abdominal pain. PMHx: Uterine fibroids Medications:
More informationCancer genetics
Cancer genetics General information about tumorogenesis. Cancer induced by viruses. The role of somatic mutations in cancer production. Oncogenes and Tumor Suppressor Genes (TSG). Hereditary cancer. 1
More informationJulide Tok Çelebi, Hui C Tsou, Fei Fei Chen, Hong Zhang, Xiao Li Ping, Mark G Lebwohl, JeVrey Kezis, Monica Peacocke
360 J Med Genet 1999;36:360 364 Original articles Department of Dermatology, Columbia Presbyterian Hospital, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, New
More informationB Base excision repair, in MUTYH-associated polyposis and colorectal cancer, BRAF testing, for hereditary colorectal cancer, 696
Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adenomatous polyposis, familial. See Familial adenomatous polyposis. Anal anastomosis, ileal-pouch, proctocolectomy with, in FAP, 591
More informationDOES THE BRCAX GENE EXIST? FUTURE OUTLOOK
CHAPTER 6 DOES THE BRCAX GENE EXIST? FUTURE OUTLOOK Genetic research aimed at the identification of new breast cancer susceptibility genes is at an interesting crossroad. On the one hand, the existence
More informationWHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME DNA PROTEIN. A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins.
WHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME GENE DNA A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins. The proteins have specific jobs that help your body work normally. PROTEIN 1 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE
More informationLung Cancer in Women: A Different Disease? James J. Stark, MD, FACP
Lung Cancer in Women: A Different Disease? James J. Stark, MD, FACP Medical Director, Cancer Program and Director of Palliative Care Maryview Medical Center Professor of Medicine Eastern Virginia Medical
More informationCase Report Pancreas as Delayed Site of Metastasis from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
Case Reports in Gastrointestinal Medicine Volume 2013, Article ID 386263, 4 pages http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/386263 Case Report Pancreas as Delayed Site of Metastasis from Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma
More informationCancer Genomics 101. BCCCP 2015 Annual Meeting
Cancer Genomics 101 BCCCP 2015 Annual Meeting Objectives Identify red flags in a person s personal and family medical history that indicate a potential inherited susceptibility to cancer Develop a systematic
More informationGenetic Testing of Inherited Cancer Predisposition Genetic Testing - Oncology
Genetic Testing of Inherited Cancer Predisposition Genetic Testing - Oncology Policy Number: Original Effective Date: MM.02.010 05/01/2010 Line(s) of Business: Current Effective Date: HMO; PPO; QUEST Integration
More informationGastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors
Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Closer Look at the Characteristics of These Diverse Tumors Jaume Capdevila, MD, PhD Vall d'hebron University Hospital Vall d'hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO)
More informationSELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE REFERENCE SPR 2018 Oncologic Imaging Course Adrenal Tumors November 10, :00 12:10 p.m.
SELF-ASSESSMENT MODULE REFERENCE SPR 2018 Oncologic Imaging Course Adrenal Tumors November 10, 2018 10:00 12:10 p.m. Staging Susan E. Sharp, MD 1. In the International Neuroblastoma Risk Group Staging
More informationHEPATIC METASTASES. We can state 3 types of metastases depending on their treatment options:
HEPATIC METASTASES 1. Definition Metastasis means the spread of cancer. Cancerous cells can separate from the primary tumor and enter the bloodstream or the lymphatic system (the one that produces, stores,
More informationCOLON CANCER & GENETICS VERMONT COLORECTAL CANCER SUMMIT NOVEMBER 15, 2014
COLON CANCER & GENETICS VERMONT COLORECTAL CANCER SUMMIT NOVEMBER 15, 2014 WENDY MCKINNON, MS, CGC CERTIFIED GENETIC COUNSELOR FAMILIAL CANCER PROGRAM UNIVERSIT Y OF VERMONT MEDICAL CENTER 1 CHARACTERISTICS
More informationOberndofer 1907 Illeal Serotonin Secreting Tumor Carcinoid (Karzinoide)
GEP-NET Adel K. El-Naggar, M.D., Ph.D. The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas Oberndofer 1907 Illeal Serotonin Secreting Tumor Carcinoid (Karzinoide) 1 Histogenesis 16 different
More informationWHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME DNA PROTEIN. A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins.
WHAT IS A GENE? CHROMOSOME E GEN DNA A gene is made up of DNA. It carries instructions to make proteins. The proteins have specific jobs that help your body work normally. PROTEIN 1 WHAT HAPPENS WHEN THERE
More informationThursday, March 17, pm ET
Virtual Molecular Tumor Board Host: MedStar Georgetown University Hospital Leader: Dr. John Marshall Thursday, March 17, 2016 5 pm ET Patient 1 The information contained in these slides is provided for
More informationCancer Genetics. What is Cancer? Cancer Classification. Medical Genetics. Uncontrolled growth of cells. Not all tumors are cancerous
Session8 Medical Genetics Cancer Genetics J avad Jamshidi F a s a U n i v e r s i t y o f M e d i c a l S c i e n c e s, N o v e m b e r 2 0 1 7 What is Cancer? Uncontrolled growth of cells Not all tumors
More informationSection 2 Original Policy Date 2013 Last Review Status/Date September 1, 2014
Policy Number 2.04.82 Molecular Markers in Fine Needle Aspirates of the Thyroid Medical Policy Section 2 Original Policy Date 2013 Last Review Status/Date September 1, 2014 Disclaimer Our medical policies
More informationPancreatic neuroendocrine cancer with liver metastases and multiple peritoneal metastases: report of one case
Case Report Pancreatic neuroendocrine cancer with liver metastases and multiple peritoneal metastases: report of one case Yang Wang, Dongbing Zhao Department of Abdominal Surgery, Cancer Institute & Hospital,
More informationPTEN Hamartoma-Tumour Syndrome Prof. Charis Eng
: A Model for the Practice of Clinical Cancer Genetics, MD, PhD Hardis Chairperson, Genomic Medicine Institute and Director, Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic 1 2 Practice of
More informationMEDICAL GENOMICS LABORATORY. Next-Gen Sequencing and Deletion/Duplication Analysis of NF1 Only (NF1-NG)
Next-Gen Sequencing and Deletion/Duplication Analysis of NF1 Only (NF1-NG) Ordering Information Acceptable specimen types: Fresh blood sample (3-6 ml EDTA; no time limitations associated with receipt)
More informationA novel PTEN gene promoter mutation and untypical Cowden syndrome
Original Article A novel PTEN gene promoter mutation and untypical Cowden syndrome Chen Liu 1,2*, Guangbing Li 3*, Rongrong Chen 4, Xiaobo Yang 1, Xue Zhao 1, Haitao Zhao 1 1 Department of Liver Surgery,
More informationIntroduction to Cancer Biology
Introduction to Cancer Biology Robin Hesketh Multiple choice questions (choose the one correct answer from the five choices) Which ONE of the following is a tumour suppressor? a. AKT b. APC c. BCL2 d.
More informationMEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC GEP-NET
MEDICAL MANAGEMENT OF METASTATIC GEP-NET Jeremy Kortmansky, MD Associate Professor of Clinical Medicine Yale Cancer Center DISCLOSURES: NONE Introduction Gastrointestinal and pancreatic neuroendocrine
More informationGermline Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Risk
Kathmandu, Bir Hospital visit, August 2018 Germline Genetic Testing for Breast Cancer Risk Evidence-based Genetic Screening Rodney J. Scott Demography in New South Wales (total population ~ 7,000,000)
More informationFamilial and Hereditary Colon Cancer
Familial and Hereditary Colon Cancer Aasma Shaukat, MD, MPH, FACG, FASGE, FACP GI Section Chief, Minneapolis VAMC Associate Professor, Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medicine, University of
More informationBUY ONE GENE, GET ONE 30 FREE! G E N E P A N E L T E S T I N G F O R H E R E D I T A R Y C A N C E R : G E T T I N G I T R I G H T THIS COULD BE YOU ONE DAY SOON: Starting out in your new OB/Gyn practice
More informationEsophageal seeding after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of a mediastinal tumor
Esophageal seeding after endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration of a mediastinal tumor Authors Kensuke Yokoyama 1,JunUshio 1,NorikatsuNumao 1, Kiichi Tamada 1, Noriyoshi Fukushima 2, Alan
More informationRecent advances in breast cancers
Recent advances in breast cancers Breast cancer is a hetrogenous disease due to distinct genetic alterations. Similar morphological subtypes show variation in clinical behaviour especially in response
More informationIntended for use by Clinicians and Health Care Providers involved in the Management or Referral of adult patients with pancreatic
Intended for use by Clinicians and Health Care Providers involved in the Management or Referral of adult patients with pancreatic cancer Section AA Cancer Centre Referrals In the absence of metastatic
More informationTUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES. Molecular Oncology Michael Lea
TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES Molecular Oncology 2011 Michael Lea TUMOR-SUPPRESSOR GENES - Lecture Outline 1. Summary of tumor suppressor genes 2. P53 3. Rb 4. BRCA1 and 2 5. APC and DCC 6. PTEN and PPA2 7. LKB1
More informationMedullary Thyroid Carcinoma. This case was provided by Treant Hospital, Bethesda, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands
Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma This case was provided by Treant Hospital, Bethesda, Hoogeveen, The Netherlands ADS-01504 Rev. 001 2016 Hologic, Inc. All rights reserved. Overview Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma
More informationExpert Interview: Inherited Susceptibility to Cancer with Dr. Nicoleta Voian
Expert Interview: Inherited Susceptibility to Cancer with Dr. Nicoleta Voian ANNOUNCER OPEN: Welcome to CME on ReachMD. This segment, entitled Inherited Susceptibility to Cancer: What Do Primary Care Providers
More informationARTICLE A Clinical Scoring System for Selection of Patients for PTEN Mutation Testing Is Proposed on the Basis of a Prospective Study of 3042 Probands
ARTICLE A Clinical Scoring System for Selection of Patients for PTEN Mutation Testing Is Proposed on the Basis of a Prospective Study of 3042 Probands Min-Han Tan, 1,2 Jessica Mester, 1,2,5 Charissa Peterson,
More informationIntroduction to Cancer Bioinformatics and cancer biology. Anthony Gitter Cancer Bioinformatics (BMI 826/CS 838) January 20, 2015
Introduction to Cancer Bioinformatics and cancer biology Anthony Gitter Cancer Bioinformatics (BMI 826/CS 838) January 20, 2015 Why cancer bioinformatics? Devastating disease, no cure on the horizon Major
More informationFamilial Adenomatous Polyposis
Familial Adenomatous Polyposis 1 in 10,000 incidence 100 s to 1000 s of colonic adenomas by teens Cancer risk: colon, gastric, duodenum (periampulla), small bowel, pancreas, papillary thyroid, childhood
More informationSuperior mediastinal paraganglioma associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome: report of a case
Takahashi et al. World Journal of Surgical Oncology 2014, 12:74 WORLD JOURNAL OF SURGICAL ONCOLOGY CASE REPORT Open Access Superior mediastinal paraganglioma associated with von Hippel-Lindau syndrome:
More informationEndocrine Surgery. Characteristics of the Germline MEN1 Mutations in Korea: A Literature Review ORIGINAL ARTICLE. The Korean Journal of INTRODUCTION
ORIGINAL ARTICLE ISSN 1598-1703 (Print) ISSN 2287-6782 (Online) Korean J Endocrine Surg 2014;14:7-11 The Korean Journal of Endocrine Surgery Characteristics of the Germline MEN1 Mutations in Korea: A Literature
More informationCalcitonin. 1
Calcitonin Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is characterized by a high concentration of serum calcitonin. Routine measurement of serum calcitonin concentration has been advocated for detection of MTC
More informationDr Claire Smith, Consultant Radiologist St James University Hospital Leeds
Dr Claire Smith, Consultant Radiologist St James University Hospital Leeds Imaging in jaundice and 2ww pathway Image protocol Staging Limitations Pancreatic cancer 1.2.4 Refer people using a suspected
More informationIndex. Surg Oncol Clin N Am 16 (2007) Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type.
Surg Oncol Clin N Am 16 (2007) 465 469 Index Note: Page numbers of article titles are in boldface type. A Adjuvant therapy, preoperative for gastric cancer, staging and, 339 B Breast cancer, metabolic
More informationHEREDITY & CANCER: Breast cancer as a model
HEREDITY & CANCER: Breast cancer as a model Pierre O. Chappuis, MD Divisions of Oncology and Medical Genetics University Hospitals of Geneva, Switzerland Genetics, Cancer and Heredity Cancers are genetic
More informationRadiology Pathology Conference
Radiology Pathology Conference Nadia F. Yusaf, M.D. PGY-3 1/29/2010 Presentation material is for education purposes only. All rights reserved. 2010 URMC Radiology Page 1 of 90 Case 1 60 year- old man presents
More informationEvaluation and Management of Thyroid Nodules. Nick Vernetti, MD, FACE Palm Medical Group Las Vegas, Nevada
Evaluation and Management of Thyroid Nodules Nick Vernetti, MD, FACE Palm Medical Group Las Vegas, Nevada Disclosure Consulting Amgen Speaking Amgen Objectives Understand the significance of incidental
More informationIntraoperative staging of GIT cancer using Intraoperative Ultrasound
Intraoperative staging of GIT cancer using Intraoperative Ultrasound Thesis For Fulfillment of MSc Degree In Surgical Oncology By Abdelhalim Salah Abdelhalim Moursi M.B.B.Ch (Cairo University ) Supervisors
More information