Radiation Safety. - Orientation Session - Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Health Physics Services Unit
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1 Environmental Health, Safety & Risk Management Health Physics Services Unit Radiation Safety - Orientation Session - Mohamad Houssam Tamim University Radiation Safety Officer B.E. Communications and Electronics Engineering M.E.M. Master of Engineering Management Master of Physics Radiation Protection BLS Certified Medical Laser Safety Officer
2 Contents 1. What is Radiation? 2. How Harmful is Radiation? 3. Protective Measures Against Radiation 4. University Radiation Safety Regulations 2
3 Contents 1. What is Radiation? 2. How Harmful is Radiation? 3. Protective Measures Against Radiation 4. University Radiation Safety Regulations 3
4 Radioactive Material Defining Radiation Definitions Radiation 4
5 Defining Radiation Ionization Medium Non-Ionizing Radiation Definition: Radiation not having enough energy to ionize the medium it passes through. Examples: microwaves, radio waves, light, Ionizing Radiation Definition: Radiation having enough energy to ionize the medium it passes through. Examples: Radioactive material, radiation producing machines, 5
6 Defining Radiation Ionizing Radiation Types There are four types of ionizing radiation: Alpha Particles Beta Particles Gamma/X Rays Neutrons 6
7 Protective Measures Against Radiation Sources of Radiation Natural Sources: Diet: 40 mrem/year. Cosmic: 28 mrem/year (Doubles every 1800 m in altitude). Terrestrial: 28 mrem/year. Manmade Sources: Medical X-rays: Chest 20 mrem, Dental 10 mrem. Smoking: 1.3 rem/year at 1.5 packs per day. As an average, we are exposed to 300 mrem per year of radiation due to natural & manmade radiation (that is ~ 1 mrem/day). 7
8 Contents 1. What is Radiation? 2. How Harmful is Radiation? 3. Protective Measures Against Radiation 4. University Radiation Safety Regulations 8
9 How Harmful is Radiation? 9
10 How Harmful is Radiation? 10
11 How Harmful is Radiation? 11
12 How Harmful is Radiation? 12
13 Biological Effects Effects related to receiving a high dose: 100 rem: Detectable blood changes. 200 rem: Some nausea, vomiting, fatigue. 400 rem: Nausea, vomiting, fatigue, diarrhea, LD 50/ rem: LD 100 Effects related to receiving a low dose, and that are not specific to receiving a radiation dose: For 10,000 people each exposed to 1 rem: The risk of contracting cancer increases from 2 to 10 extra cases (0.5%). The risk of genetic effects increases from 1 to 2 excess cases (0.02%). The risk of in utero effects increases between 10 to 100 excess cases (1%) 13
14 How Harmful is Radiation? Biological Effects Procedure mrem Skull AP or PA 3 Skull LAT 1 Chest PA 2 Chest LAT 4 Thoracic Spine AP 40 Thoracic Spine LAT, Lumber Spine LAT, LSJ Lumbar Spine AP, AbdomenAP, Pelvis AP IVU 250 Barium Swallow 150 Barium Meal, Follow 300 Barium Enema 700 CT Head 200 CT Chest 800 CT Abdomen, Pelvis 1000 Doses to pediatric patients are approximately 1/3 to ½ of the adult doses 14
15 How Harmful is Radiation? Interaction of Radiation with Matter 15
16 Contents 1. What is Radiation? 2. How Harmful is Radiation? 3. Protective Measures Against Radiation 4. University Radiation Safety Regulations 16
17 Protective Measures Against Radiation ALARA As Low As Reasonably Achievable Time Distance Shielding 17
18 Protective Measures Against Radiation Time Dose α Time 18
19 Protective Measures Against Radiation Distance Dose α 1/d 2 19
20 Protective Measures Against Radiation Shielding 20
21 Protective Measures Against Radiation RAM Handling Rules Disposable gloves must be worn when handling radioactive materials. Do not cross contaminate. After the removal of gloves, hands must be washed. Use absorbent paper. Radioactive waste must be disposed of in specified, labeled, waste containers. 21
22 Radiation Detection & Measurement Gas Filled Detectors 22
23 Spill Response Procedure 1.ALARM 2.CONTAIN 3.CALL EHSRM 23
24 Contents 1. What is Radiation? 2. How Harmful is Radiation? 3. Protective Measures Against Radiation 4. University Radiation Safety Regulations 24
25 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 25
26 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 26
27 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 27
28 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 28
29 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 29
30 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 30
31 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 31
32 University Radiation Safety Regulations 1. Radiation Protection Program 2. Radiation Safety Orientations 3. Storage of Radioactive Materials 4. Transfer of Radioactive Materials 5. Caution Signs and Labels 6. Pregnant Radiation Workers 7. Accidents and Emergencies 32
33 Who Implements the Radiation Safety Program at AUB? 33
34 Whose Regulations Do we Implement? Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission University Radiation Safety Committee 34
35 HPS Responsibilities Manage and Implement the University Radiation Protection Program Issue the University Radiation Safety Regulations in Coordination with the Radiation and Laser Safety Committee Issue Radiation Safety Policies and Procedures Provide Radiation Safety Training Sessions Review Research Proposals Involving the Use of Radiation on Humans Issue and Review Specifications of Radiation Producing Equipment Issue and Review Specifications of Radiation Protective Equipment Secure and Maintain Licenses for Possession and Use of Radioactive Materials or Radiation Producing Equipment at AUB Act as liaison with the Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission Review Shielding Design of Rooms that will house radiation producing equipment 35
36 HPS Responsibilities Inspect Laboratories and Departments Carry Out Contamination Surveys Receive Radioactive Materials Supervise the Disposal of Radioactive Materials Implement the Iodine Therapy program Assist research laboratories in reading their radioactive samples Respond to Emergencies and Spills Personnel Monitoring Area Monitoring Quality Control and calibration of radiation detectors 36
37 Where Are Radiation Sources Found? 37
38 THANK YOU Questions?
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