Application of Artificial Neural Networks to Predict the Oxidation of Menhaden Fish Oil Obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Method
|
|
- Rudolph Baker
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 DOI 1.17/s COMMUICATIO Application of Artificial eural etworks to Predict the Oxidation of Menhaden Fish Oil Obtained from Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Method Wanwimol Klaypradit & Soraya Kerdpiboon & Rakesh K. Singh Received: October 9 / Accepted: May 1 # Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 1 Abstract Oxidation is a major cause of deterioration in fish oil, leading to considerable losses of quality and nutritional value. To date, the available methods to monitor lipid oxidation in foods are based on chemical analysis. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is an alternative technique for the study of molecular structure and compositional changes in a wide range of foods. The objectives of this study were to use attenuated total reflectance-ftir for evaluating oxidative quality and application of artificial neural network analysis (A), a mathematical model, to predict the oxidative values of Menhaden fish oil. The oil was stored in the presence of light at room temperature. The oxidation was measured for primary and secondary oxidative change; peroxide value (PV) and anisidine value (AnV), respectively, using FTIR were compared with chemical analysis each day during the 3 weeks of storage. The wavenumber and absorbance values of FTIR spectra were applied to predict the oxidative values of the oil by using A. Inputs consisted of wavenumber and absorbance outputs were composed of PV and AnV. It was found that changes in the region between 3,5 and 1,7 cm -1 and absorbance were related to PV and AnV of the chemical analysis (R 2 >.85). FTIR spectroscopy with the aid of A demonstrates its potential as an alternative and rapid technique rather than a conventional method for prediction of food lipids oxidation. Keywords Menhaden fish oil. Oxidation. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Artificial neural networks. Lipid. Predictive modeling Sources of funding support The authors thank then Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand, and Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, USA, for financial support. Meeting presentation (1) 14th World Congress of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai, China, October 19 24, 8, and (2) IFT 9 Annual Meeting and Food Expo, California, USA, June 6 9, 9. W. Klaypradit (*) Department of Fishery Products, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 19, Thailand ffiswak@ku.ac.th S. Kerdpiboon Department of Food Technology, Kasetsart University, Sakon akhon Province Campus, Sakon akhon, Thailand R. K. Singh Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA Introduction The oxidative stability is an important indicator for the quality of oil. There are various methods available for measurement of lipid oxidation in oil foods. Up to date, the available methods to monitor lipid oxidation in foods are based on chemical analysis involving several reagents and sample preparation steps, which may be divided into two groups: primary and secondary oxidative changes. The peroxide value (PV) is normally used as the method for quantitative of hydroperoxides, which were measured to determine the primary oxidative change because they are generally accepted as the first product formed by oxidation. The anisidine value (AnV) is utilized to determine the secondary oxidative products, which are derived from decomposition of hydroperoxides (Shahidi & Wanasundara, 2). Such methods are rather costly and time-consuming, and therefore, an alternative rapid and reliable method should be considered.
2 Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is an analytical technique, which measures the infrared intensity versus wavenumber of light. The resulting spectrum is characteristic of the organic molecules, which absorb infrared energy at specific frequencies so that the basic structure of compounds can be determined by the spectral locations of their IR absorptions. umerous reports have shown that the FTIR has been applied to evaluate the freshness of virgin olive oils in combination with multivariate analysis (Sinelli et al., 7), to determine fatty acid profile and PV of virgin olive oil (Maggio et al., 9), to analyze the free fatty acid content of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) skin lipids (Aryee et al., 9), also to determine cis-unsaturation and trans-fatty acids together with free fatty acids during degradation of edible oils by heating process (Moros et al., 9). FTIR can be used to investigate lipid oxidation of oil and many other applications as mentioned earlier. However, very few researches predict a relationship between the FTIR and the oxidative value changes of oil using artificial neural network (A). Therefore, the application of A analysis to predict oxidation from infrared intensity and wavenumber of light can be approached. The A is made up of a group of interconnected artificial neurons. It consists of input, hidden, and output layers. Each layer is also composed of neurons. Each neuron transforms input and sends output to other neurons to which it is connected. Weights and bias are determined from the receiving neurons. The network is trained with a subset or dataset of observations and optimized based on its ability to predict a set of known outcomes. A has been applied for modeling, optimization, predicting, and process control of complex problems (Kerdpiboon et al., 6; Boyaci et al., 9; Fathi et al., 9; Argyri et al., 1). The purpose of this study were (a) to use attenuated total reflectance (ATR)-FTIR spectroscopy as an alternative method compared with chemical method for evaluating oxidative quality of Menhaden fish oil (MO) and (b) to apply A analysis to predict the oxidative values of the oil stored in the presence of light. Materials and Methods Sample MO purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company (St. Louis, MO) was used for oxidation determination by chemical and instrumental methods. Upon arrival, the oil was immediately determined for the oxidative values; PV and p-anv, which were milliequivalents peroxide/kilogram (meq/kg) and, respectively. Oxidation Determination by Chemical Methods The MO samples were placed in screw-cap test tubes and stored at 4 C (control) and at room temperature (25 C) in the presence of two fluorescent tube lights (each rated at 34 W) for 3 weeks. The tubes were about 1 m far from the light. Samples were collected periodically to determine any oxidative changes. Peroxide values (PVs) were determined following AOCS Official Method Cd 8b-9 (AOCS, 5), while the p- anisidine values (AnV) were determined according to the AOCS Official Method Cd 18-9 (AOCS, 1998). Oxidation Determination by FTIR FTIR equipment (model icolet 67; OMIC Thermo Electron Corporation, Madison, WI) coupled with an ATR accessory was used to investigate the oxidation of MO samples stored at the conditions as previous mentioned. Each oil sample (1 ml) was applied on the flat crystal chamber of the ATR accessory. The background spectrum was obtained by measuring the empty chamber. A 4-cm -1 resolution was used, and the ATR spectra were averaged on 32 scans with wavenumber range 4, cm -1. The FTIR spectra of the nonoxidized and oxidized MO are shown in Fig. 1. A Training As were simulated based on a multilayer feed forward neural network. The input layer, hidden layers, and output layer are shown in Fig. 2. The mathematical algorithm for feed forward and backpropagation processing was followed by Argyri et al. (1). A backpropagation algorithm was used to implement supervised training of the network. During training, weighting functions for the inputs to each A were determined, such that the predicted output best matched the actual output from the data set. There were 1 data points in each frequency, data points were used in testing and training and other data points were used in the validation. The number of data used in testing and training was pointed at 1, 3, 5, 7,, 119, and the number of data used in validation was pointed at 2, 4, 6, 8,, 1, respectively. Weights were randomly assigned at the beginning of the training phase, according to the backpropagation algorithm. A hyperbolic tangent was used as the transfer function in each hidden layer, and a linear transfer function was used in the output layer. Minimization of error was accomplished using the Levenberg Marquardt (LM) algorithm. Training was finished when the MSE converged and was less than.1. If the MSE did not go below.1, training was completed after 1,, epochs, where an epoch represents on complete sweep through all the data in the training set.
3 Fig. 1 FTIR spectra of the nonoxidized MO (a) and oxidized MO (b) Data sets used to train the A consisted of two inputs, which were wavenumber range and absorbance, and two outputs, which were PV ( 73.5 meq/kg) and AnV ( 48.9). The number of hidden layers and number of neurons in each hidden layer were varied from 1 to 1. Training was done for 3 trial configurations in each hidden layer/neuron combination, in order to find the combination of hidden layers and neurons that produced the minimum error. The A optimization process was performed using a trial and error technique (Kerdpiboon et al., 6). Selection of Optimal A Configuration The optimized configurations from training for each neuron were selected from 3 configurations based on performance of neural network that gave the minimum error from the training process. The average mean square error (MAE), standard deviation of MAE (STD A ), percentage of relative mean square error (%MRE), and standard deviation of %MRE (STD R ) were used to compare the performances of various A models and were calculated
4 Absorbance r as: MAE ¼ 1 P P ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ð$p i¼1 A $P A Þ 2 $P A, STD A ¼ 1, %MRE ¼ r i¼1 P 1 P ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffi ð$p i¼1 R $P R Þ 2 $P R 1 and STD R ¼,where i¼1 w1 wn1 w 3 w 1 Wavenumber range Input layer Hidden layer Output layer 1 $P A ¼ jp P P E j, $P R ¼ jðp P P E Þ=P E j, P P is the predicted output and P E is the experimentally measured output. Results and Discussion w 21 w n2 w22 w33 1 st neuron 2 nd neuron 3 rd neuron 1 th neuron 1 th FTIR Spectra and Oxidative Stability 2 nd neuron 3 rd neuron 1 st neuron neuron AnV Fig. 2 Schematic structure of the developed neural network. The input layer consists of wavenumber and absorbance. The output layer consists of PVand AnVof MO. w ij : weights, with i representing the index of the input signal neuron and j representing the output signal neuron The FTIR is a promising tool for providing the information on the functional groups of samples. Figure 1 shows the infrared spectra of the nonoxidized and oxidized MO that the spectra obtained when infrared radiation interacts with matter and causes the chemical bonds in the material to vibrate. Similar results were found for other nonoxidized oils because the functional groups tend to absorb infrared radiation in the same wavenumber range regardless of the structure of the rest of the molecule that their functional groups are in (Guillén & Cabo, 1999). The results were related with Flåtten et al. (5), who indicated the spectra of fatty acid composition in pork fat by FTIR. The changes of PV and AnV were from to 73.5 meq/kg and to 48.9, respectively, as well as the changes of wavenumber and absorbance according to the oxidation process during storage of 3 weeks. PV of MO exposed to light showed fast increased in PV from the beginning of the oxidation experiment to reach a maximum value, after which a less pronounced decrease in PV was observed and the generation of secondary products, AnV, increased in a similar h1n h 22 h13 h 21 h 2 h2n h12 h11 PV manner. However, PV and AnV derived from the control remained unchanged throughout the experiment period. There is a band near 1746 cm -1, which represents the triglyceride ester groups and indicates the nonoxidized oil (Fig. 1a). During the oxidation process, the ester group changes and degrades into the secondary products (Fig. 1b), which is related to the increase of AnV with a decrease in the wavenumber for the increased absorbance (Table 1) throughout the oxidation process for 3 weeks. Similar result was found for the infrared spectrum near 3,12 cm -1, which shows the band of cis double bonds groups of nonoxidized MO with high unsaturated fatty acids (Fig. 1a). The disappearance of cis double bonds produced increased absorbance at lower wavenumber values throughout the oxidation process (Table 1). The other wavenumber shift of the oil during the oxidation process was found for the band near 3,455 cm -1. For the first period of storage, the wavenumber value corresponding to increase absorbance value decreased slowly due to the generation of hydroperoxides, and afterward, the appearance of a band at a new wavenumber occurred at approximately 3,53 cm -1 (Fig. 1b). The new band was related to alcohols and other compounds derived from hydroperoxides and also indicated higher values of AnV. These results are in agreement of Guillén & Cabo (2), who observed the correlation between the changes in infrared spectra and oxidative stability of different edible oils. Sinelli et al. (7) also demonstrated that the FTIR spectroscopy has the ability to be used to classify fresh and oxidized oil samples, and the FTIR spectra results are in agreement with oxidation data obtained by classical methods. Oxidation Determination by A Wavenumber and absorbance values of FTIR spectra were used to predict the oxidation of MO. Data range of inputs and outputs used to train A are shown in Table 1. The minimum MRE for prediction of PV and AnVwasfoundtohavedifferentnumbersofhiddenlayers and neurons in each hidden layer (not shown). However, usingofnumberofhiddenlayersmorethan1layersdid not find the low MRE. The number of hidden layers in this work was set as 1 1 hidden layers. The minimum MRE for region range of 1,736 1,746 cm -1 was found with two hidden layers and eight neurons per layer for PV, and one hidden layer and eight neurons per layer for AnV. For the region range of 3,455 3,53 cm -1, the minimum MRE was found with two hidden layers and two neurons per layer for PV, and one hidden layer and four neurons per layer for AnV. The minimum MRE for the bands range of 3,2 3,12 cm -1 was found with two hidden layers and six neurons per layer for PV, and one hidden layer and ten neurons per layer for AnV. A large number of hidden
5 Table 1 Errors in the prediction of PV and AnV with different number of layers and neurons per layer for oxidized MO, which differ in wavenumber and absorbance values of FTIR spectra Wavenumber range (cm -1 ) Absorbance PV AnV MAE STD A %MRE STD R MAE STD A %MRE STD R 1,746 1, ,12 3, ,455 3, layers do not necessarily lower the error if there are enough numbers of neurons in each hidden layer (Torrecilla et al., 5). The best prediction in most of data sets contained two hidden layers for PV and one hidden layer for AnV. The results showed that wavenumber and absorbance values of FTIR spectra were quite related with PV and AnV (Table 1). The experimental and predicted values of PV and AnV of MO for the frequency range 1,736 1,746 are shown in Fig. 3. The correlation of experiment and predicted oxidation of other frequency ranges were greater than.873 in all cases (not shown). The region range of 1,736 1,746 cm -1, R 2 =.926 and.952 for prediction of PV and AnV, respectively, were obtained. The wavenumber range of 3,455 3,53 cm -1 gave R 2 =.884 for predicted values of PV and.933 for AnV. For the region range of 3,2 3,12 cm -1, R 2 =.873 and.939 for predicted values of PV and AnV, respectively, were found. The ability to predict AnV was better than that for PV, because the oxidized oil had higher secondary products than primary products. Conclusion The oxidation of MO obtained by FTIR spectra with the aid of A exhibited results in a similar fashion to that did by chemical method for PV and AnV. The FTIR coupled with A model demonstrated its potential to be used as an alternative rapid method without sample preparation for prediction of routine oxidation determination for MO. The procedure can be adapted for prediction of oxidation in other food lipids. Fig. 3 Correlation of experimental and predicted oxidation of MO with testing and training data sets, as well as validation data set for the first wavenumber range 1,736 1,746 using the optimal A Predicted PV Predicted AnV neurons per hidden layer Predicted PV 8 8 neurons per hidden layers Testing and Training dataset R 2 =.8963 Validation dataset R 2 = Experimental PV Experimental PV 8 neurons per hidden layer Testing and Training dataset R 2 = Experimental AnV Predicted AnV neurons per hidden layer Validation dataset R 2 = Experimental AnV
6 Acknowledgment This work was, in part, financially supported by the Office of the Higher Education Commission, Ministry of Education, Thailand. References AOCS. (1998). Official Methods of Analysis Cd Champaign, IL: AOCS Publishing. AOCS. (5). Official Methods of Analysis Cd 8b-9. Champaign, IL: AOCS Publishing. Argyri, A. A., Panagou, E. Z., Tarantilis, P. A., Polysiou, M., & ychas, G. J. E. (1). Rapid qualitative and quantitative detection of beef fillets spoilage based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy data and artificial neural networks. Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, 145(1), Aryee, A.. A., van de Voort, F. R., & Simpson, B. K. (9). FTIR determination of free fatty acids in fish oils intended for biodiesel production. Process Biochemistry, 44, 1 5. Boyaci, I. H., Sumnu, G., & Sakiyan, O. (9). Estimation of dielectric properties of cakes based on porosity, moisture content, and formulations using statistical methods and artificial neural networks. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 2, Fathi, M., Mohebbi, M., Razavi, SMA. (9). Application of image analysis and artificial neural network to predict mass transfer kinetics and color changes of osmotically dehydrated kiwifruit. Food and Bioprocess Technology, doi:1.17/s y, in press. Flåtten, A., Bryhni, E. A., Kohler, A., Egelandsdal, B., & Isaksson, T. (5). Determination of C22:5 and C22:6 marine fatty acids in pork fat with Fourier transform mid-infrared spectroscopy. Meat Science, 69, Guillén, M. D., & Cabo,. (1999). Usefulness of the frequency data of the Fourier transform infrared spectra to evaluate the degree of oxidation of edible oils. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 47, Guillén, M. D., & Cabo,. (2). Fourier transform infrared spectra data versus peroxide and anisidine values to determine oxidative stability of edible oils. Food Chemistry, 77, Kerdpiboon, S., Kerr, W., & Devahastin, S. (6). eural network prediction of physical property changes of dried carrot as a function of fractal dimension and moisture content. Food Research International, 39, Maggio, R. M., Kaufman, T. S., Carlo, M. D., Cerretani, L., Bendini, A., Cichelli, A., et al. (9). Monitoring of fatty acid composition in virgin olive oil by Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy coupled with partial least squares. Food Chemistry, 114, Moros, J., Roth, M., de la Garrigues, S., & Guardia, M. (9). Preliminary studies about thermal degradation of edible oils through attenuated total reflectance mid-infrared spectrometry. Food Chemistry, 114, Shahidi, F., & Wanasundara, U.. (2). Methods for measuring oxidative rancidity in fats and oils. In C. C. Akoh & D. B. Min (Eds.), Food Lipids (pp ). ew York, USA: Marcel Dekker, Inc. Sinelli,., Cosio, M. S., Gigliotti, C., & Casiraghi, E. (7). Preliminary study on application of mid infrared spectroscopy for the evaluation of the virgin oil freshness. Analytica Chimica Acta, 598, Torrecilla, J. S., Otero, L., & Sanz, P. D. (5). Artificial neural networks: a promising tool to design and optimize high-pressure food process. Journal of Food Engineering, 69(3),
Trans Fat Determination in the Industrially Processed Edible Oils By Transmission FT-IR Spectroscopy By
Trans Fat Determination in the Industrially Processed Edible Oils By Transmission FT-IR Spectroscopy By Dr. Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi E-mail: tufail_sherazi@yahoo.com National Center of Excellence in
More informationPrediction of quality properties of dried cranberries with combination method of ultrasound-osmotic-microwave using artificial neural networks model
Prediction of quality properties of dried cranberries with combination method of ultrasound-osmotic-microwave using artificial neural networks model Samira Shamaei a, Zahra Emam-Djomeh b a Transfer Phenomena
More informationSoy Lecithin Phospholipid Determination by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the Acid Digest/Arseno-Molybdate Method: A Comparative Study
Soy Lecithin Phospholipid Determination by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and the Acid Digest/Arseno-Molybdate Method: A Comparative Study J.M. Nzai and A. Proctor* Department of Food Science,
More informationQuality Analysis of Reheated Oils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
International Conference on Electromechanical Control Technology and Transportation (ICECTT 05) Quality Analysis of Reheated Oils by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Keying Zhao, a, Lei Shi,b and
More informationDetermination of Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil and Refined-Bleached-Deodorized Palm Olein Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
Determination of Free Fatty Acids in Crude Palm Oil and Refined-Bleached-Deodorized Palm Olein Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Y.B. Che Man a, *, M.H. Moh a, and F.R. van de Voort b a Department
More informationIn vivo Infrared Spectroscopy
In vivo Infrared Spectroscopy Zhe Xia March 29, 2017 Outline Introduction Theory Instrument Case study Conclusion Introduction In vivo: Latin for within the living, In vivo studies focus on the effects
More informationRapid Determination of cis and trans Content, Iodine Value, and Saponification Number of Edible Oils by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Rapid Determination of cis and trans Content, Iodine Value, and Saponification Number of Edible Oils by Fourier Transform Near-Infrared Spectroscopy H. Li, F.R. van de Voort *, J. Sedman, and A.A. Ismail
More informationDetection of olive oil adulteration by corn oil addition applying ATR-FTIR spectroscopy
Available online at http://journal-of-agroalimentary.ro Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies 2013, 19(2), 141-147 Journal of Agroalimentary Processes and Technologies Detection of olive
More informationFood protein powders classification and discrimination by FTIR spectroscopy and principal component analysis
APPLICATION NOTE AN53037 Food protein powders classification and discrimination by FTIR spectroscopy and principal component analysis Author Ron Rubinovitz, Ph.D. Thermo Fisher Scientific Key Words FTIR,
More informationClassıfıcatıon of Dıabetes Dısease Usıng Backpropagatıon and Radıal Basıs Functıon Network
UTM Computing Proceedings Innovations in Computing Technology and Applications Volume 2 Year: 2017 ISBN: 978-967-0194-95-0 1 Classıfıcatıon of Dıabetes Dısease Usıng Backpropagatıon and Radıal Basıs Functıon
More informationModel of Degradation Kinetics for Coconut Oil at Various Heating Temperatures
Research Article Model of Degradation Kinetics for Coconut Oil at Various Heating Temperatures Wibul Wongpoowarak, Wiwat Pichayakorn, Kwunchit Oungbho, Watcharakorn Boontaweesakul, Siriporn Sirivongmongkol
More informationArtificial Neural Networks and Near Infrared Spectroscopy - A case study on protein content in whole wheat grain
A White Paper from FOSS Artificial Neural Networks and Near Infrared Spectroscopy - A case study on protein content in whole wheat grain By Lars Nørgaard*, Martin Lagerholm and Mark Westerhaus, FOSS *corresponding
More informationMultivariate study of Raman spectral data of edible oils
Multivariate study of Raman spectral data of edible oils HANA VASKOVA, MARTINA BUCKOVA Department of Electronic and Measurements, Department of Food Technology Tomas Bata University in Zlin Namesti T.G.M.
More informationMilled Rice Surface Lipid Measurement by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS)
Milled Rice Surface Lipid Measurement by Diffuse Reflectance Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (DRIFTS) Rahul Reddy Gangidi, Andrew Proctor*, and Jean-François Meullenet Department of Food Science,
More information5.0 Summary and conclusion
5.0 Summary and conclusion Trans fatty acids are the geometric isomers of fatty acids that are formed industrially by partial hydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acids from vegetable and marine oil. Trans
More informationOptimization of Vacuum Frying Condition for Shallot
Kasetsart J. (Nat. Sci.) 41 : 338-342 (2007) Optimization of Vacuum Frying Condition for Shallot Nantawan Therdthai*, Phaisan Wuttijumnong, Anuvat Jangchud and Chatlada Kusucharid ABSTRACT Nowadays, healthy
More informationOverview of the food science behind fatty acid technology
Overview of the food science behind fatty acid technology Pamela J. White, Ph.D. Food Chemist/Scientist Food Science and Human Nutrition Dept. & Center for Crops Utilization Research Iowa State University
More informationJie Yu Chen, 1 Han Zhang, 1 Jinkui Ma, 2 Tomohiro Tuchiya, 1 and Yelian Miao Introduction
Analytical Chemistry Volume 215, Article ID 185367, 6 pages http://dx.doi.org/1.1155/215/185367 Research Article Determination of the Degree of Degradation of Frying Rapeseed Oil Using Fourier-Transform
More information4 Development of an ESR online-method for the monitoring of in vitro fat digestion
4 Development of an ESR online-method for the monitoring of in vitro fat digestion 4.1 Introduction When regarding the oral administration of lipid-based nanocapsules, gastrointestinal digestion will play
More informationThe optimization of FTIR spectroscopy combined with partial least square for analysis of animal fats in quartenary mixtures
Spectroscopy 25 (2011) 169 176 169 DOI 10.3233/SPE-2011-0500 IOS Press The optimization of FTIR spectroscopy combined with partial least square for analysis of animal fats in quartenary mixtures Abdul
More informationQuality deterioration in commercial virgin coconut oil due to photooxidation and autooxidation
Quality deterioration in commercial virgin coconut oil due to photooxidation and autooxidation Raharjo, S. 1 and Rukmini, A. 2 1 Department of Food and Agricultural Product Technology, Faculty of Agricultural
More informationResearch of Determination Method of Starch and Protein Content in Buckwheat by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy
Research of Determination Method of Starch and Protein Content in Buckwheat by Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy Fenghua Wang 1,*, Ju Yang 1, Hailong Zhu 2, and Zhiyong Xi 1 1 Faculty of Modern Agricultural Engineering,Kunming
More informationMeasurement of Acrylamide in Potato Chips by Portable FTIR Analyzers
Measurement of Acrylamide in Potato Chips by Portable FTIR Analyzers Application note Food Author Alan Rein 1 Professor Luis Rodriguez-Saona 2 1 Agilent Technologies, Danbury CT, USA. 2 Department of Food
More informationSimple Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Iodine Value of Vegetable Oils
Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2013; 40(3) 419 Chiang Mai J. Sci. 2013; 40(3) : 419-426 http://it.science.cmu.ac.th/ejournal/ Contributed Paper Simple Spectrophotometric Method for Determination of Iodine Value of
More informationMeasuring Lipid Oxidation in Foods
Measuring Lipid Oxidation in Foods Measuring Lipid Oxidation Most lipid oxidation reactions in food have a lag phase First radical formed Depletion of antioxidant Immediately after lag phase food is rancid
More informationFunctional Properties of Foods. Database and Model Prediction
Functional Properties of Foods. Database and Model Prediction Nikolaos A. Oikonomou a, Magda Krokida b a Department of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece (nikosoik@central.ntua.gr)
More informationOXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN RAW MATERIALS AND FEEDS
EVALUATION OF OXIDATION AND ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION IN RAW MATERIALS AND FEEDS Sergi Carné and Javier Estévez Technical Department, Industrial Técnica Pecuaria, S.A. (ITPSA); scarne@itpsa.com 1 LIPID OXIDATION
More informationResearch of the Measurement on Palmitic Acid in Edible Oils by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy
Research of the Measurement on Palmitic Acid in Edible Oils by Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Hui Li 1, Jingzhu Wu 1*, Cuiling Liu 1, 1 College of Computer & Information Engineering, Beijing Technology and
More informationA New Method for the Early Detection of Edible Oil Oxidation
WHITE PAPER Early Detection of Edible Oil Oxidation A New Method for the Early Detection of Edible Oil Oxidation Edible oils are used in a wide range of culinary applications. Oils containing unsaturated
More informationA New Method for Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Frying Oil Using Silicate Films Produced from Rice Hull Ash
A New Method for Free Fatty Acid Reduction in Frying Oil Using Silicate Films Produced from Rice Hull Ash U. Kalapathy* and A. Proctor Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville,
More informationFabric detergents for body-odor reduction
47 Fabric detergents for body-odor reduction Natthida Khamjit and Usa Sangwatanaroj * Abstract This research targets to prepare detergents containing -cyclodextrin and to use them for fabric laundry in
More informationFat Content Determination Methods Teresa McConville Chem 311 Dr. Weisshaar
Fat Content Determination Methods Teresa McConville Chem 311 Dr. Weisshaar The methods used in determination of fat content in foods are as varied as the sample matrices. This is an overview of a few methods
More informationResearch Article. Detection of adulteration in ghee from markets of Ahmedabad by FTIR spectroscopy
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2015, 7(6):10-14 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Detection of adulteration in ghee from markets of
More informationADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES
ADVANCES in NATURAL and APPLIED SCIENCES ISSN: 1995-0772 Published BYAENSI Publication EISSN: 1998-1090 http://www.aensiweb.com/anas 2017 June 11(8): pages 604-612 Open Access Journal Determination Of
More informationREP15/FO Appendix III 1. PROPOSED DRAFT CODEX STANDARD FOR FISH OILS (at Step 5 of the Procedure)
REP15/FO Appendix III 1 PROPOSED DRAFT CODEX STANDARD FOR FISH OILS (at Step 5 of the Procedure) Appendix III 1. Scope This Standard applies to the fish oils described in section 2 that are presented in
More informationState of Dissolved Water in Triglycerides as Determined by. Fourier Transform Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy
ORIGINAL State of Dissolved Water in Triglycerides as Determined by Fourier Transform Infrared and Near Infrared Spectroscopy Jun KURASHIGE**, Kyo TAKAOKA*, Masahisa TAKASAGO*, Yasunori TARU*, and Koichi
More informationNoninvasive Blood Glucose Analysis using Near Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy. Abstract
Progress Report No. 2-3, March 31, 1999 The Home Automation and Healthcare Consortium Noninvasive Blood Glucose Analysis using Near Infrared Absorption Spectroscopy Prof. Kamal Youcef-Toumi Principal Investigator
More informationChromatography Vacuum Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
Application Note Differentiation and Determination Differentiation and Determination of Fatty Acid Methyl of Fatty Esters Acid by Gas Methyl Chromatography Esters by Vacuum Gas Ultraviolet Spectroscopy
More informationModule 13: Changes occurring in oils and fats during frying
Module 13: Changes occurring in oils and fats during frying Rajan Sharma and Bimlesh Mann Dairy Chemistry Division National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal rajansharma21@gmail.com Frying is a process
More informationCocoa butter, cocoa butter equivalents, chocolate, triglycerides, gas-liquid chromatography
1 SCI LECTURE PAPERS SERIES EU CHOCOLATE ANALYSIS PROJECT CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE WORK Franz Ulberth, Manuela Buchgraber and Elke Anklam European Commission, DG Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference
More informationIdentification of Aromatic Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters
Chapter 3.2 Identification of Aromatic Fatty Acid Ethyl Esters The only use of gas chromatography is not sufficient to determine which compounds are eluting from the catalytic bed. At the beginning of
More informationDiscrimination of pork content in mixtures with raw minced camel and buffalo meat using FTIR spectroscopic technique
International Food Research Journal 20(3): 13891394 (2013) Journal homepage: http://www.ifrj.upm.edu.my Discrimination of pork content in mixtures with raw minced camel and buffalo meat using FTIR spectroscopic
More informationThermal induction of 9t12t linoleic acid: A new pathway for the formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids
Thermal induction of 9t12t linoleic acid: A new pathway for the formation of Conjugated Linoleic Acids Alfred A. Christy, Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and science, University of Agder,
More informationPet Food Kibble Preservation 2018 Jim Mann
Pet Food Kibble Preservation 2018 Jim Mann KEMIN IS ASSURANCE Kemin s Involvement in Pet Food Supply Chain Slaughter Houses Renderers Field Fresh/Frozen Meat Collectors Crops KIBBLE STABILITY PALATABILITY
More informationOpen Access Inhibition of the Oxidation of Corn Oil Stripped of Tocopherols and Refined Olive Oil by Thiols
The Open Food Science Journal, 2009, 3, 103-107 103 Open Access Inhibition of the Oxidation of Corn Oil Stripped of Tocopherols and Refined Olive Oil by Thiols Ioannis G. Roussis*,1, Despina Papadopoulou
More informationThermal oxidative alteration of sunflower oil
Vol. 8(3), pp. 116-121, March 2014 DOI: 10.5897/AJFS12.112 ISSN 1996-0794 2014 Academic Journals http://www.academicjournals.org/ajfs African Journal of Food Science Full Length Research Paper Thermal
More informationIncreasing your Products Shelf Life, Consistency, and Quality.
Increasing your Products Shelf Life, Consistency, and Quality. Q U A R T Z A N A LY T I C S AC Making Science Simple ryst al Fi ltrat ion Com pany Unsaturated and saturated fats, as well as nuts, chocolate,
More informationAppeal decision. Appeal No USA ATRIUM MEDICAL CORPORATION. Osaka, Japan. Osaka, Japan. Osaka, Japan. Osaka, Japan
Appeal decision Appeal No. 2014-13097 USA Appellant ATRIUM MEDICAL CORPORATION Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney YAMAMOTO, Shusaku Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney MORISHITA, Natsuki Osaka, Japan Patent Attorney
More informationJ2.6 Imputation of missing data with nonlinear relationships
Sixth Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications to Environmental Science 88th AMS Annual Meeting, New Orleans, LA 20-24 January 2008 J2.6 Imputation of missing with nonlinear relationships Michael
More informationLesmahagow High School
Lesmahagow High School Higher Chemistry Alcohols and Esters - Past Paper Homework Questions . Carbohydrates are an essential part of our diet. (a) Why are carbohydrates an important part of our diet? (b)
More informationInvestigation of thermal degradation of vegetable oils by spectroscopic methods and its mathematical analysis
Investigation of thermal degradation of vegetable oils by spectroscopic methods and its mathematical analysis M. Tobolova, V. Kresalek, H. Vaskova and M. Buckova Abstract In this paper, relatively new
More informationRohman, A. and 2 Che Man, Y. B. Department of Pharmaceutical chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia.
(2011) Simultaneous quantitative analysis of two functional food oils, extra virgin olive oil and virgin coconut oil using FTIR spectroscopy and multivariate calibration 1,3* Rohman, A. and 2 Che Man,
More informationJournal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(8): Research Article
Available online www.jocpr.com Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research, 2018, 10(8): 17-24 Research Article ISSN : 0975-7384 CODEN(USA) : JCPRC5 Effect of UV Irradiation on Conjugated Linoleic
More informationStudy of Thermal Energy Storage using Oleic Acid
Study of Thermal Energy Storage using Oleic Acid Word Virtual Conference on Advance Research in Materials and Engineering Applications September 22-26, 2014, Malaysia Firman 1,a, ING Wardana 2,b, Sudjito
More informationOrganic Chemistry Diversity of Carbon Compounds
Organic Chemistry Diversity of Carbon Compounds Hydrocarbons The Alkanes The Alkenes The Alkynes Naming Hydrocarbons Cyclic Hydrocarbons Alkyl Groups Aromatic Hydrocarbons Naming Complex Hydrocarbons Chemical
More informationThe New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited
Purification of Alaskan walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) and New Zealand hoki (Macruronus novaezelandiae) liver oil using short-path distillation Prepared by: Matt Miller and Alexandra C.M. Oliveira
More informationEvaluation of 50 California Olive Oil at Marketplaces 2016
Evaluation of 5 California Olive Oil at Marketplaces 216 Submitted to the Olive Oil Commission of California July 217 1 Evaluation of 5 California olive oil at marketplaces The Olive Oil Commission of
More informationInfluence of External Coagulant Water Types on the Performances of PES Ultrafiltration Membranes
30 Journal of Membrane and Separation Technology, 2012, 1, 30-34 Influence of External Coagulant Water Types on the Performances of PES Ultrafiltration Membranes Jing He, Lingyun Ji and Baoli Shi * Polymer
More informationCOMPARING THE IMPACT OF ACCURATE INPUTS ON NEURAL NETWORKS
COMPARING THE IMPACT OF ACCURATE INPUTS ON NEURAL NETWORKS V.Vaithiyanathan 1, K.Rajeswari 2, N.Nivethitha 3, Pa.Shreeranjani 4, G.B.Venkatraman 5, M. Ifjaz Ahmed 6. 1 Associate Dean - Research, School
More informationAgriculture Handbook No 8 4 Composition Of Foods Fats And Oils
Agriculture Handbook No 8 4 Composition Of Foods Fats And Oils representative values for fats, oils and lipid components. In 1950, Agricultural Handbook No. 8, the Composition of Foods Raw, Processed,
More informationMicrospectroscopy. Synchrotron Infrared. RSC PublishingteaJf. Biomedical Applications of. Synchrotron Light Germany. David Moss.
Biomedical Applications of Synchrotron Infrared Microspectroscopy Edited by David Moss Synchrotron Light Germany Source ANKA, Karlsruhe Research Center, Karlsruhe, RSC PublishingteaJf Contents Section
More informationComparative Degradation Effects of Sesame and Soybean Oil during Heating using Microwave Irradiation
Journal of Scientific & Industrial Research Vol 73, August 2014, pp. 547-552 Comparative Degradation Effects of Sesame and Soybean Oil during Heating using Microwave Irradiation J Ghosh*, A Banerjee, S
More informationAPPLICATION OF FTIR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY FOR DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE IN HYDROLYSATES OF SELECTED STARCHES
RESEARCH PAPERS FACULTY OF MATERIALS SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY IN TRNAVA SLOVAK UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY IN BRATISLAVA 10.2478/rput-2013-0019 2013, Volume 21, Special Number APPLICATION OF FTIR-ATR SPECTROSCOPY
More informationCHAPTER 4 CLASSIFICATION OF HEART MURMURS USING WAVELETS AND NEURAL NETWORKS
52 CHAPTER 4 CLASSIFICATION OF HEART MURMURS USING WAVELETS AND NEURAL NETWORKS 4.1 INTRODUCTION Heart auscultation is the process of interpreting sounds produced by the turbulent flow of blood into and
More informationPROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH MODIFIED BY PECTIN
E_E0026 1 PROPERTIES OF THERMOPLASTIC CASSAVA STARCH MODIFIED BY PECTIN Worawan Pattanasin, Jutarat Prachayawarakorn* Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Mongkut s Institute of Technology
More informationQA/QC of sugars using the Agilent Cary 630 ATR-FTIR analyzer
QA/QC of sugars using the Agilent Cary 630 ATR-FTIR analyzer Application note Food testing and agriculture Zubair Farooq and Ashraf A. Ismail McGill University McGill IR Group Department of Food Science
More informationChapter 12: Mass Spectrometry: molecular weight of the sample
Structure Determination: hapter 12: Mass Spectrometry- molecular weight of the sample; formula hapter 12: Infrared Spectroscopy- indicated which functional groups are present hapter 13: Nuclear Magnetic
More informationSulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO 2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms
Supporting Information for Sulfate Radical-Mediated Degradation of Sulfadiazine by CuFeO 2 Rhombohedral Crystal-Catalyzed Peroxymonosulfate: Synergistic Effects and Mechanisms Submitted by Yong Feng, Deli
More informationQingbo Li, Qishuo Gao, and Guangjun Zhang. 1. Introduction
Spectroscopy Volume 213, Article ID 916351, 5 pages http://dx.doi.org/1155/213/916351 Research Article Improved Extended Multiplicative Scatter Correction Algorithm Applied in Blood Glucose Noninvasive
More informationARTICLE IN PRESS. Received: 25 February 2012/ Accepted: 30 April Wageningen Academic Publishers
Quality Assurance and Safety of Crops & Foods, June 03 03; online 5 (): -8 ARTICLE IN PRESS Wageningen Academic P u b l i s h e r s Comparison between artificial neural network (multi-layer perceptron)
More informationSynthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide
Chapter 5 Synthesis and Evaluation of Esterified Estolide 5.1 Introduction Coconut oil has a very high congelation temperature precluding its use as base oil for industrial lubricants in temperate and
More informationAOAC Research Institute Performance Tested Methods SM Program. Measurement of Free Fatty Acids Using FASafe Standard Test Kit. Certificate Report
Performance Tested Methods SM Program Measurement of Free Fatty Acids Using FASafe Standard Test Kit Certificate Number 030405 June 23, 2003 SāfTest, Inc.,. 2414 West 12 th Street, Suite 4 Tempe, Arizona
More informationEngineering the Growth of TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays on Flexible Carbon Fibre Sheets
Engineering the Growth of TiO 2 Nanotube Arrays on Flexible Carbon Fibre Sheets Peng Chen, a Li Gu, b Xiudong Xue, a Mingjuan Li a and Xuebo Cao* a a Key Lab of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province and
More informationUse of artificial neural networks to estimate production variables of broilers breeders in the production phase
British Poultry Science Volume 44, Number 2 (May 2003), pp. 211 217 Use of artificial neural networks to estimate production variables of broilers breeders in the production phase C.T.P. SALLE, A.S. GUAHYBA
More informationAnalysis of Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAMEs in Fish Oil and Animal Fat Using an Agilent J&W DB-FATWAX Ultra Inert GC Column
Application Note Food Analysis of Omega 3 and Omega 6 FAMEs in Fish Oil and Animal Fat Using an Agilent J&W DB-FATWAX Ultra Inert GC Column Authors Ingrid Van Der Meer, Yun Zou, and Gustavo Serrano Agilent
More informationFAT. Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology
FAT Dr. Shamsul Azahari Zainal Badari Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies Faculty of Human Ecology OBJECTIVES LECTURE By the end of this lecture, student can: Define what is lipid/fat
More informationSynthesis and Analysis of Optical Transmission/ Capacitance Bridge System for Oil Deterioration Identification
International Journal of Instrumentation Science 2013, 2(2): 41-45 DOI: 10.5923/j.instrument.20130202.04 Synthesis and Analysis of Optical Transmission/ Capacitance Bridge System for Oil Deterioration
More informationDetermination of Lard in Mixture of Body Fats of Mutton and Cow by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy
JOURNAL OF OLEO SCIENCE Copyright 2003 by Japan Oil Chemists Society JOS Determination of Lard in Mixture of Body Fats of Mutton and Cow by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy Irwandi JASWIR 1, Mohamed
More informationAutomated FT-IR screening method for cocaine identification in seized drug samples
Automated FT-IR screening method for cocaine identification in seized drug samples Application note Forensics Authors Dipak Mainali Agilent Technologies, USA Introduction Quick and presumptive identification
More informationDairy Update. finnesota EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ANIMAL SCIENCE EXTENSION. Issue 112 November, 1992
, finnesota EXTENSION SERVICE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ANIMAL SCIENCE EXTENSION Department of Animal Science 101 Haecker Hall 1364 Eckles Avenue St. Paul, Minnesota 55108 (612) 624 4995 FAX: (612) 625 1283
More informationArtificial Neural Networks to Determine Source of Acoustic Emission and Damage Detection
Artificial Neural Networks to Determine Source of Acoustic Emission and Damage Detection Mehrdad Shafiei Dizaji 1, Farzad Shafiei Dizaji 2 1 Former graduate, Department of Civil Engineering, Sharif University
More informationAuto-Encoder Pre-Training of Segmented-Memory Recurrent Neural Networks
Auto-Encoder Pre-Training of Segmented-Memory Recurrent Neural Networks Stefan Glüge, Ronald Böck and Andreas Wendemuth Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology Cognitive Systems Group,
More informationUse of Near Infrared Analysis for the Evaluation of Rice Quality. Glenn Merberg, Ph.D. B. Raymond Oberg
Use of Near Infrared Analysis for the Evaluation of Rice Quality Glenn Merberg, Ph.D. B. Raymond Oberg Presented at the 26th Rice Technical Working Group San Antonio, Texas February 1996 Use of Near Infrared
More informationA STUDY OF MOISTURE EFFECTS ON THE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERAL AND PALM OIL-BASED INSULATION OILS
A STUDY OF MOISTURE EFFECTS ON THE BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE AND SPECTRAL CHARACTERISTICS OF MINERAL AND PALM OIL-BASED INSULATION OILS Sharin Ab Ghani 1,2, Nor Asiah Muhamad 2, Imran Sutan Chairul 1 and Norhashidah
More informationAutomatic Definition of Planning Target Volume in Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy
Automatic Definition of Planning Target Volume in Computer-Assisted Radiotherapy Angelo Zizzari Department of Cybernetics, School of Systems Engineering The University of Reading, Whiteknights, PO Box
More informationUse of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and machine learning to detect the adulteration of extra virgin olive oils
PO-CON1811E Use of MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry and machine learning to detect the adulteration of extra virgin olive oils ASMS 218 MP 21 Simona Salivo 1 ; Tom K. Abban 1 ; Ismael Duque 2 ; Luis Mancera
More informationSTANDARD FOR FISH OILS CODEX STAN Adopted in 2017.
STANDARD FOR FISH OILS CODEX STAN 329-2017 Adopted in 2017. CODEX STAN 329-2017 2 1. SCOPE This Standard applies to the fish oils described in section 2 that are presented in a state for human consumption.
More informationQuality of the 2017 spring canola harvested in western Canada
Quality of the 2017 spring canola harvested in western Canada Véronique J. Barthet Oilseeds Program Manager Contact: Véronique J. Barthet Oilseeds Program Manager Tel : 204-984-5174 Email: veronique.barthet@grainscanada.gc.ca
More informationAn intelligent system for the characterization of hyperlipidemic blood and a comparative study on the efficacy of statins
Oriental Journal of Computer Science & Technology Vol. 1(1), 69-74 (2008) An intelligent system for the characterization of hyperlipidemic blood and a comparative study on the efficacy of statins S. DJODILATCHOUMY
More informationEquation y = a + b*x Adj. R-Square Value Standard Error Intercept E Slope
Absorbance (a.u.) 4 3 2 1 Equation y = a + b*x Adj. R-Square 0.99826 Value Standard Error Intercept 4.08326E-4 0.02916 Slope 1.58874 0.02503 0 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 Electron concentration (mmol/l)
More informationEVALUATION OF STORAGE STABILITY OF YELLOW CAKE MADE WITH RED PALM FAT
Journal of Oil Palm Research (Special Issue - April 2006), EVALUATION p. 81-86 OF STORAGE STABILITY OF YELLOW CAKE MADE WITH RED PALM FAT EVALUATION OF STORAGE STABILITY OF YELLOW CAKE MADE WITH RED PALM
More informationSynergic effect of Citric Acid and Red Onion skin extract on the Oxidative stability of Vegetable Oil O.AKARANTA AND A.A AKAHO
JASEM ISSN 1119-8362 All rights reserved Full-text Available Online at www.ajol.info and www.bioline.org.br/ja J. Appl. Sci. Environ. Manage. Dec, 212 Vol. 16 (4337- -343 Synergic effect of Citric Acid
More informationUtilization of fish byproducts and preserving the positive health effects in pelagic fish products
Utilization of fish byproducts and preserving the positive health effects in pelagic fish products Revilija Mozuraityte SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture SINTEF Fisheries and Aquaculture SINTEF Fisheries
More informationDirect monitoring of lipid oxidation in edible oils by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy
Chemistry and Physics of Lipids 134 (2005) 173 182 Direct monitoring of lipid oxidation in edible oils by Fourier transform Raman spectroscopy Barbara Muik a, b, Bernhard Lendl b, Antonio Molina-Díaz a,
More informationBiceps Activity EMG Pattern Recognition Using Neural Networks
Biceps Activity EMG Pattern Recognition Using eural etworks K. Sundaraj University Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP) School of Mechatronic Engineering 0600 Jejawi - Perlis MALAYSIA kenneth@unimap.edu.my Abstract:
More informationMore performance, more quality. Additives for the industrial deep-frying of meat, poultry and fish
More performance, more quality Additives for the industrial deep-frying of meat, poultry and fish Healthy deep-frying Breaded fish as well as meat and poultry probably present the greatest challenge to
More informationFood Chemistry 90 (2005)
Food Chemistry 90 (2005) 815 819 Food Chemistry www.elsevier.com/locate/foodchem Analysis of potential lard adulteration in chocolate and chocolate products using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
More informationBacterial adhesion is important for understanding biofilm formation, pathogen and contaminant transport, and bioremediation of soil and water. Bacterial adhesion represents the attachment of the bacteria
More informationA physico-chemical study for some edible oils properties
10.2478/auoc-2013-0020 Ovidius University Annals of Chemistry Volume 24, Number 2, pp.121-126, 2013 A physico-chemical study for some edible s properties Anișoara-Arleziana NEAGU 1, Irina NIȚĂ* 1, Elisabeta
More information