PROCEEDINGS. The 6 th ISTAP International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production

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1 The 6 th ISTAP International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production PROCEEDINGS October 20-22, 2015 Yogyakarta Indonesia ISBN: Published by: Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta, Indonesia, 2015

2 PROCEEDINGS The 6 th ISTAP International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production Published by: Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada ISBN: , Faculty of Animal Science Universitas Gadjah Mada No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any forms or by any means, electronic or mechanical, now known or heretofore invented, without written permission from the publisher. Address: Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada Jl. Fauna 3, Kampus UGM, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, Indonesia Phone : / Fax : istap@ugm.ac.id Website:

3 Editor-in-Chief Cuk Tri Noviandi Editorial Board Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi Zaenal Bachruddin Ristianto Utomo Widodo Soeparno Yuny Erwanto Adiarto Ismaya Tety Hartatik Wihandoyo Endang Baliarti Krishna Agung Santosa Sudi Nurtini Budi Guntoro Nanung Danar Dono Zuprizal Keshav L. Maharjan Henning Otte Hansen Yukinori Yoshimura Allen Young Yanin Opatpatanakit (Hiroshima University, Japan) (University of Copenhagen, Denmark) (Hiroshima University, Japan) (Utah State University, USA) (Maejo University, Thailand) Editorial Staff Rima Amalia EW, Prisilia Putri S, Miftahush S Haq, Septi Mulatmi, Aditya Alqamal, Riyan Nugroho A, Pradiptya AH, Satyaguna R, Zefanya AG, Bagas Pamungkas

4 REPORT FROM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE Dear all of the scientists, delegates, participants, ladies and gentlemen, Praise be to The Almighty for His Merciful and Beneficent to raise up this memorable moment for all of the scientists and delegates from all over the world who were interested in Animal Science field to meet up together. On behalf of all the members of Board Committee, it is my great pleasure and honor to welcome all of you and impress thankful, and present a high appreciation for your participation in joining the 6 th ISTAP in Yogyakarta, one of the Special Region in Indonesia where culture and tradition live in harmony with the modern nuance and educational spirit makes it a beautiful venue of this seminar. During this event, we have distinguished scientists from all over the world to present plenary papers Livestock Management, Production, and Environment; Feed, Land, and Landscape for Sustainable Animal Production; Livestock Industry and Technology; Economics, Social, and Culture in Livestock Development; and Special issue on Halal Food, Safety and Regulation. It is noted that around 200 scientists as well as livestock producers, companies, graduate and postgraduate students from 15 countries attend the seminar; and more than 160 research papers will be presented. We can see great enthusiasm of all the scientists to solve livestock problems as well as to share valuable information and knowledge for human prosperity all over the world. The 6 th ISTAP Program consists of scientific and technical programs as well as social and cultural activities. The scientific and technical programs offer 4 plenary sessions, field trip, and many scientific sessions (both oral and poster presentation). The social and cultural programs of the 6 th ISTAP are very important as the scientific and technical programs since the promotion of friendship and future scientific cooperation are also central to this seminar. Opening Ceremony offers you the Seminar Program a glance. Participants will attend a warm invitation from Dean Faculty of Animal Science UGM in a Welcome Dinner that will give you the most memorable moment to attend. Field trip activity offers a wonderful sightseeing to the most spectacular natural landmark in Yogyakarta, Merapi Lava Tour and Ulen Sentalu Museum. We do hope that you will not miss any of these wonderful opportunities. Closing Ceremony will be held on October 22 nd, 2015, immediately after the last session of presentation. The 6th ISTAP award will be announced for some participant as an appreciation for their valuable research. Finally, on behalf of 6 th ISTAP Committee, I wish all of the participants having a great achievement of success and fulfill the expectation as well as enjoying the interaction with all scientists participating in the seminar. High appreciation I may acknowledge to the Rector of Universitas Gadjah Mada and Dean Faculty of Animal Science UGM, who have concerned to facilitate the seminar site host. Special thank to the Steering Committee, Scientific Committee, Reviewers and Editorial Boards for their great contribution to make the seminar successfully organized. Terima kasih (Thank you). Sincerely Yours, Prof. I Gede Suparta Budisatria, Ph.D Chairman The Organizing Committee of the 6 th ISTAP iv

5 LIST OF CONTENTS PREFACE...iii REPORT FROM ORGANIZING COMMITTEE...iv WELCOME ADDRESS...v OPENING REMARKS...vi LIST OF CONTENTS...vii PLENARY SESSION 1. Strategies to Increase the Domestic Production of Raw Milk in Indonesia and Other South East Asian Countries John Moran and Phillip Morey Nutritional Challenges of Lactating Dairy Cattle in a Tropical Climate J. K. Bernard Feed, Land, and Landscape for Sustainable Animal Production Shaukat A. Abdulrazak a and Isaac M. Osugab Food Safety Regulation and Halal Food Issues in Indonesia Roy Sparringa Extension System for Livestock Development in Developing Countries: Knowledge Management Application Budi Guntoro Structural Development of Livestock Farms in a Global Perspective Henning Otte Hansen Whole Farm Problems with Heat Stress It s Not Just for Lactating Dairy Cows Allen Young LEAD PAPER 1. Antimicrobial Peptides Expression for Defense System in Chicken Gastrointestinal and Reproductive Organs Yukinori Yoshimura, Bambang Ariyadi, and Naoki Isobe Improving Technology Adoption and Sustainability of Programs to Increase Bali Cattle Productivity in West Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia Yusuf A. Sutaryono, T. Panjaitan, and Dahlanuddin The Role of Family Poultry Systems in Tropical Countries Yusuf L. Henuk, Monchai Duangjinda, and Chris A. Bailey vii

6 SUPPORTING PAPERS Part I Animal Feed and Nutrition 1. NM-03-P 2. NM-04-P 3. NM-05-O 4. NM-08-P The Marl and Kaolin in Broiler Diet: Effects on the Bone Weight and the Cutting Yield D. Ouachem, A. Meredef, and N. Kaboul The Effect of Liquid Nanocapsule Level on Broiler Fat Quality Andri Kusmayadi, Zuprizal, Supadmo, Nanung Danar Dono, Tri Yuwanta, Ari Kusuma Wati, Ronny Martien, Sundari Production and Egg Quality of Quail Layer Given Diets Containing Different Levels of Crab (Portunus pelagicus) by-product Meal K.G. Wiryawan, Syamsuhaidi, D.K. Purnamasari, and T.S. Binetra A Preliminary Study on the Use of Enzyme and Organic Acids in Rice Bran-containing Diet at Two Levels of Dietary Protein for Rabbit Tuti Haryati and Yono C. Raharjo NM-09-O Efficacy of Toxin Binder in Reducing Induced Aflatoxin B and Ochratoxin A in Broiler Feed Anjum Khalique, Muhammad Umer Zahid, Jibran Hussain, Zahid Rasool NM-10-O 7. NM-11-O 8. NM-12-O 9. NM-13-O Evaluation of Local Feed in Broiler Diets in Small Scale Farm in Palu Central Sulawesi Hafsah, Hidayat, Fatmawati, M. Sagaf, Mappiratu, and T. Sapan Digestibility and Nutritional Value of Gedi (Abelmoschus manihot (L.) Medik) Leaves Meal in the Diet of Broilers Jet Saartje Mandey, Hendrawan Soetanto, Osfar Sjofjan, Bernat Tulung Utilization of Skipjack Tuna (Katsuwonus pelamis L.) Gill in Diet as a Source of Protein on Carcass Quality of Broiler Chickens Jein Rinny Leke, Jet S. Mandey, Meity Sompie, Fenny R. Wolayan The Dynamics of Indigenous Probiotics Lactic Acid Bacteria on Growth Performance, Total Adherence Bacteria, and Short-Chain Fatty Acids Production in the Ileum of Male Quail Sri Harimurti, Sri Sudaryati and Bambang Ariyadi viii

7 PART II Animal Breeding and Reproduction 79. PPE-01-P Identification of Pure Breed Bali Cattle by Using Molecular Approach Endang Tri Margawati, Indriawati, Slamet Diah Volkandari and Muhammad Ridwan PPE-02-P 81. PPE-03-O 82. PPE-04-P 83. PPE-05-P Milk Transmitting Ability of Saanen Bucks under Intensive Management Anneke Anggraeni Genetic Markers of Twinning Births of Local Beef Cattle and Its Crossbreds in Indonesian A. Anggraeni, S. A. Asmarasari, H. Hasinah, C. Talib and B. Tiesnamurti Association of Prolactin Gene with Egg Production in PMp Ducks T. Susanti and I. P. Sari Microsatellite analysis of genetic diversity in Pekin, Alabio, and their crossbred duck populations L. Hardi Prasetyo, T. Susanti, T. Purwadaria PPE-08-P Genotypic Profile of Ettawa Grade Goat with Different Head and Neck Color Based on MC1R Gene Dyah Maharani, I Gede Suparta Budisatria, Panjono, Tety Hartatik and Slamet Diah Volkandari PPE-09-O 86. PPE-10-O 87. PPE-11-O 88. PPE-12-O Polymorphism of Promoter Prolactine Gene and Its Association with Egg Production of Selected Indonesian Kampung Chicken (KUB) Tike Sartika Qualitative And Quantitative Traits of Kokok Balenggek Chicken, the Rare Indigeneous Chicken in West Sumatera Firda Arlina, Hafil Abbas, Sarbaini Anwar, Jamsari Phenotype Measurements of Bali Cattle Combined with Interviews of Farmers from Multiple Locations in Indonesia as a Resource for Development of Breeding Programs Ann Eriksson, Endang Tri Margawati, Indriawati, Ronny Rachman Noor, Goran Andersson, Emma M Svensson Investigating the genetic status of Bali cattle in Indonesia using large scale genotyping Emma Svensson, Ann Eriksson, Ida Clemensson Lindell, Endang Tri Margawati, Rere Indriawati, Ronny Rachman Noor and Göran Andersson xvi

8 89. PPE-14-P Genetic Variation and Phylogenetic Tree of Indonesian domestic Goat Tety Hartatik, Kustantinah, Ristianto Utomo and Lies Mira Yusiati PRP-01-O Identification of GH Alu-I Gene Polymorphisms in Indonesian Simeulue Buffalo Eka Meutia Sari, Mohd. Agus Nashri Abdullah, Mohd. Yunus, Elmy Mariana, Eryk Andreas PRP-02-O Reproduction Performance of Bali Cow at Three Areas of Bali Province Andoyo Supriyantono PRP-03-O Blood Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolemia Rattus norvegicus L. Fed with Sausages Containing Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids Rio Olympias Sujarwanta, Edi Suryanto, Setiyono, Supadmo, Rusman, Jamhari, Yuny Erwanto PRP-04-O 94. PRP-05-O 95. PRP-06-P 96. PRP-08-P The Effect of Kayu Akway (Drymis sp) Extract on The Number of Leukocyte of The Male Mice (Mus musculus L) Purwaningsih, Angelina N. Tethool In Vitro Maturation Rate of Bligon Goat Oocytes Supplemented with Gonadotrophin Diah Tri Widayati and Mulyoto Pangestu A Preliminary Study of the Use of Hormones on the Reproductive Performance of some Breeds of Rabbits Bayu D. P. Soewandi and Yono C. Raharjo The use of vaginal smear method based on the morphology of the vaginal mucosa epithelial cells for the dairy cows cycle estrus detection Riyanto, J., Sunarto, S. D. Widyawati and Lutojo PRP-09-P Optimization of Bovine Sperm Sexing: Modification of Column Length and Separation Time Riasari Gail Sianturi and D.A. Kusumaningrum PRP-10-O 99. PRP-11-O The Detailed Motility and Velocity Characteristics of Rams Spermatozoa as Assessed by Computer-Aided Semen Analysis. Ismaya The Effect of Trehalose Level In Tris-based Medium On Sperm Membrane Integrity of Boer Goat Semen After Cooling Nurul Isnaini, Trinil Susilawati and Luqman Hakim xvii

9 131. SK-12-P 132. SK-13-O 133. SK-15-P Potential and Opportunities of Livestock Development in 24 Locations PSDSK Assistance of BPTP Support for Food Security Titim Rahmawati and Yoshi Tri Sulistyaningsih Cattle Farmer s Characteristics In West Timor (Case Study on Nekmese Farmers Group, Usapinonot, North Central Timor, Nusa Tenggara Timur) Paulus Klau Tahuk., Endang Baliarti., Subur Priyono Sasmito Budhi and Panjono Estimation of the Peranakan Ongole Cattle Output in Klirong, Kebumen, Central of Java Sumadi, N. Ngadiyono, C. T. Noviandi, D. T. Widayati Animal Products Technology 134. TD-01-O 135. TD-02-O 136. TD-04-O 137. TD-05-O 138. TD-06-O 139. TD-07-O 140. TD-08-O Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa and Schleichera oleosa Liquid Smoke on Lipid Content, Lipid Oxidation and Residual Nitrite in Se i (Rotenese Smoked Beef) Gemini E.M. Malelak, I.G.N. Jelantik, Maria R. Denoratu, Geertruida M Sipahelut, I.G.N. Jelantik Chemical Composition and Antioxidative Potential of Chicken Sausage with Substitution of Tempe Jamhari, Yuny Erwanto, Listia Kusumasari Nurhanifah In Vitro Antioxidant Activity of Beef Lung Protein Hydrolysates Khothibul Umam Al Awwaly, Suharjono Triatmojo, Wayan T. Artama, Yuny Erwanto Carcass Production and Chevon Quality of Kacang Buck Reared Traditionally in Grobogan, Central Java, Indonesia Retno Adiwinarti, I Gede Suparta Budisatria, Kustantinah, Rusman Fraud Identification in Meatballs Product Using Porcine Detection KIT and Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods Tridjoko Murti, Christina Admantin, Umar Santoso, Dyah Widiasih, Aris Haryanto Identification of Dog Meat Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Dyah Ayu Widiasih, Cynthia Debbi Ratnasari, Yatri Drastini, Tridjoko Wisnu Murti Study on the Physico-Chemical Characteristics and Microstructure of Meat from Goat Given Ration Papaya Leaves (Carica papaya L.) Muh. Ichsan Haris, Soeparno, Umar Santoso, Rusman xxi

10 The 6 th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Blood Lipid Profile of Hypercholesterolemia Rattus norvegicus L. Fed with Sausages Containing Omega 3 and Omega 6 Fatty Acids Rio Olympias Sujarwanta 1, Edi Suryanto 1, Setiyono 1, Supadmo 1, Rusman 1, Jamhari 1, Yuny Erwanto 1 1 Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia Corresponding rioolympias@gmail.com ABSTRACT: The experiment was conducted to investigate blood lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia Rattus norvegicus L. fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. Twenty four male Sprague dawley breed rats of two months old were used in this experiment and placed in individual cage. They were grouped into four groups consisted of six rats and fed with basal ration, and drinking water ad lib. The rats were given sausages with different level of omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with ratio of 1 : The levels were 1.78 g/ rat/day (low level); 3.56 g/rat/day (medium level); and 7.11 g/rat/day (high level); and control. Blood was taken at the venous sinus retro-orbital of rats for the lipid profile analysis (cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein). The data of lipid profile were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and the differences between means were tested by Duncan s new multiple range test. The feeding of sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 influenced significantly on the blood lipid profile of rats (P<0.05). The blood of rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids at the level of 7.11 g/rat/day (high level) had lower cholesterol ±5.65 mg/dl, triglyceride 81.55±7.35 mg/dl, and low density lipoprotein 50.56±6.41 mg/dl, and had higher high density lipoprotein 64.51±3.43 mg/dl compared to control that contained cholesterol ±6.51 mg/dl, triglyceride ±9.27 mg/dl, and low density lipoprotein ±5.97 mg/dl, and high density lipoprotein 20.98±2.36 mg/dl (P<0.05). In conclusion, the rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids at low, medium, and high levels improve the blood profile of rats in term of decrease of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein and of increase of high density lipoprotein. Keywords: Sausages, Lipid profile, Blood, Rattus norvegicus L., Hypercholesterolemia INTRODUCTION The degenerative diseases such as coronary heart disease and stroke were increased. The increasing of degenerative diseases mostly caused by consuming fast food or foodstuffs from animal origin. Meat derived from livestock slaughtered in Indonesia has low quality. This is due to the origin of livestock that used as draught cattle, so that the meat yielded contains a lot of saturated fatty acid and cholesterol (Setiyono, 2008). The consumption of meat containing a lot of saturated fatty acids and cholesterol is related to negative impact on health or significant health problems, including coronary heart disease and stroke (Krummel, 2008). Setiyono, (2008) reported that the Ongole cross breed meat fattening by feedlots contained fat 5.98% (Longissimus dorsi muscle) and 5.87% (Biceps femoris muscle) and contained cholesterol mg/100 g of meat (Longissimus dorsi muscle) and mg/100 g of meat (Biceps femoris muscle). According to Singapore General Hospital in Muharrami (2011) and Anonymous (2015 a ) the normal blood lipid profile contained cholesterol < 200 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDL) < 130 mg/dl, high- 480

11 The 6 th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia density lipoprotein (HDL) > 40 mg/dl, and triglycerides < 200 mg/dl. The bloods which contain cholesterol higher than 200 mg/dl is called hypercholesterolemia and related to atherosclerosis. There are various prevention efforts of hypercholesterolemia. One of the prevention effort could be conducted by consuming healthy meat product such as sausages that contained omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids. The food containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with the ideal ratio could overcome the cholesterol problems in the blood (Setiyono, 2008; Elmadfa and Kornsteiner, 2009; Anonymous, 2015 b ). The feeding of sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids from animal and plant such as cod liver oil and corn oil could reduce the cholesterol content in the blood. Therefore, the biological test on Rattus norvegicus L. needs to be conducted to prove that the sausages could reduce the cholesterol content in the blood of rats. The experiment was conducted to investigate the blood lipid profile of hypercholesterolemia Rattus norvegicus L. fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with ratio of 1 : MATERIALS AND METHODS The materials used in the experiment consisted of twenty four male Sprague dawley breed rats of two months old (we used the Sprague dawley breed rats in this experiment because of the rats have a good responses when used as a subject in the experiment using cholesterol as an indicator (Fox et al., 1984)), individual cage, basal ration/ain-93-m (Reeves, 1997), lard/pork fat, sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with ratio of 1: 5.29 at 11.37% fat content of sausages), reagents and kits used for analysis of total cholesterol and triglycerides, and reagents and kits used for analysis of HDL cholesterol. Reagent to measure total cholesterol containing phosphate buffer, 4-aminophenazone, phenol, peroxidase, cholesterol esterase, and cholesterol oxidase. Reagent to measure triglycerides containing phosphate buffer, 4-chlorophenol, ATP, Mg 2+, glycerokinase, peroxidase, lipoprotein lipase, 4-aminophenazone, and glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase, while the reagents used to measure HDL cholesterol containing N,N-bis (4-sulfobutyl)-mtoluidine disodium salt (DSBmT), cholesterol oxidase, peroxidase, 4-aminoantipyrine, cholesterol esterase, and detergents. This experiment was conducted for 35 days and divided into three stages of experiment. In the first stage, twenty four male Sprague dawley breed rats of two months old were fed with basal ration/ain-93-m and drinking water ad lib for 7 days. In the second stage, they were fed with lard 4 g/rat/day until hypercholesterolemia/blood cholesterol > 200 mg/dl for 14 days. In the third stage, they were grouped into four groups consisted of six rats. The groups were: P1(control); P2 (basal ration/ain-93-m + sausages 1.78 g/rat/day); P3 (basal ration/ain-93-m + sausages 3.56 g/rat/day); and P4 (basal ration/ain-93-m + sausages 7.11 g/rat/day). The treatment was conducted for 14 days. Blood was taken at the end of each stage for the lipid profile analysis including cholesterol, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein (LDL), and high density lipoprotein (HDL). Blood was taken by using microcapiler hematocrit at the venous sinus retro-orbital of rats (Hrapkiewicz et al., 1998). Total cholesterol and HDL cholesterol were analyzed by using CHOD-PAP (cholesterol oxidase-p-aminophenazone) method. Triglyceride were analyzed using GPO-PAP (glycerol-3-phosphate oxidase-p-aminophenazone) method (Rodriguez et al., 2000). LDL cholesterol were calculated mathematically (LDL cholesterol (mg/dl) = (total cholesterol (mg/dl) HDL cholesterol (mg/dl)) (triglycerides (mg/dl) / 5) (Ginsberg et al., 1998). The data of lipid profile were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance and the differences between means were tested by Duncan s new multiple range test (Steel and Torrie, 1993). 481

12 The 6 th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Table 1. Blood lipid profile of Rattus norvegicus L. fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with ratio 1 : 5.29 at low, medium, and high levels Variable Feeding sausages/sausages levels Control 1.78 g/rat/day 3.56 g/rat/day 7.11 g/rat/day Cholesterol (mg/dl) First stagens ± ± ± ±3.04 Second stagens ± ± ± ±5.99 Third stage ±6.51 d ±4.45 c ±5.23 b ±5.65 a LDL (mg/dl) First stage 42.63±4.19 b 37.87±3.49 a 39.34±2.81 ab 36.39±2.61 a Second stagens ± ± ± ±5.98 Third stage ±5.97 d 76.93±4.17 c 64.31±4.98 b 50.56±6.41 a HDL (mg/dl) First stagens 75.73± ± ± ±4.37 Second stagens 23.29± ± ± ±3.85 Third stage 20.98±2.36 a 35.20±4.02 b 48.85±4.21 c 64.51±3.43 d Triglycerides (mg/dl) First stage 72.08±5.91 b 64.53±3.00 a 69.37±3.39 ab 64.96±2.96 a Second stagens ± ± ± ±8.12 Third stage ±9.27 d ±5.35 c 98.07±6.69 b 81.55±7.35 a abcd Superscripts at the same row indicate significant differences (P<0.05) The data of blood lipid profile were shown at Table 1. The feeding of sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 influenced significantly on the blood lipid profile of rats (P<0.05). The feeding of sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with ratio of 1 : 5.29 at low, medium, and high levels decreased cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) but it increased high density lipoprotein (HDL). The blood of rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids at the level of 1.78 g/rat/day (low level) contained cholesterol ±4.45 mg/dl, triglyceride ±5.35 mg/dl, LDL 76.93±4.17 mg/dl, and HDL 35.20±4.02 mg/dl. The blood of rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids at the level of 3.56 g/rat/day (medium level) contained cholesterol ±5.23 mg/dl, triglyceride 98.07±6.69 mg/dl, LDL 64.31±4.98 mg/dl, and HDL 48.85±4.21 mg/dl. The blood of rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids at the level of 7.11 g/rat/day (high level) contained cholesterol ±5.65 mg/dl, triglyceride 81.55±7.35 mg/dl, LDL 50.56±6.41 mg/dl, and HDL 64.51±3.43 mg/dl. The blood of rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids at the level of 1.78 g/rat/day (low level); 3.56 g/rat/day (medium level); and 7.11 g/rat/day (high level) had lower cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL, and had higher HDL compared to control that contained cholesterol ±6.51 mg/dl, triglyceride ±9.27 mg/dl, LDL ±5.97 mg/ dl, and HDL 20.98±2.36 mg/dl. The blood lipid profile of rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids was in agreement with the Singapore General Hospital in Muharrami (2011) and Anonymous (2015 a ) regarding to their blood lipid profile which contained cholesterol < 200 mg/dl, low density lipoprotein (LDL) < 130 mg/dl, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) > 40 mg/ dl, and triglycerides < 200 mg/dl. 482

13 The 6 th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with the ideal ratio affected low density lipoprotein (LDL) receptors, decreased very low density lipoprotein (VLDL), decreased apolipoprotein B as the component of low density lipoprotein (LDL), and increased apolipoprotein A1 as the component of high density lipoprotein (HDL) therefore blood LDL of rats decreased while blood HDL of rats increased. HDL could decrease blood cholesterol because of the HDL function in the blood which pick up cholesterol from tissues to the liver then degraded or converted to bile acids (Assmann and Schulte, 1992; Mayes, 1996; Pastore, 2003; Setiyono, 2008; Elmadfa and Kornsteiner, 2009; Siri- Tarino et al., 2010) therefore the feeding of sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 with the ideal ratio on rats decreased blood cholesterol of rats because the cholesterol was used as the component of bile acids production. Omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with the ideal ratio also affected the activity of the lipoprotein lipase enzyme. The lipoprotein lipase enzyme degraded triglycerides in chylomicrons and VLDL into glycerol and fatty acids (Assmann and Schulte, 1992; Mayes, 1996; Pastore, 2003; Setiyono, 2008; Elmadfa and Kornsteiner, 2009; Siri-Tarino et al., 2010) therefore the increase of lipoprotein lipase enzyme activity could decrease blood triglycerides of rats. LDL is the metabolic products of VLDL, therefore decrease of the VLDL because the feeding of sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 with the ideal ratio on rats could decrease blood LDL of rats. Linolenic/α-linolenic fatty acid (omega 3 fatty acid) converted into eicosa pentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosa hexaenoic acid (DHA) and linoleic fatty acid (omega 6 fatty acid) converted into arachidonic fatty acid (Anonymous, 2013). EPA and DHA could reduce VLDL, inhibit thromboxane production, increase prostacyclin, lowering blood viscosity, and prevents thrombosis (Soerjodibroto, 2005). EPA and DHA also could be lowering blood triglycerides in individuals with hypertriglyceride and prevent blood platelets. CONCLUSION The rats fed with sausages containing omega 3 and omega 6 fatty acids with ratio 1 : 5.29 at low, medium, and high levels improve the blood profile of rats in term of decrease of cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) and of increase of high density lipoprotein (HDL). REFERENCES Anonymous Synthesis of omega 3 and 6 fatty acids. Available at: themedicalbiochemistrypage. org. Accession Date: 19 th Jan Anonymous a. Cholesterol management. MOH Clinical Practice Guidelines 2/2006 in National Hearth Centre Singapore. Available at: ConditionsAndTreatments/Pages/Cholesterol-Management.aspx. Accession Date: 15 th Apr Anonymous b. Omega-3 dan Omega-6 untuk Kesehatan Jantung. Available at: Accession Date: 11 th Aug Assmann, G.P., and H. Schulte Relation of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides to incidence of atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (The Procam Experience). Am. J. Cardiol. 70: Elmadfa, I. and M. Kornsteiner Fats and fatty acid requirement for adults. J. Ann. Nutr. Metab. 75: Fox, J.G, B.J. Cohen, and F.M. Loew Laboratory animal medicine. Academic Press Inc. p Ginsberg, H.N., P.K. Etherton, B. Dennis, P.J. Elmer, A. Ershow, M. Lefevre, T. Pearson, P. 483

14 The 6 th International Seminar on Tropical Animal Production Integrated Approach in Developing Sustainable Tropical Animal Production October 20-22, 2015, Yogyakarta, Indonesia Roheim, R. Ramakrishnan, R. Reed, K. Stewart, P. Stewart, K. Phillips, and N. Anderson Effects of reducing dietary saturated fatty acids on plasma lipids and lipoproteins in healthy subjects. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, Am. Heart Assoc., Inc. 18: Hrapkiewicz, K., L. Medina and D.D. Holmes Clinical medicine of small mammals and primates. 2 nd ed. Manson Publishing, London. Krummel, D.A Medical nutrition therapy in cardiovascular disease, in: Mahan, L. K. and S. Escott Stump. Nutrition and diet therapy. 12 th ed. Saunders Company, Philadelphia. Mayes, P.A Lipid transport and storage. Harper s Biochemistry. 2 nd ed. Prentice Hall International. Muharrami, L.K Penentuan kadar kolesterol dengan metode kromatografi gas. Agrointek. Vol. 5, No. 1: Pastore, R Getting to the heart of the matter. Avalaible at: healthybytes. Reeves, P.G Components of the AIN-93 diets as improvements in the AIN-76A diet : symposium: animal diets for nutritional and toxicological research. J. Nutr. 127: Rodriguez, E., M. Gonzales, B. Caride, M.A. Lamas, dan M.C. Taboada Nutritional value of Holothuria forskali protein and effect on serum lipid profile in rats. J. Physiol. Biochem. 56: Setiyono Restrukturisasi daging sapi untuk pangan kesehatan : studi pada Rattus norvegicus L. Disertasi Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta. Siri-Tarino, P.W., Q. Sun, F.B. Hu, and R.M. Krauss Saturated fatty acids and risk of coronary heart disease: modulation by replacement nutrients. Current Atherosclerosis Reports. 12: Steel, R.G.D. and J.H. Torrie Prinsip dan prosedur statistik. Suatu pendekatan biometrik. diterjemahkan oleh M. Syah. PT. Gramedia Pustaka Utama, Jakarta. Soerjodibroto, W Lemak dalam pola makanan masyarakat Indonesia dan masyarakat kawasan Asia Pasifik lainnya: hubungannya dengan kesehatan kardiovaskular. Tesis Fakultas Kedokteran, Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta. 484

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