DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CHOLESTEROL DERIVATIVES
|
|
- Opal Horton
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES OF CHOLESTEROL DERIVATIVES ATHAR JAVED 1, MUHAMMAD AKRAM 2, MUHAMMAD IMTIAZ SHAFIQ 3 1 Department of Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore PAKISTAN, athar_pu@hotmail.com 2 Centre for Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore PAKISTAN 3 Institute of Chemistry, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore PAKISTAN Received March 31, 2006 Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ε ), dielectric loss factor (ε ), dielectric loss tangent (Tanδ) and conductance (G x ) are studied for the dilute solutions of four cholesterol derivatives namely, cholesteryl laurate, cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl benzoate in the frequency range 330 Hz to 3 MHz. All measurements are made at room temperature. The dielectric data show that molecular orientation polarization has major contribution to the observed dielectric constant ε of cholesterol derivatives in solution. A peak observed in dielectric loss factor ε curves of the solutions has been attributed to the rotational relaxation of cholesterol derivative molecules. The frequency and the strength of the observed dispersion peak have been found to be related to the structure and size of the cholesterol derivative molecules. Key words: cholesterol derivatives, liquid crystals, dielectric constant, orientation polarization, rotational relaxation. 1. INTRODUCTION Liquid crystals are states of condensed matter whose symmetries lie between those of 3-dimensionally periodic crystals and isotropic liquids [1 3]. Thermotropic liquid crystalline phases are exhibited by a large number of organic compounds whose molecules have anisotropy of shape. A typical intermolecular energy responsible for the stability of the relevant order in the medium is comparable to the thermal energy, and thus liquid crystals are soft materials. Relatively weak interactions like those between molecular dipoles or chiral centers of appropriate molecules can give rise to new types of liquid crystals. The soft nature of the medium, coupled with anisotropic optical and 1 Correspondence author. Rom. Journ. Phys., Vol. 51, Nos. 7 8, P , Bucharest, 2006
2 820 Athar Javed et al. 2 dielectric properties gives rise to many electro-optic effects at relatively low voltages. These are exploited in liquid crystal displays (LCDs), which are the lowest power (~ 1 μw/cm 2 ) consuming flat panel devices and used in all calculators, laptop and palmtop computers, cell phones, full-size television screens, etc. Liquid crystal can be classified into three different groups, nematic, smectic and cholesteric depending on the level of order in their molecular structure. Liquid crystals in the nematic group are most commonly used in LCD production because of their physical properties and wide temperature range. In the nematic phase, liquid crystal molecules are oriented on average along a particular direction. By applying an electric or magnetic field, the orientation of the molecules can be manipulated in a predictable manner. This mechanism provides the basis for LCDs. Liquid crystals exhibit interesting viscoelastic properties [4, 5]. The study of viscoelastic modes in them is important not only in understanding the structural dynamics but also in selecting suitable materials for display devices. In liquid crystals, thermal fluctuations in the average direction of orientation of the molecules (the director) result in strong fluctuations in the dielectric tensor causing intense scattering of light. Liquid crystallinity was first observed for cholesteryl benzoate [6] and the most generally used classification is based on the fact that liquid crystalline phases are known based on pure compounds dependent on the temperature (thermotropic liquid crystals) and based on solvent-solute type systems where aggregates of molecules result in liquid crystallinity (lyotropic liquid crystals) [7]. Cholesteric liquid crystals have attracted much interest over the years due to their exciting optical properties [4]. Cholesterics have also found use in very diverse products ranging from thermometers to fabric dyes. There has been an effort for some time to produce and study well-aligned cholesteric liquid crystal polymers and their cross-linked networks-permanently stabilized cholesteric liquid crystals elastomers (CLCE). Much success has been achieved in developing cholesteric polymers [8 10], aligning them by electric and magnetic fields and by surface interactions with substrates. Theoretical work, describing CLCE and their response to mechanical deformation, predicted a number of new effects, including a very rich and complex evolution of photonic band structure [11, 12]. Y. Mao et al. [11], P. A. Bermel et al. [12] and K. A. Suresh [13] described the detail theory of a few experimental results of cholesteric liquid crystals. In this paper we study experimentally the dielectric properties of some cholesterol derivatives. Cholesterol derivatives are very useful cholesteric liquid crystals and are used in many advance fields. The chemical composition of cholesterol derivatives, used in the present study, with their temperature range of liquid crystalline phase is given in the Table 1 below.
3 3 Dielectric properties of cholesterol derivatives 821 Table 1 Chemical composition of four cholesterol derivatives with their temperature range of liquid crystalline phase Cholesterol Derivatives Molecular Formula Side Chain Temperature range of Liquid Crystalline Phase Cholesteryl Laurate C 39 H 68 O 2 C 12 H 23 O 2 77 C 89 C Cholesteryl Oleate C 45 H 78 O 2 C 18 H 33 O 2 48 C 50 C Cholesteryl Nonanoate C 36 H 62 O 2 C 9 H 17 O 2 76 C 79 C Cholesteryl Benzoate C 34 H 50 O 2 C 7 H 5 O C 150 C 2. EXPERIMENTAL DETAIL Cholesteric materials (cholesteryl laurate, cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl benzoate) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Company, in powder form with 99% purity. The cholesteric liquid samples were prepared by weighing the appropriate amount of the solute and carbon tetra chloride (used as solvent). Four samples namely, sample L (cholesteryl laurate), sample O (cholesteryl oleate), sample N (cholesteryl nonanoate) and sample B (cholesteryl bebzoate) were prepared by dissolving appropriate amount of each material in carbon tetra chloride at room temperature and slowly poured into the cell of diameter 3 cm, for dielectric measurements. Dielectric constant (ε ), dielectric loss factor (ε ), dielectric loss tangent (Tanδ), and conductance (G x ) were measured in the frequency range, 330 Hz to 3 MHz at room temperature for all the four samples. The dielectric measurements were made using a bridge (TR-10C) in combination with a null detector (BDA-9) and an Oscillator (WGB-9) [14]. The complete set was TRS-10T of Ando electric company Japan. Measured quantities were the capacitance (C x ) and the conductance (G x ) of the specimen and dielectric constant (ε ) and dielectric loss factor (ε ) were calculated as [15]. Cx ε =, C a ε = Gt 2 x x ωd and Tanδ = ε /ε A ; A is the t area of the electrode in cm 2 and t is the thickness of the specimen in cm. C x is the electrostatic capacity of the specimen in pf; D is the effective electrode diameter, G x is the conductance of the specimen and ω= 2π f ( f is the measuring frequency). where C a is the capacitance of the cell with air and C a = ( )
4 822 Athar Javed et al RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Figs. 1 and 5(a) show the frequency dependence of dielectric constant ε for all the four samples and pure CCl 4 at room temperature. The comparison of dielectric constant values of all the four solutions with that of pure solvent shows that dielectric constant values of the solutions are slightly higher than those of pure solvent. From Fig. 5(a) it is clear that the dielectric constant values of pure CCl 4 remain constant with increase in frequency but there is slight monotonous decrease of ε values of the cholesterol derivative solutions with the increase in frequency. This is due to the fact that dielectric medium have orientation polarization, atomic polarization and electronic polarization, where as in case of pure CCl 4 Fig. 1 Frequency dependence of dielectric constant at room temperature for sample L, sample O, sample N, and sample B. Fig. 2 Frequency dependence of Log(ε ) at room temperature for sample L, sample O, sample N, and sample B.
5 5 Dielectric properties of cholesterol derivatives 823 (which is non-polar solvent) there is no orientation polarization and ε remains constant due to the contribution of atomic and electronic polarization of CCl 4. Figs. 2 and 3 show the frequency dependence of dielectric loss factor (ε ) and dielectric loss tangent (Tanδ) at room temperature for all the four samples. It is clear from the comparison of Figs. 2 and 5(b) that ε values of the cholesterol derivative solutions are slightly higher than those in pure CCl 4 as expected from the very low concentration of the solute in the solvent. A peak has been observed in dielectric loss factor curves of all the four samples which shift to lower frequencies with the side chain lengths of cholesteryl alkanoates. The peaks have been attributed to the rotational relaxation of the cholesterol derivative molecules in the solution. Cholesteryl oleate being heaviest reorients at the lowest frequency and cholesteryl nonanoate being lightest reorients at the high frequency. Fig. 3 Frequency dependence of Log(Tanδ) at room temperature for sample L, sample O, sample N, and sample B. Fig. 4 Frequency dependence of Log(G x ) at room temperature for sample L, sample O, sample N, and sample B.
6 824 Athar Javed et al. 6 The strength of the dispersion mechanism as indicated by the height of the loss peak also depends on the size of the side chain being maximum for cholesteryl laurate and minimum for cholesteryl nonanoate. Cholesteryl benzoate though least in molecular weight and side chain length has dielectric dispersion at lower frequency as compared to cholesteryl nonanoate which could be attributed to the presence of a bulkier benzene group in the side chain which is likely to experience more hindrance to its alignment in the applied alternating electric field. The strength of dispersion as indicated by the peak height is also much higher than that of cholesteryl nonanoate which reflects the large dipole moment of cholesteryl benzoate molecules. Similar results can be explained by comparing Figs. 3 and 5(c) because there is a little variation in ε values of the solution with frequency. Fig. 4 shows the frequency dependence of conductance at room temperature for all samples. It can be seen that G x values of all the four samples first decrease
7 7 Dielectric properties of cholesterol derivatives 825 Fig. 5 Frequency dependence of (a) ε, (b) ε, (c) Log(Tanδ), (d) Log(G x ) for carbon tetra chloride at room temperature. with increase in frequency and then increase very rapidly to many orders of magnitude. On the other hand, conductance curve of pure CCl 4 as seen from Fig. 5(d) increases monotonically with the increase in frequency. The conductivity values of the solutions are about eight orders of magnitude higher as compared to those in pure solvent at all frequencies which show that solute particles are the main source of electrical conductance in the cholesterol derivative solutions in CCl CONCLUSIONS Cholesteric liquid crystals have many applications as electro-optic materials in thin film and display devices because vertical and horizontal alignment of
8 826 Athar Javed et al. 8 liquid crystal molecules has different optical and dielectric properties. Frequency dependence of dielectric constant (ε ), dielectric loss factor (ε ), dielectric loss tangent (Tanδ) and conductance (G x ) are studied for the dilute solutions of four cholesterol derivatives (cholesteryl laurate, cholesteryl oleate, cholesteryl nonanoate and cholesteryl benzoate) in the frequency range 330 Hz to 3 MHz at room temperature. The dielectric data show that molecular orientation polarization has major contribution to the observed dielectric constant ε of cholesterol derivatives in solution. A peak observed in dielectric loss factor ε curves of the solutions has been attributed to the rotational relaxation of cholesterol derivative molecules. The frequency and the strength of the observed dispersion peak have been found to be related to the structure and size of the cholesterol derivative molecules. REFERENCES 1. D. Demus, J. Goodby, G. W. Gray, H. W. Spiess, V. Vill, Handbook of Liquid Crystals, Wiley-VCH, Vol. 1 (1998). 2. N. V. Madhusudana, Current Science, 80, (2001), T. Z. Rizvi, Journal of Molecular Liquids, 106, (2003), P. G. De Gennes and J. Prost, The physics of liquid crystals, 2nd edn., (Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1993). 5. S. Chandrasekhar, Liquid crystals, 2nd edn., (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 1992). 6. F. Reinitzer, Monatsh. Chem. 9, (1988), 421; for an English translation, see: Liq. Cryst. 5, (1989), C. Tschierske, Progress in Polymer Science, 21, (1996), H. Finkelmann and G. Rehage, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 186, (1983), N. A. Plate, Y. S. Freidzon, and V. P. Shibaev, Journal of Pure and Applied Chemistry, 57, (1985), R. Zentel, G. Reckert, S. Buslek, and H. Kapitza, Macromol. Chem. Phys., 190, (1989), Y. Mao, E. M. Terentjev, and M. Warner, Physical Review, E 64, (2001). 12. P. A. Bermel and M. Warner, Physical Review, E 65, (2002). 13. K. A. Suresh, Pramana- Journal of Physics, 61, (2003), Instruction Manual for type TR-10C, Dielectric Loss Measuring set, Ando Electric Co. Ltd., Japan, (1982). 15. Instruction Manual for type BDA-9, Null Detector, Ando Electric Co. Ltd., Japan, (1982).
Preparation of Cholesteryl Ester Liquid Crystals
Preparation of Cholesteryl Ester Liquid Crystals The procedure for temperature sensitive liquid crystals is based on G. H. Brown and J. J. Wolken, Liquid Crystals and Biological Systems, Academic Press,
More informationLIQUID CRYSTAL DISPERSIONS
.IES ON LIQUID CRYSTALS Volume 1 LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPERSIONS Paul S. Drzaic Raychem Corporation World Scientific Singapore New Jersey London Hong Kong Contents Preface Credits yii ix Introduction 1 The
More informationLiquid Crystalline and Mesomorphic Polymers
Valery P. Shibaev Editors Lui Lam Liquid Crystalline and Mesomorphic Polymers With 199 Illustrations Springer-Verlag New York Berlin Heidelberg London Paris Tokyo Hong Kong Barcelona Budapest Contents
More informationLiquid crystals; biological and artificial membranes
Liquid crystals; biological and artificial membranes Dr. István Voszka Liquid crystals: Intermediate state between liquids and crystalline solids anisotropic liquids. (anisotropy = the physical properties
More informationNANOTECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTS FOR GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CLASSES
NANOTECHNOLOGY EXPERIMENTS FOR GENERAL CHEMISTRY LABORATORY CLASSES David A. Katz Chemist, educator, and consultant Tucson, Arizona, U.S.A. Email: dkatz45@msn.com Web site: http://www.chymist.com Nanotechnology
More informationChemical Surface Transformation 1
Chemical Surface Transformation 1 Chemical reactions at Si H surfaces (inorganic and organic) can generate very thin films (sub nm thickness up to µm): inorganic layer formation by: thermal conversion:
More informationP NMR in lipid membranes. CSA recoupling.
31 P NMR in lipid membranes. CSA recoupling. Ludovic BERTHELT, Dror E. WARSCHAWSKI & Philippe F. DEVAUX 1 1 Laboratoire de physico-chimie moléculaire des membranes biologiques UPR 9052 Alpine conference
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Absorption 4 3 2 1 Intensity Energy U(R) relaxation ~~~ ~~~~~~ 2 3 4 1 S S 1 2 3 4 1 Fluoescence 4 3 2 1 Intensity H-aggregation ~~~~ J-aggregation Absorption Emission Vibrational
More informationHandbook of Liquid Crystals
Hans Kelker/Rolf Hatz Handbook of Liquid Crystals With a Contribution by Christian Schumann Eigentum der Firma Kort Eichweber Hamburg-Altona Verlag Chemie Weinheim Deerfield Beach, Florida Basel 1980 Contents
More informationCustom-Made Products / Scientific Research Instruments
Synchrotron Radiation Instruments Double Crystal Monochromator A double crystal monochromator is an instrument that extracts light of a specific wavelength using crystal diffraction. Light of various wavelengths
More informationChapter CHAPTER 7. ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO DOPED MAGESIUM ALUMIUM SILICATE GLASS-CERAMICS
Chapter 7 102 CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO DOPED MAGESIUM ALUMIUM SILICATE GLASS-CERAMICS Chapter 7 103 CHAPTER 7 ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES OF ZnO DOPED MAGNESIUM ALUMINUM SILICATE GLASS-CERAMICS
More informationMICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF POLY(ETHYLENE-ADIPATE)/ CHOLESTERYL PALMITATE BLENDS *
MICROSCOPICAL STUDY OF POLY(ETHYLENE-ADIPATE)/ CHOLESTERYL PALMITATE BLENDS * MARIA-CRISTINA POPESCU 1, CORNELIA VASILE 1, GH. SINGUREL 2 1 Romanian Academy, Petru Poni Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry,1
More informationXRD Pattern of Liquid Crystal Monomer Acrylate that Conjugated with Cholesterol and p-hydroxyphenyl- 2-Methyl Butanoic
J. Chem. Chem. Eng. 6 (2012) 199-208 D DAVID PUBLISHING XRD Pattern of Liquid Crystal Monomer Acrylate that Conjugated with Cholesterol and p-hydroxyphenyl- 2-Methyl Butanoic Afrizal 1*, Muhammad Hikam
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information Size Tunable ZnO Nanoparticles to Enhance Electron Injection in Solution Processed QLEDs Jiangyong Pan,, Jing Chen,, Qianqian Huang, Qasim Khan, Xiang Liu, Zhi Tao, Zichen Zhang,
More informationCHAPTER 6. BLUE GREEN AND UV EMITTING ZnO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED THROUGH A NON AQUEOUS ROUTE
71 CHAPTER 6 BLUE GREEN AND UV EMITTING ZnO NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED THROUGH A NON AQUEOUS ROUTE 6.1 INTRODUCTION Several techniques such as chemical vapour deposition, electrochemical deposition, thermal
More informationResearch Article Thermal and Optical Characterization of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals
International Polymer Science Volume 01, Article ID 767581, 13 pages doi:10.1155/01/767581 Research Article Thermal and Optical Characterization of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystals Robert A. Shanks and
More informationCHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND FUTURE SCOPE
CHAPTER 8 SUMMARY AND FUTURE SCOPE The potential of room temperature ferromagnetism in many diluted magnetic semiconductors has opened up a new route for realization of spintronic devices. Based on the
More informationSupplementary Material: Orientational order of carbon nanotube guests in a nematic host suspension of colloidal viral rods.
Supplementary Material: Orientational order of carbon nanotube guests in a nematic host suspension of colloidal viral rods Nicolas Puech, 1 Matthew Dennison, 2 Christophe Blanc, 3 Paul van der Schoot,
More informationPolarization and Circular Dichroism (Notes 17)
Polarization and Circular Dichroism - 2014 (Notes 17) Since is vector, if fix molec. orient., E-field interact (absorb) with molecule differently when change E-orientation (polarization) Transitions can
More informationEffect of UV curing conditions on polymerized tunable chiral nematic liquid crystals
Effect of UV curing conditions on polymerized tunable chiral nematic liquid crystals Mohammad Mohammadimasoudi* a,b, Jeroen Beeckman a,b, Kristiaan Neyts a,b a ELIS Department, Ghent University, Gent,
More informationProbing the Photonic Properties of a Cholesteric Elastomer under Biaxial Stress
Macromolecules 2005, 38, 1357-1363 1357 Probing the Photonic Properties of a Cholesteric Elastomer under Biaxial Stress Ju1 rgen Schmidtke* Physikalisches Institut, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität, Hermann-Herder-Strasse
More informationPhotosensitive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Materials
Photosensitive Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Materials A thesis submitted to Kent State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science by Nithya Leela Venkataraman
More informationContinuous Spatial Tuning of Laser Emissions in a Full Visible Spectral Range
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2011, 12, 2007-2018; doi:10.3390/ijms12032007 OPEN ACCESS Article International Journal of Molecular Sciences ISSN 1422-0067 www.mdpi.com/journal/ijms Continuous Spatial Tuning of Laser
More informationProceedings Amorphous SiC/c-ZnO-Based Lamb Mode Sensor for Liquid Environments
Proceedings Amorphous SiC/c-ZnO-Based Lamb Mode Sensor for Liquid Environments Cinzia Caliendo 1, *, Muhammad Hamidullah 1 and Farouk Laidoudi 2 1 Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR,
More informationCrystal structure of cholesteryl decanoatel
Crystal structure of cholesteryl decanoatel Vasantha Pattabh? and B. M. Craven Department of Crystallography, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 Abstract Cholesteryl decanoate (C3,HS402) is
More informationXXVI. STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION. OF AMINO-COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES.
XXVI. STUDIES ON THE INTERACTION. OF AMINO-COMPOUNDS AND CARBOHYDRATES. II. THE PREPARATION OF GLUCOSE UREIDE. BY ALEXANDER HYND. From the Department of Physiology, University of St Andrews. (Received
More informationDependence of the Optical Anisotropy of ZnO Thin Films on the Structural Properties
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 57, No. 2, August 2010, pp. 389 394 Dependence of the Optical Anisotropy of ZnO Thin Films on the Structural Properties Man-Il Kang and Sok Won Kim Department
More informationINTRODUCTION TO LIQUID CRYSTALS
INTRODUCTION TO LIQUID CRYSTALS INTRODUCTION TO LIQUID CRYSTALS Edited by E. B. Priestley Peter J. Wojtowicz Ping Sheng RCA Laboratories Princeton, New Jersey PLENUM PRESS NEW YORK AND LONDON Main entry
More informationFluid Mozaic Model of Membranes
Replacement for the 1935 Davson Danielli model Provided explanation for Gortner-Grendel lack of lipid and permitted the unit membrane model. Trans membrane protein by labelling Fry & Edidin showed that
More informationRinged spherulitic and undulated textures in the nematic phase of a mixture of trans-4-hexylcyclohexanecarboxylic and benzoic acids.
Ringed spherulitic and undulated textures in the nematic phase of a mixture of trans-4-hexylcyclohexanecarboxylic and benzoic acids. Amelia Carolina Sparavigna Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Torino,
More informationRheology of defect networks in cholesteric liquid crystals
Rheology of defect networks in cholesteric liquid crystals Laurence Ramos,* Martin Zapotocky, T. C. Lubensky, and D. A. Weitz Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
More informationOriented Sample Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Stanley J. Opella University of California, San Diego
Winter School 2016 Oriented Sample Solid-State NMR Spectroscopy Stanley J. Opella University of California, San Diego Introduction. Contents of an Escherichia coli cell is enclosed by its plasma membrane,
More informationH-NMR in liquid crystals and membranes
Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 158 (1999) 281 298 www.elsevier.nl/locate/colsurfa 2 H-NMR in liquid crystals and membranes Michael F. Brown *, Alexander A. Nevzorov 1
More informationL8: The Liquid Crystalline State
L8: The Liquid Crystalline State Jiun-Tai Chen ( 陳俊太 ) Web: http://www.jtchen.com 1 Outline History Introduction of Liquid Crystals Liquid Crystalline Mesophases Liquid Crystalline Polymers Liquid Crystal
More informationUltrasonic Transducer. Piezoelectric ceramics / Piezoelectric polymer film / Piezoelectric thin film
Ultrasonic Piezoelectric ceramics / Piezoelectric polymer film / Piezoelectric thin film Ultrasonic Technology is gentle both to the Earth and humankind Diminution of negative influences to the environment,
More information130327SCH4U_biochem April 09, 2013
Option B: B1.1 ENERGY Human Biochemistry If more energy is taken in from food than is used up, weight gain will follow. Similarly if more energy is used than we supply our body with, weight loss will occur.
More informationHeparin Sodium ヘパリンナトリウム
Heparin Sodium ヘパリンナトリウム Add the following next to Description: Identification Dissolve 1 mg each of Heparin Sodium and Heparin Sodium Reference Standard for physicochemical test in 1 ml of water, and
More informationHydrogen-Sensing Characteristics of Palladium-Doped Zinc-Oxide Nanostructures
Hydrogen-Sensing Characteristics of Palladium-Doped Zinc-Oxide Nanostructures Undergraduate Researcher Saranya Sathananthan University of Tennessee, Knoxville Faculty Mentor Vinayak P. Dravid Department
More informationFormation of multistranded β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils and their stimuli responsive magnetic behaviour in the lyotropic liquid crystals
Formation of multistranded β-lactoglobulin amyloid fibrils and their stimuli responsive magnetic behaviour in the lyotropic liquid crystals Sreenath Bolisetty Prof. Raffaele Mezzenga Food & Soft Materials
More informationNJIT SUMMER RET PROGRAM 2012 INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE BY MINA ARMANI NANO TECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Solubility and Intermolecular Forces
NJIT SUMMER RET PROGRAM 2012 INSTRUCTIONAL MODULE BY MINA ARMANI NANO TECHNOLOGY IN PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRY Solubility and Intermolecular Forces 1 Lesson 1: Like Dissolves Like Subject: Chemistry NJCCC
More informationCHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION FIELD BY CHEMICAL DOSIMETRY
CHARACTERIZATION OF THE ELECTRON BEAM RADIATION FIELD BY CHEMICAL DOSIMETRY M. R. NEMTANU, C. OPROIU, M. BRASOVEANU, M. OANE National Institute for Laser, Plasma and Radiation Physics, Electron Accelerator
More informationEffects of Anthraquinone Dye Aggregation on Selective Reflection Spectra of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal
GMCL #345339, VOL 496, ISS 1 Effects of Anthraquinone Dye Aggregation on Selective Reflection Spectra of Cholesteric Liquid Crystal V. M. Pergamenshchik, R. M. Vasyuta, O. P. Boiko, V. G. Nazarenko, L.
More informationCHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF OXALIC ACID ON THE OPTICAL, THERMAL, DIELECTRIC AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ADP CRYSTALS
67 CHAPTER 4 EFFECT OF OXALIC ACID ON THE OPTICAL, THERMAL, DIELECTRIC AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR OF ADP CRYSTALS 4.1 INTRODUCTION Oxalic acid is a hydrogen-bonded material. It is the only possible compound
More informationLECTURE 13. Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry
LECTURE 13 Dr. Teresa D. Golden University of North Texas Department of Chemistry Goniometer circle - centered at the sample, with the x-ray source and detector on the circumference of the circle. Focusing
More informationWhat is the intermolecular force present in these molecules? A) London B) dipole-dipole C) hydrogen bonding D) ion-dipole E) None. D.
REVIEW SHEET CHP 7, FRST AND DEAL 1. (7.1) Types of Attractive Forces (Intermolecular forces (IMF)). IMF s are attractive forces between molecules due to electrostatic attraction. Therefore a molecule
More informationZnO nanostructures epitaxially grown on ZnO seeded Si (100) substrates by chemical vapor deposition
ZnO nanostructures epitaxially grown on ZnO seeded Si (100) substrates by chemical vapor deposition Zhuo Chen 1, T. Salagaj 2, C. Jensen 2, K. Strobl 2, Mim Nakarmi 1, and Kai Shum 1, a 1 Physics Department,
More informationComparison of Water adsorption characteristics of oligo and polysaccharides of α-glucose studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Alfred A.
Comparison of Water adsorption characteristics of oligo and polysaccharides of α-glucose studied by Near Infrared Spectroscopy Alfred A. Christy, Department of Science, Faculty of Engineering and Science,
More information3.1 Background. Preformulation Studies
Preformulation Studies 3.1 Background Delivery of any drug requires a suitable dosage form to get optimum therapeutic effects. The development of such dosage forms fundamental properties of the drug molecule
More informationLIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS: FROM STRUCTURES TO APPLICATIONS
LIQUID CRYSTAL POLYMERS: FROM STRUCTURES TO APPLICATIONS POLYMER LIQUID CRYSTAL SERIES Edited by D. ACIERNO University of Salerno. Italy W. BROSTOW University of North Texas. USA A.A. COLLYER Sheffield
More informationAbstract. Keywords: Zinc Oxide, Eu doped ZnO, Dy doped ZnO, Thin film INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INFORMATION AND COMPUTING SCIENCE ISSN NO:
Synthesis and Structural study of Rare Earth activated ZnO Thin film Pawan Kumar Department of Physics, University Institute of Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan (Mohali), Punjab (India) e-mail-pawan.uis@cumail.in
More informationPROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY
PROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY Physical and Mathematical Sciences 2018, 52(3), p. 217 221 P h y s i c s STUDY OF THE SWELLING OF THE PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER, DEPENDING ON THE ANGLE BETWEEN THE
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information S1. Experimental Section Growth of ZnO NW film on carbon fibers. Carbon fibers are used not only as the flexible soft substrate onto which a ZnO thin film is grown at high temperature
More informationSupplementary Information: Liquid-liquid phase coexistence in lipid membranes observed by natural abundance 1 H 13 C solid-state NMR
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics. This journal is the wner Societies 28 Supplementary Information: Liquid-liquid phase coexistence in lipid membranes observed
More informationGraduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Takayama, Ikoma, Nara, , Japan.
Supporting Information for Oligo- and polyfluorenes meet cellulose alkyl esters: Retention, inversion, and racemization of circularly polarized luminescence (CPL) and circular dichroism (CD) via intermolecular
More informationOrganic Chemistry Diversity of Carbon Compounds
Organic Chemistry Diversity of Carbon Compounds Hydrocarbons The Alkanes The Alkenes The Alkynes Naming Hydrocarbons Cyclic Hydrocarbons Alkyl Groups Aromatic Hydrocarbons Naming Complex Hydrocarbons Chemical
More informationSinglet Oxygen Production Photosensitized by Fluorescein in Reversed Micellar Solutions. Norio Miyoshi and Giiti Tomita*
Singlet Oxygen Production Photosensitized by Fluorescein in Reversed Micellar Solutions Norio Miyoshi and Giiti Tomita* Institute of Biophysics, Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812,
More informationDEVELOPMENT OF TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM: OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER/TAPIOCA STARCH/TRITON X-100 LIQUID CRYSTAL
DEVELOPMENT OF TERNARY PHASE DIAGRAM: OPTICAL AND MECHANICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER/TAPIOCA STARCH/TRITON X-100 LIQUID CRYSTAL By Muhd Fazreel B Muhammad Rosli A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment
More informationStructural and Optical Properties of Single- and Few-Layer Magnetic
SUPPORTING INFORMATION Structural and Optical Properties of Single- and Few-Layer Magnetic Semiconductor CrPS 4 Jinhwan Lee 1, Taeg Yeoung Ko 2, Jung Hwa Kim 3, Hunyoung Bark 4, Byunggil Kang 4, Soon-Gil
More informationStereochemistry - Chirality. Chapter 5 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John E. McMurry
Stereochemistry - Chirality Chapter 5 Organic Chemistry, 8th Edition John E. McMurry Isomerism The two major classes of isomers are constitutional isomers and stereoisomers. Constitutional/structural isomers
More informationLiquid Crystalline Phases of DNA
Jožef Stefan Institute & Faculty of Mathemaitcs and Physics Liquid Crystalline Phases of DNA Author: Huang Peng Adviser: Prof. Dr. Rudi Podgornik Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Igor Muševič 5. June 2011 Liquid
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Figure 1: Predicted structure of the most stable {110} antiphase boundary defect in magnetite (model APB-I). a) The same structure as that shown in Fig. 1b (main text)
More informationThe Interaction between Lipid Bilayers and Biological Membranes. Chapter 18
The Interaction between Lipid Bilayers and Biological Membranes Chapter 18 Introduction Membrane & Phospholipid Bilayer Structure Membrane Lipid bilayer 2 Introduction Forces Acting between Surfaces in
More informationRheology of Wormlike Micelles
Rheology of Wormlike Micelles (ITP Complex Fluids Program 3/27/2) T1 Rheology of Wormlike Micelles Grégoire Porte Denis Roux Jean-François Berret* Sandra Lerouge Jean-Paul Decruppe Peter Lindner Laurence
More informationPalm Oil As An Alternative Dielectric Transformer Coolant
International Journal of Research in Engineering and Science (IJRES) ISSN (Online): 2320-9364, ISSN (Print): 2320-9356 Volume 2 Issue 6 ǁ June. 2014 ǁ PP.08-13 Palm Oil As An Alternative Dielectric Transformer
More informationMeasurement of viscosity of lyotropic liquid crystals by means of rotating laser-trapped microparticles
Measurement of viscosity of lyotropic liquid crystals by means of rotating laser-trapped microparticles Qingkun Liu, 1,2 Theodor Asavei, 3,4 Taewoo Lee, 1 Halina Rubinsztein-Dunlop, 3 Sailing He, 2,5 and
More informationLevel 3 Chemistry, 2007
Level 3 hemistry, 2007 Annotated answers to this organic paper. Q1 QUESTIN NE Give the proper name that gives the structure a unique name (a) Give the systematic IUPA names for the following molecules
More informationก Chirality Control on Lipid Nanotubule Morphology Investigated by Circular Dichroism 1, 1, 2, 2,,
ก Chirality Control on Lipid Nanotubule Morphology Investigated by Circular Dichroism 1, 1, 2, 2,, ก 3, 1 Yuwathida Jantippana 1, Weerawat Intaratat 1, Wisit Singhsomroje 2, Sujint Wangsuya 2, Piboon Pantu
More informationH 2 O. Liquid, solid, and vapor coexist in the same environment
Water H 2 O Liquid, solid, and vapor coexist in the same environment WATER MOLECULES FORM HYDROGEN BONDS Water is a fundamental requirement for life, so it is important to understand the structural and
More informationSpiderX. Portable Residual Stress X-Ray Diffractometer.
Portable Residual Stress X-Ray Diffractometer www.gnr.it About SpiderX GNR Analytical Instrument offers equipment based on X-Ray Diffraction to measure residual stress state and retained austenite content.
More informationAuthor(s) Ries, H. E., Jr.; Matsumoto, Mutsuo.
Electron Micrographs o f Lecithin F TitleIssue Dedicated to Professor Eiji S Retirement) Author(s) Ries, H. E., Jr.; Matsumoto, Mutsuo Citation Bulletin of the Institute for Chemi University (1975), 53(2):
More informationAFM In Liquid: A High Sensitivity Study On Biological Membranes
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2006 AFM In Liquid: A High Sensitivity Study On Biological Membranes Michael J. Higgins
More informationDye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Performance Reviewed from the Composition of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO)
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering PAPER OPEN ACCESS Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) Performance Reviewed from the Composition of Titanium Dioxide (TiO2)/Zinc Oxide (ZnO) To cite
More informationEXPERIMENTAL. PREPARATION OF MATERIALS.
F FATTY ACIDS AN By L. A. Bhatt and H. E. Watson (with 2. H. Patel). A knowledge of the solidifying point of binary mixtures of fatty acids or of their esters is of value lor determining the proportion
More informationPlease inquire for pricing and availability of listed products to our local sales representatives.
1 Liquid crystals are states (or compounds) having both fluidity like liquids and long range order like crystals. To be specific, liquid crystalline states involve an ordered molecular orientation but
More informationLIQUID CRYSTAL AS COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY: A OVERVIEW
International Journal of Pharmacy Review & Research www.ijprr.com LIQUID CRYSTAL AS COLON TARGETED DRUG DELIVERY: A OVERVIEW Sompriya Chatterjee* NSHM Knowledge Campus, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology,
More informationSAM Teachers Guide Lipids and Carbohydrates
SAM Teachers Guide Lipids and Carbohydrates Overview Students will explore the structure and function of two of the four major macromolecules, lipids and carbohydrates. They will look specifically at the
More informationSupporting Information
Supporting Information November 22, 2013 Tuneable Multicoloured Patterns From Photonic Cross Communication Between Cholesteric Liquid Crystal Droplets JungHyun Noh, Hsin-Ling Liang, Irena Drevensek-Olenik
More informationDetailed Syllabus. Waves and Modern Physics Spring 2011
Detailed Syllabus Waves and Modern Physics Spring 2011 Prof. Antonio Badolato Date Lecture Topics; Chapters from Books (G = Giancoli) Homework (HW) and Recitation (R) Assignments 12 Jan, Wed Oscillations:
More informationNANOSTRUCTURAL ZnO FABRICATION BY VAPOR-PHASE TRANSPORT IN AIR
International Journal of Modern Physics B Vol. 18, No. 0 (2004) 1 8 c World Scientific Publishing Company NANOSTRUCTURAL ZnO FABRICATION BY VAPOR-PHASE TRANSPORT IN AIR C. X. XU, X. W. SUN, B. J. CHEN,
More informationPROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY
PROCEEDINGS OF THE YEREVAN STATE UNIVERSITY Physical and Mathematical Sciences 2018, 52(2), p. 144 148 P h y s i c s DETERMINATION OF GLUCOSE CONCENTRATION IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION BY USING MODIFIED HILBERT
More informationPhotoinduced Nematic Cholesteric Structural Transitions in Liquid Crystal Cells with Homeotropic Anchoring
Mol. Cryst. Liq. Cryst., Vol. 546: pp. 202=[1672] 208=[1678], 2011 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 1542-1406 print=1563-5287 online DOI: 10.1080/15421406.2011.571161 Photoinduced Nematic
More informationPolyoxometalate Macroion Induced Phase and Morphology
Polyoxometalate Macroion Induced Phase and Morphology Instability of Lipid Membrane Benxin Jing a, Marie Hutin c, Erin Connor a, Leroy Cronin c,* and Yingxi Zhu a,b,* a Department of Chemical and Biomolecular
More informationStretching Cardiac Myocytes: A Finite Element Model of Cardiac Tissue
Megan McCain ES240 FEM Final Project December 19, 2006 Stretching Cardiac Myocytes: A Finite Element Model of Cardiac Tissue Cardiac myocytes are the cells that constitute the working muscle of the heart.
More informationImprovement of Column Spacer Uniformity in a TFT LCD Panel
Journal of the Korean Physical Society, Vol. 48, No. 2, February 2006, pp. 240 245 Improvement of Column Spacer Uniformity in a TFT LCD Panel Jung-Hyuk Cho and Jung-Min Sohn LCD Business, Samsung Electronics
More informationULTRA THIN INDIUM TIN OXIDE FILMS ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION
ULTRA THIN INDIUM TIN OXIDE FILMS ON VARIOUS SUBSTRATES BY PULSED LASER DEPOSITION X. W. Sun 1, D. H. Kim 2, and H. S. Kwok 1 1 Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, Hong Kong University of
More informationSupplementary Figure 1. Sample preparation schematic. First (Stage I), square islands of MoO 3 are prepared by either photolithography followed by
Supplementary Figure 1. Sample preparation schematic. First (Stage I), square islands of MoO 3 are prepared by either photolithography followed by thermal evaporation and liftoff or by a process where
More informationPZT/ZnO EXPERIMENT MODELLING
Mat. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. Vol. 655 2001 Materials Research Society High Frequency Thin Film Acoustic Ferroelectric Resonators Paul Kirby a, Qing-Xin Su a, Eiju Komuro b, Masaaki Imura b, Qi Zhang, and
More informationSyllabus References. Resources. Video: MRI Introduction
MRI Lesson Outline Syllabus References 9.6.4.2.5 Define precessing and relate the frequency of the precessing to the composition of the nuclei and the strength of the applied external magnetic field 9.6.4.2.6
More informationSupplementary Figures
Supplementary Figures Supplementary Fig. 1. Current density profiles for backside-plating configuration cells and the cycle stability curve with and without carbon coating. Current density profiles of
More informationarxiv:cond-mat/ v1 [cond-mat.soft] 30 Oct 2000
arxiv:cond-mat/0010484v1 [cond-mat.soft] 30 Oct 2000 Sensitive methods for estimating the anchoring strength of nematic liquid crystals on Langmuir-Blodgett monolayers of fatty acids Valentina S. U. Fazio,
More informationZinc Oxide. & Springer. Jean Geurts. Claus R Klingshirn. Andreas Waag Axel Hoffmann. Bruno K. Meyer. Towards Novel Applications
Claus R Klingshirn Bruno K. Meyer Axel Hoffmann Jean Geurts Zinc Oxide From Fundamental Properties Towards Novel Applications With 226 Figures & Springer Contents 1 Introduction 1 I. I History of ZnO Research
More information0.5 nm nm acyl tail region (hydrophobic) 1.5 nm. Hydrophobic repulsion organizes amphiphilic molecules: These scales are 5 10xk B T:
Lecture 31: Biomembranes: The hydrophobic energy scale and membrane behavior 31.1 Reading for Lectures 30-32: PKT Chapter 11 (skip Ch. 10) Upshot of last lecture: Generic membrane lipid: Can be cylindrical
More informationZnO Thin Films Generated by Ex-Situ Thermal Oxidation of Metallic Zn for Photovoltaic Applications
Macalester Journal of Physics and Astronomy Volume 4 Issue 1 Spring 2016 Article 12 May 2016 ZnO Thin Films Generated by Ex-Situ Thermal Oxidation of Metallic Zn for Photovoltaic Applications Kovas Zygas
More informationSDS-Assisted Protein Transport Through Solid-State Nanopores
Supplementary Information for: SDS-Assisted Protein Transport Through Solid-State Nanopores Laura Restrepo-Pérez 1, Shalini John 2, Aleksei Aksimentiev 2 *, Chirlmin Joo 1 *, Cees Dekker 1 * 1 Department
More informationSmall angle neutron scattering study of mixed micelles of oppositely charged surfactants
PRAMANA c Indian Academy of Sciences Vol. 71, No. 5 journal of November 2008 physics pp. 1039 1043 Small angle neutron scattering study of mixed micelles of oppositely charged surfactants J V JOSHI 1,,
More informationLIQUID JUNCTION PHOTOCELLS SYNTHESIZED WITH DYE COATED ZINC OXIDE FILMS. Department of Physics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
J Sci.Univ.Kelaniya 5 (2010) : 25-31 LIQUID JUNCTION PHOTOCELLS SYNTHESIZED WITH DYE COATED ZINC OXIDE FILMS P. SAMARASEKARA Department of Physics, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka Email:
More informationSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL. Choline Carboxylate Surfactants: Biocompatible and Highly Soluble in Water
Supplementary Material (ESI) for Green Chemistry SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL Choline Carboxylate Surfactants: Biocompatible and Highly Soluble in Water Regina Klein, a Didier Touraud, a Werner Kunz *a a Institute
More informationSupplementary figures
Supplementary figures Supplementary Figure 1. Overlaid GPC traces (RI) of the PFDMS 61 aliquot, pure PFDMS 61-b- PMVS 574 copolymer and BCP P after sulfurisation of pendant phosphines. 1 Supplementary
More informationReagent-Free Electrophoretic Synthesis of Few-Atom- Thick Metal Oxide Nanosheets
Supporting Information Reagent-Free Electrophoretic Synthesis of Few-Atom- Thick Metal Oxide Nanosheets Chengyi Hou,*,, Minwei Zhang, Lili Zhang, Yingying Tang, Hongzhi Wang, and Qijin Chi*, State Key
More information