Ex : Butter contain large proportion of short chains of fatty acids, so it has high saponification number while margarine with more long fatty acids,
|
|
- Sheena Lynne Wilkins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1
2 Lec 2 1. Saponification number Definition : The number of m gms of KOH required to saponify the free and combined fatty acids in one gram of a given fat. Uses : The amount of alkali needed to saponify a given amount of fat will depend upon the number of COOH groups. Fat with high number of COOH groups take up more Na or K and give high saponification number.
3 Ex : Butter contain large proportion of short chains of fatty acids, so it has high saponification number while margarine with more long fatty acids, so it has low saponification number. 2. Iodine number: Number of grams of iodine taken up by 100 gm s of fat. Uses : To know the degree of unsaturation of fatty acids and it is directly proportional to the content of unsaturated fatty acids ex: butter is low iodine number while sun flower is high iodine number.
4 CH3- (CH2)7- CH=CH(CH2)7-COOH + I2 CH3- (CH2)7 CH-CH (CH2)7-COOH I I 3. Acid number: Number of m gms of KOH required to neutralize the fatty acids in a gram of fat Uses: to indicate the degree of rancidity of fat. 4. Formation of soaps: Hydrolysis of a fat by an alkali is called saponification, the product is glycerol and the alkali salts of the fatty acids are called soaps. 3RCOOH+ 3 NaOH - 3RCOONa + glycerol soaps =
5 Soaps are cleaning agents contain stearic, palmitic and oleic acids predominantly and large amount of sodium or potassium salts of these acids. Sodium soaps is hard, potassium soaps are soft but costly. To make the soap good lather even with hard water add Na2CO3 or silicate in small amounts.
6 Phospholipids Define as compound lipids contain in addition to fatty acids and glycerol, phosphoric acid and nitrogen base. Distriputed in animals in liver, brain, tissues, sperm and egg yolk. In plants it is present in seeds and sprouts. Classification: 1. Glycerophosphatides: alcohol is glycerol a. Phosphatidyl choline(lecithin) b.phosphatidyl ethanol amine (cephalin) c. Phosphatidyl serine ephalin) d. Plasmalogn
7 2. Phosphosphingosides: alcohol is sphingosine (sphingol). a) lecithin Functions: prevent accumulation of fat in the liver. Absence of cholin will block the synthesis of lecithin and thus the normal transportation of lipids to and from liver. Cholin is define as lipotropic factor convert of fat(triglyceride) to phospholipid, therefore prevent the condition of fatty liver. Triglyceride(TG) cholin Phospholipid
8 b) Phosphatidyl ethanolamine(cephalin) Structurally identical to lecithin except that base ethanolamine replaces cholin. It is rich in brain and nervous tissues. Functions: a. Important in the clotting of blood. b. sources of phosphoric acid for formation of new tissues.
9 c) Phosphatidyl serine: phospholipid contain amino acid serine in place of ethanol amine. d) Plasalogen: 10% of total phospholipids are concentrated in brain, nervous tissues, muscle and mitochondria.
10 Structurally like lecithin and cephalin except that the normal ester is replaced by the ether linkage on the carbon atom C1. The nitrogen base is cholin or ethanolamine. CH2-O-CH=CH-R1 I R2-C-O- CH O I II CH2-O-P-O-CH2-CH2-NH2 I OH
11 2. phosphosphigosides: ex: sphin gomylin found in large quantities in brain and nervous tissues. Consist of : fatty acid+ phosphoric acid+ nitrogen base choline + one molecule of complex amino alcohol called sphingosine (sphingol). Clinical aspect of sphingomylin is Niemann-Pick disease, inherited disorder of sphingomylin metabolim lead to accumulation of sphingomyline in liver, spleen and brain. It called lipid storage disease(lipidosis).
12
13 Functions of phospholipids 1. Role in enzyme action: Mitochondrial enzyme system involved in oxidative phosphorylation. 2.Role in blood coagulation. Convertion of prothrombin to thrombin by active factor. 3.Role in lipid absorption in intestine. Lecithine lowers the surfac tention of water and aids in emulsification of lipid water mixtures which help in absorption of lipids from gastrointestinal ( GI ) tract. 4. Role in transport of lipids from intestine. Exogenous T.G is carried as lipoprotein complex chylomicrons,in which P.L takes an active part. 5.Role in transport of lipids from liver. Endogenous TG is carried from liver to various tissues as lipoprotein complex called very low density lipoprotein (VLDL). 6. Lipotropic action of lecithin. Cholin in lecithin act as lipotropic agent prevent fatty liver formation.
14 Glycolipids: sphingosine Cerebrosides galactose Fatty acid Consist of fatty acid, alcohol (sphingosine) and sugar galactose. It is present in large quantities in brain especially in white matter.
15 Cholesterol 1. The word chol is derived from Greek words, cho bile, steros= solid, ol= alcohol 2. All steroids have cyclopentanophenanethrene ring (A,B,C and D) called steroid nucleus. Cholesterol is called sterols because it has hydroxyl group, while steroids contain ketone groups (C=O) or carboxyl group (COOH). 3. In 70 kg man a total of 140 g of cholesterol is available, which is distributed in brain, nerves, muscles, adipose tissues, skin, blood, liver, spleen, bone marrow, alimentary tract and adrenal gland and present in all cell membranes. 4. It is a light yellow crystalline solid.
16 Soluble in organic solvents Present as free and ester cholesterol Cholesterol ultraviolet Vit D3 Ergosterol is present in plants Ergosterol ultraviolet Vit D2
17
18 Sources of Cholesterol 1. Exogenous: dietary cholesterol about 0.3gm/day. Butter, cream, milk, egg yolk and meat are rich in cholesterol. 2. Endogenous: cholesterol is synthesized by all tissues such as liver,intestine,adrenal cortex,overies,tests and placenta. Cholesterol synthesis from acetyl COA.
19 1. Regulated of body fluids Functions of Cholesterol Cholesterol is esterified with essential fatty acids to form ester cholesterol, tend to lower the plasma bad cholesterol level. 2. Formation of Vit D3, bile acid and steroid hormones (testosteron, estradiol, progesterone). 3. Neutralize the hemolytic action of number of agents like snake venoms and bacterial toxins.
20 Elimination of cholesterol: Cholesterol is eliminated from the liver by converted to 1. bile acid and bile salts that are secreted into the intestinal lumen(duodenum). Serve as a component of lipoproteins sent to the peripheral tissues.
21 Plasma Lipoproteins: Lipoproteins are spherical macromolecular complexes of lipids and specific proteins(apoproteins) or (apolipoproteins). Types of lipoproteins: 1. Chylomicrons. 2. Very low density lipoproteins(vldl). 3. Low density lipoproteins(ldl). 4. High density lipoproteins(hdl).
22 They are differ in lipid and protein in: 1. Composition 2. size 3. density 4. site of origin. Composition of lipoproteins: Composed of neutral fat(tg) and cholesterol in the core surrounded by a shell of amphipathic apo proteins, phospholipids and free cholesterol.
23
24 1.Chylpmicrons: lipoprotein particales, large size, low density, contain highest percentage of lipid(90%) and lowest percentage of protein. Function: Transport of triglyceride(comes from diet) to adipose tissues for storage and to muscles or heart for energy needs. 2. Very low density lipoproteins(vldl). synthesis in liver, it contain about 60% of (TG), convert in to LDL in the capillaries.
25
26 Function: carry lipid (TG) synthesis in the liver to the peripheral tissues. The balance between synthesis of TG in the liver and secretion as VLDL cause Fatty liver. Causes of fatty liver: 1. obesity 2.uncontrolled diabetes mellitus 3. alcoholic ingestion.
27 3. Low density lipoprotein (LDL). Particales contain much less of TG than VLDL and have high concentration of free and ester cholesterol. Most of LDL derived from VLDL. Function: Transport of cholesterol from liver to the peripheral tissues. LDL concentration in the blood has positive correlation with incidence of cardiovascular disease, so it is highly atherogenic and called ( bad cholesterol).
28 4. High density lipoprotein (HDL). Particales formed from 70% of apo protein (APO -A1) made by the liver and intestine. Functions: transport cholesterol from tissues to the liver for synthesis of bile and to steroidogenic cells for hormone synthesis. HDL designation as the ( good cholesterol) carrier. It is antiatherogenic.
29 Methods used for separation of lipoproteins: 1. Ultracentrifugation. The separation of lipoproteins depend on their densities, lipoprotein which contain high amount of fat is less dense like chylomicron. Increase density with decrease amount of fat.
30 2. Electrophoresis The mobility of lipids depend on protein content. Particles with higher content of protein move faster towards anode(+). HDL is faster, then VLDL, LDL, chylomicron.
31 Bile acid Define as watery mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. Lecithin and bile salts are the most important organic components of bile. Bile synthesis in liver, then pass through bile duct to the duodenum for digestion and absorption of fat, or be stored in gallbladder when needed for digestion(not immediately).
32 Types of bile acids: 1. Primary bile acid: Synthesis in liver from cholesterol. ex: cholic acid 2. Secondary bile acid: produced in intestine from primary bile acids by the action of bacteria. ex: deoxycholic acid and lithocholic acid. Primary bile acid acts as emulsifying agents. Before bile acids leave the liver,they are conjugated with glycine or taurine producing bile salts glycocholic acid and taurocholic acid.
33
34
35 Note: If more cholesterol enters the bile than can be solubilized by the bile salts and lecithin present, then cholesterol precipitate in gallbladder lead to gall stone disease cholelithiasis.
36
37
Lecture 3 6/28/10. Membrane Lipids. Importance of Membranes. Categories of Lipids. Lipids: Chapter 20 Sections 4-7. ! Membranes are important in
Lecture 3 Lipids: Chapter 20 Sections 4-7! The most polar lipids are found in the membranes of cells and organelles! Why?! These lipids are amphipathic! Membranes are complex and have many components Membrane
More informationLipid Chemistry. Presented By. Ayman Elsamanoudy Salwa Abo El-khair
Lipid Chemistry Presented By Ayman Elsamanoudy Salwa Abo El-khair 4 Objectives: 1. By the end of this chapter the student should be able to: define lipids. describe the biological importance of lipids.
More information15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids. Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Chapter 15 Lipids 15.1 Lipids 15.2 Fatty Acids Copyright 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc. 1 Lipids Lipids are biomolecules that contain fatty acids or a steroid nucleus. soluble in organic solvents, but
More informationMoh Tarek + Suhayb. Tamara Al-Azzeh + Asmaa Aljeelani ... Faisal
28 Moh Tarek + Suhayb Tamara Al-Azzeh + Asmaa Aljeelani... Faisal Digestion of dietary lipids Lipid digestion and absorption are complex processes. They involve soluble enzymes, substrates with different
More informationChapter 20 Lipids. Organic and Biochem
Chapter 20 Lipids rganic and Biochem 20.1 Introduction Found in living organisms Insoluble in water but Soluble in non-polar substances Example of Lipid Solvent: diethyl ether Polar groups in lipids are
More informationBiological role of lipids
Lipids Lipids Organic compounds present in living organisms, insoluble in water but able to be extracted by organic solvents such as: chloroform, acetone, benzene. Extraction = the action of taking out
More informationFunctions of Lipids. - Storage Fats are long term energy (9 kcal/g) while carbohydrates are quick energy (4 kcal/g).
Chapter 8: Lipids Functions of Lipids - Storage Fats are long term energy (9 kcal/g) while carbohydrates are quick energy (4 kcal/g). - Membrane Components Lipid barriers keep water out. - Messengers Hormones
More informationClassification, functions and structure
Classification, functions and structure Elena Rivneac PhD, Associate Professor Department of Biochemistry and Clinical Biochemistry State University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Nicolae Testemitanu" Lipids
More informationBIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 12
BIOB111_CHBIO - Tutorial activity for Session 12 General topic for week 6 Session 12 Lipids Useful Links: 1. Animations on Cholesterol (its synthesis, lifestyle factors, LDL) http://www.wiley.com/college/boyer/0470003790/animations/cholesterol/cholesterol.htm
More informationII- Compound Lipids. 1- Phospholipids
II- ompound Lipids ompound (conjugated) lipids are lipids conjugated with other substances. They include: 1- Phospholipids formed of lipid, phosphoric acid and nitrogenous base. 2- Glycolipids, formed
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
6 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 26 th 2013 Noor Salem 1 Not corrected Review Lipids are composed of two main connected parts : o Alcohol Sphingosine Glycerol o Fatty Acids (3 in number) Saturated Long Chain
More informationDefinition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups)
Lipids Definition Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups) Water Solubility (Hydrophilic) What makes molecules water soluble (hydrophilic)? Like dissolves like
More informationFactors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules
Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General structure and functional groups
More informationLipid Chemistry. Presented By. Ayman Elsamanoudy Salwa Abo El-khair
Lipid Chemistry Presented By Ayman Elsamanoudy Salwa Abo El-khair 6 1. By the end of this chapter the student should be able to: define lipids. describe the biological importance of lipids. point out basic
More informationChapter 26 Biochemistry 5th edition. phospholipids. Sphingolipids. Cholesterol. db=books&itool=toolbar
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sites/entrez? db=books&itool=toolbar 1 The surface of a soap bubble is a bilayer formed by detergent molecules 2 Chapter 26 Biochemistry 5th edition phospholipids Sphingolipids
More informationLipids Definition. Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups)
Lipids Definition Definition: Water insoluble No common structure (though generally large R groups) Water Solubility (Hydrophilic) What makes molecules water soluble (hydrophilic)? Like dissolves like
More informationI. Structure and Properties of Lipids
I. Structure and Properties of Lipids Lipids: A diverse group of compounds characterized by their low solubility in water and a high solubility in organic solvents such as chloroform and methanol. Nonpolar
More informationCholesterol and its transport. Alice Skoumalová
Cholesterol and its transport Alice Skoumalová 27 carbons Cholesterol - structure Cholesterol importance A stabilizing component of cell membranes A precursor of bile salts A precursor of steroid hormones
More informationLipids. Polar bears have a large reserve of lipids.
Chapter 28 Lipids Polar bears have a large reserve of lipids. Introduction to General, Organic, and Biochemistry, 10e John Wiley & Sons, Inc Morris Hein, Scott Pattison, and Susan Arena Course 28.1 Lipids:
More informationLIPIDS Dr. Latifah Al-Oboudi 2012
LIPIDS Dr. Latifah Al-Oboudi 2012 The Lipid Family Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols All types of lipids are: soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, benzene, and ether, but not in water. Differ
More informationIntroduction to the Study of Lipids
Introduction to the Study of Lipids Factors to Consider in the Study of Biomolecules What are the features of the basic building blocks? (ex: monosaccharides, alcohols, fatty acids, amino acids) 1) General
More informationCarboxylic acids is а compound whose characteristic functional group is the carboxyl group -COOH, example:
Carboxylic acids LECTURE 3 Carboxylic acids is а compound whose characteristic functional group is the carboxyl group -COOH, example: Lipids: classification, structure and biological role. By/Arshed Abd
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
4 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 24 th 2013 Ahmad Moayd 1 Definition and general properties refer to slide no. 2 Lipids: macromolecules made from Alcohol and Fatty acid bonded by ester linkage. Amphipathic
More informationBy: Dr Hadi Mozafari 1
Biological lipids are a chemically diverse group of compounds, the common and defining feature of which is their insolubility in water. By: Dr Hadi Mozafari 1 Fats and oils are the principal stored forms
More information2. lipophobic: Adverse to fat solvents; insoluble fat and fat solvents. 4. squalene: A cholesterol precursor found in whale liver and plants.
Chapter 5 Lipids Key Terms 1. hydrophilic: Can mix with or dissolve in water. 2. lipophobic: Adverse to fat solvents; insoluble fat and fat solvents. 3. adipocytes: Fat cells. 4. squalene: A cholesterol
More informationChemistry B11 Chapters 15 Lipids
Chapters 15 ipids ipids: are family of biomolecules that have the common property of being soluble in organic solvents but not in water. Role of lipids: they have three important roles in nature: 1. They
More informationLipids, Biological Membranes and Cellular Transport. 阮雪芬 May/9/2004
Lipids, Biological Membranes and Cellular Transport 阮雪芬 May/9/2004 Outline Introduction Fatty Acids Triacylglycerols Polar lipids Steroids and other lipids Biological membranes Membrane transport Examples
More informationDigestion and transport of TAG by plasma lipoproteins
Digestion and transport of TAG by plasma lipoproteins Lipoproteins are multimolecular complexes of lipids and proteins, they are not macromolecules They transport lipids in the plasma because lipids are
More informationCHAPTER 28 LIPIDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
28 09/16/2013 17:44:40 Page 415 APTER 28 LIPIDS SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. The lipids, which are dissimilar substances, are arbitrarily classified as a group on the basis of their solubility in fat solvents
More informationChapter 8. Functions of Lipids. Structural Nature of Lipids. BCH 4053 Spring 2001 Chapter 8 Lecture Notes. Slide 1. Slide 2.
BCH 4053 Spring 2001 Chapter 8 Lecture Notes 1 Chapter 8 Lipids 2 Functions of Lipids Energy Storage Thermal Insulation Structural Components of Membranes Protective Coatings of Plants and Insects Hormonal
More informationLIPID METABOLISM. Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI
LIPID METABOLISM Sri Widia A Jusman Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology FMUI Lipid metabolism is concerned mainly with fatty acids cholesterol Source of fatty acids from dietary fat de novo
More informationCHM333 LECTURE 34: 11/30 12/2/09 FALL 2009 Professor Christine Hrycyna
Lipid Metabolism β-oxidation FA Acetyl-CoA Triacylglycerols (TAGs) and glycogen are the two major forms of stored energy in vertebrates Glycogen can supply ATP for muscle contraction for less than an hour
More informationCHAPTER 28 LIPIDS SOLUTIONS TO REVIEW QUESTIONS
HAPTER 28 LIPIDS SLUTINS T REVIEW QUESTINS 1. The lipids, which are dissimilar substances, are arbitrarily classified as a group on the basis of their solubility in fat solvents and their insolubility
More informationPlasma lipoproteins & atherosclerosis by. Prof.Dr. Maha M. Sallam
Biochemistry Department Plasma lipoproteins & atherosclerosis by Prof.Dr. Maha M. Sallam 1 1. Recognize structures,types and role of lipoproteins in blood (Chylomicrons, VLDL, LDL and HDL). 2. Explain
More informationUnit IV Problem 3 Biochemistry: Cholesterol Metabolism and Lipoproteins
Unit IV Problem 3 Biochemistry: Cholesterol Metabolism and Lipoproteins - Cholesterol: It is a sterol which is found in all eukaryotic cells and contains an oxygen (as a hydroxyl group OH) on Carbon number
More informationTest Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition by Nelson
Test Bank for Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 5th Edition by Nelson Link download full: http://testbankair.com/download/test-bank-forlehninger-principles-of-biochemistry-5th-edition-by-nelson/ Chapter
More informationOrganic molecules highly hydrophobic and water insoluble.
UNIT 5. LIPIDS OUTLINE 5.1. Introduction. 5.2. Fatty acids. 5.3. Eicosanoids. 5.4. Triacylglycerols = Triglycerides. 5.5. Waxes. 5.6. Membrane lipids: glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids. 5.7. Isoprenoids
More informationMCQS ON LIPIDS. Dr. RUCHIKA YADU
MCQS ON LIPIDS Dr. RUCHIKA YADU Q1. THE FATS AND OILS ARE RESPECTIVELY RICH IN a) Unsaturated fatty acids b) Saturated fatty acids c) Saturated and unsaturated fatty acids d) None of these Q2. ESSENTIAL
More informationSeminar 6 Theoretical part
Seminar 6 Theoretical part Lipids are a heterogeneous group of naturally occurring organic compounds, classified together on the basis of their common solubility properties. Lipids are insoluble in water,
More informationHistory. Aron first proposed that fat may be essential for normal growth Tested on animals-vitamins A,D,E added. Fat deficiency severely affected
Chapter 5 LIPIDS History 1918 Aron first proposed that fat may be essential for normal growth Tested on animals-vitamins A,D,E added Fat deficiency severely affected Bone growth Reproduction Called Vitamin
More informationBCH 3000 PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY
BCH 3000 PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY (Semester 2-2012/13) 1 LIPID Learning outcome (Objectives) Function and distribution. Characteristics of fatty acids-structure and chemical properties. Saturated and
More informationLipid Diges.on 11/4/ CLASSIFICATION OF LIPID LIPID GLYCEROL BASED NON- GLYCEROL BASED SIMPLE COMPOUND GLYCOLIPID PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES
Lipid Diges.on 3.1 CLASSIFICATION OF LIPID LIPID GLYCEROL BASED NON- GLYCEROL BASED SIMPLE COMPOUND GLYCOLIPID PHOSPHOGLYCERIDES FATS GLUCOLIPIDS GALACTOLIPIDS LECITHINS CEPHALINS SPHINGOMYELINS CEREBROSIDES
More informationLipids: Lipid functions: Classification of lipids:
Lipids: Are heterogeneous group of compounds related to the fatty acids. Lipids are biological molecules that are insoluble in aqueous solutions and soluble in organic solvents(ether,chloroform,and benzene),
More informationLipids. Lipids. Jiří Jonák and Lenka Fialová Institute of Medical Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty of the Charles University, Prague
Lipids Jiří Jonák and Lenka Fialová Institute of Medical Biochemistry, 1st Medical Faculty of the Charles University, Prague Lipids 1. General introduction 2. Nomenclature of fatty acids 3. Degradation
More informationTopic 3: Molecular Biology
Topic 3: Molecular Biology 3.2 Carbohydrates and Lipids Essen=al Understanding: Carbon, hydrogen and oxygen are used to supply and store energy. Carbohydrates CARBOHYDRATES CHO sugars Primarily consist
More informationLipids and Classification:
Lipids and Classification: Lipids: Biological lipids are a chemically diverse group of organic compounds which are insoluble or only poorly soluble in water. They are readily soluble in non-polar solvents
More informationLIP I I P D I S & PROTEINS
LIPIDS & PROTEINS I. LIPIDS: Foods: butter, oil, Crisco, lard Commonly called fats & oils Contain more C-H bonds and less O atoms than carbohydrates. Ex: C 57 H 110 O 6 Nonpolar; therefore repel water
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
5 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 25 th 2013 Mohammad Abu Dosh Sheet 5.. Lipids ( Dr. Nafith ) : Classification of fatty acids : - they are classified depending on the existence of double bonds to : 1) Saturated
More informationCorrected by. numb. Done. Doctor. Asma Karameh. Faisal Al Khateeb. 1 P age
numb 27 Done Asma Karameh Corrected by ا لاء العجرمي Doctor Faisal Al Khateeb 1 P age DIGESTION AND TRANSPORT OF TRIACYL-GLYCEROL BY PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN General Lipids refer to a collection ofheterogeneous
More informationLipids Types, Food Sources, Functions
Lipids Types, Food Sources, Functions What Are Lipids? Lipids Diverse group of molecules that are insoluble in water Fats The lipid content of diets and foods 1 Lipids in Body Cells and Tissues Types of
More informationNafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD
Nafith Abu Tarboush DDS, MSc, PhD natarboush@ju.edu.jo www.facebook.com/natarboush Lipids (cholesterol, cholesterol esters, phospholipids & triacylglycerols) combined with proteins (apolipoprotein) in
More informationCholesterol metabolism. Function Biosynthesis Transport in the organism Hypercholesterolemia
Cholesterol metabolism Function Biosynthesis Transport in the organism Hypercholesterolemia - component of all cell membranes - precursor of bile acids steroid hormones vitamin D Cholesterol Sources: dietary
More informationChapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
More informationGeneral Biochemistry-1 BCH 202
General Biochemistry-1 BCH 202 1 I would like to acknowledge Dr. Farid Ataya for his valuable input & help in this course. 2 Outline Lipids Definition, function, fatty acids, classification: simple lipids:
More informationBiomolecules: lipids
Biomolecules: lipids Organic biomolecules: lipids Organic amphiphilic compounds insoluble in water Easily extracted from animal and vegetal cells using apolar solvents Fundamental to build cell's shape
More informationLipids digestion and absorption, Biochemistry II
Lipids digestion and absorption, blood plasma lipids, lipoproteins Biochemistry II Lecture 1 2008 (J.S.) Triacylglycerols (as well as free fatty acids and both free and esterified cholesterol) are very
More informationLesson 2. Biological Molecules. Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1
Lesson 2 Biological Molecules Introduction to Life Processes - SCI 102 1 Carbon in Biological Molecules Organic molecules contain carbon (C) and hydrogen (H) Example: glucose (C 6 H 12 O 6 ) Inorganic
More informationLIPIDS II: TRIACYLGLYCEROLS:
LIPIDS II: TRIACYLGLYCEROLS: How are they broken down? o Hydrolyzed into 3 fatty acids and 1 glycerol o Physiologically in body: Enzyme called a LIPASE present in adipocytes and intestines o Saponification
More informationFats = Lipids Organic compounds- mostly carbon Found in animals & plants Don t dissolve well in H20 Dissolve in organic solvents: ether, chloroform,
FATS Fats = Lipids Organic compounds- mostly carbon Found in animals & plants Don t dissolve well in H20 Dissolve in organic solvents: ether, chloroform, toluene, methanol Assignment Oil and Water Fats
More informationBY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE
BY: RASAQ NURUDEEN OLAJIDE LECTURE CONTENT INTRODUCTION CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS PROPERTIES OF LIPIDS REACTIONS OF LIPIDS (CHEMICAL PROPERTIES) SOME QUANTITATIVE TESTS FOR LIPIDS CHEMISTRY AND PROPERTIES
More informationChemistry 1120 Exam 2 Study Guide
Chemistry 1120 Exam 2 Study Guide Chapter 6 6.1 Know amines are derivatives of ammonia, which is not an amine. Classify amines as primary, secondary or tertiary. Master Tutor Section 6.1 Review Section
More informationCarbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids Is it made of carbohydrates? Organic compounds composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a 1:2:1 ratio. A carbohydrate with 6 carbon atoms would have
More informationLIPIDS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE
LIPIDS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE Original slides. Important. 436 Notes 438 notes Extra information رابط التعديل: https://docs.google.com/document/d/1wvdec1atp7j- ZKWOUSukSLsEcosjZ0AqV4z2VcH2TA0/edit?usp=sharing
More informationCH 3. Lipids CHAPTER SUMMARY
H 3 C H 3 C 15 H 3 C H Views of Cholesterol APTER SUMMARY 15.1 The Nature of can best be defined as biomolecules which are soluble to a great extent in solvents. In contrast to carbohydrates, proteins
More informationBIOLOGY 111. CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life Biological Molecules
BIOLOGY 111 CHAPTER 2: The Chemistry of Life Biological Molecules The Chemistry of Life : Learning Outcomes 2.4) Describe the significance of carbon in forming the basis of the four classes of biological
More informationDr. Nafith Abu Tarboush
7 Dr. Nafith Abu Tarboush June 27 th 2013 Lozan Al-Ashi Lipids The last lecture about lipids Just to refresh your memory:- What are lipids? Alcohol+fatty acid, estrefication between them gives me lipids.
More informationOrganism. Organ and organ systems. Tissue. Cells. Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids
hemistry of Life rganism rgan and organ systems Tissue ells arbohydrates Proteins Lipids Nucleic Acids Hydrocarbons, Alcohols, Phenols, Ethers, Thiols, Aldehydes, Ketones, arboxylic Acids, Esters, Amines,
More informationLipids and Membranes
Lipids Lipids are hydrophobic or amphiphilic insoluble in water soluble in organic solvents soluble in lipids Lipids are used as energy storage molecules structural components of membranes protective molecules
More informationBIOL2171 ANU TCA CYCLE
TCA CYCLE IMPORTANCE: Oxidation of 2C Acetyl Co-A 2CO 2 + 3NADH + FADH 2 (8e-s donated to O 2 in the ETC) + GTP (energy) + Heat OVERVIEW: Occurs In the mitochondrion matrix. 1. the acetyl portion of acetyl-coa
More informationANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM Lipoprotein Metabolism
ANSC/NUTR 618 LIPIDS & LIPID METABOLISM Lipoprotein Metabolism I. Chylomicrons (exogenous pathway) A. 83% triacylglycerol, 2% protein, 8% cholesterol plus cholesterol esters, 7% phospholipid (esp. phosphatidylcholine)
More informationLipids and Membranes
Lipids and Membranes Presented by Dr. Mohammad Saadeh The requirements for the Pharmaceutical Biochemistry I Philadelphia University Faculty of pharmacy Lipids and Membranes I. overview Lipids are related
More informationChapter VIII: Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui
Chapter VIII: Dr. Sameh Sarray Hlaoui Lipoproteins a Lipids are insoluble in plasma. In order to be transported they are combined with specific proteins to form lipoproteins: Clusters of proteins and lipids.
More informationChapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought
Chapter 11 Nutrition: Food for Thought Do you think about the food that goes into your body and how it affects you? How can you interpret the various nutrition information found in the press? What are
More informationBIOLOGICAL MOLECULES REVIEW-UNIT 1 1. The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation. 2.
BIOLOGICAL MOLECULES REVIEW-UNIT 1 1. The factor being tested in an experiment is the A. data. B. variable. C. conclusion. D. observation. 2. A possible explanation for an event that occurs in nature is
More informationLipids fatty, oily, or waxy hydrophobic organic compounds.
Lipids Lipids Lipids fatty, oily, or waxy hydrophobic organic compounds. u long hydrocarbon chain u composed of CHO Diverse group u fats u oils u waxes u steroids Do not form polymers u big molecules made
More informationThe Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids.
The Structure and Function of Macromolecules: Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins & Nucleic Acids. Biological Compounds Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Nucleic Acids Introduction Cells join smaller organic molecules
More informationPHOSPHOLIPIDS METABOLISM. BY Dr. Walid Said Zaki Dr. Marwa Ali LECTURER OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY
PHOSPHOLIPIDS METABOLISM BY Dr. Walid Said Zaki Dr. Marwa Ali LECTURER OF BIOCHEMISTRY AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1. State the definition and classification of Phospholipids. 2. Describe the general structure
More informationBile acid metabolism. doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc.
Bile acid metabolism doc. Ing. Zenóbia Chavková, CSc. Bile acid metabolism Importance: Availability for fat & cholesterol absorption Regulates total body pool of cholesterol Factors that synthesis promote
More informationLipids are used to store and excess energy from extra carbohydrates in animals
Lipids Lipids are a major source of energy used by cells, however lipids are more difficult for your body to break down. They produce nearly twice the amount of energy than proteins or carbohydrates. Lipids
More informationCHY2026: General Biochemistry. Unit 3: Lipid Chemistry
CHY2026: General Biochemistry Unit 3: Lipid Chemistry Lipids The are heterogeneous and are related to fatty acids They include fats, oils and waxes Fatty acids have the general formula R-COOH where R =
More informationChem 5 PAL Worksheet Lipids Smith text Chapter 15
Chem 5 PAL Worksheet Lipids Smith text Chapter 15 Principle: Fatty acids are carboxylic acids with long (usually > 14) carbon chains which can be saturated (no carbon-carbon double bonds) are unsaturated
More informationNutrients. Chapter 25 Nutrition, Metabolism, Temperature Regulation
Chapter 25 Nutrition, Metabolism, Temperature Regulation 25-1 Nutrients Chemicals used by body to produce energy, provide building blocks or function in other chemical reactions Classes Carbohydrates,
More informationEssential Components of Food
Essential Components of Food The elements of life living things are mostly (98%) made of 6 elements: C carbon H hydrogen O oxygen P phosphorus N nitrogen S sulphur -each element makes a specific number
More informationTEST BANK FOR LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY 6TH EDITION BY NELSON
Link full download: https://testbankservice.com/download/testbank-for-lehninger-principles-of-biochemistry-6th-edition-bynelson TEST BANK FOR LEHNINGER PRINCIPLES OF BIOCHEMISTRY 6TH EDITION BY NELSON
More informationEH1008 Biomolecules. Inorganic & Organic Chemistry. Water. Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry.
EH1008 Biomolecules Lecture 2: Inorganic and organic chemistry limian.zheng@ucc.ie 1 Inorganic & Organic Chemistry Inorganic Chemistry: generally, substances that do not contain carbon Inorganic molecules:
More informationPMT. What evidence in the paragraph suggests that galactose is a monosaccharide? (1)
1. Lactose is a disaccharide found in milk. In the small intestine, it is digested into glucose and galactose by the enzyme lactase. Molecules of lactase are located in the plasma membranes of cells lining
More informationGUTS Lecture Syllabus for Lipid Structure and Nomenclature
GUTS Lecture Syllabus for Lipid Structure and Nomenclature For Questions or Assistance contact: Dr. Gwen Sancar, gsancar@ad.unc.edu Learning bjectives After completing the GUTS lecture and associated self-
More informationChemistry Chapter 21
Chemistry 2100 Chapter 21 Lipids Fa3y Acids CH oleic acid (mp 4 C) CH stearic acid (mp 70 C) Triacylglycerols Fatty Acids! The fatty acid components of triglycerides have certain things in common: 1.
More information2. Simple lipids: Triacylglycerols and waxes are classified as simple lipids. The characteristics of each are described in the sections below.
Paper 4: Biomolecules and their interactions Module 21: Classification of Lipids: simple and compound lipids, phospholipids, Cholesterol OBJECTIVE The main aim of this module is to introduce the students
More informationBCM 221 LECTURES OJEMEKELE O.
BCM 221 LECTURES BY OJEMEKELE O. OUTLINE INTRODUCTION TO LIPID CHEMISTRY STORAGE OF ENERGY IN ADIPOCYTES MOBILIZATION OF ENERGY STORES IN ADIPOCYTES KETONE BODIES AND KETOSIS PYRUVATE DEHYDROGENASE COMPLEX
More informationPhysiological functions of the liver. Describe the major functions of the liver with respect to metabolism,detoxification & excretion of hydrophobic
Physiological functions of the liver. Describe the major functions of the liver with respect to metabolism,detoxification & excretion of hydrophobic substances. Describe the formation of bile,its constitents
More informationBiosynthesis of Triacylglycerides (TG) in liver. Mobilization of stored fat and oxidation of fatty acids
Biosynthesis of Triacylglycerides (TG) in liver Mobilization of stored fat and oxidation of fatty acids Activation of hormone sensitive lipase This enzyme is activated when phosphorylated (3,5 cyclic AMPdependent
More informationChemistry 1050 Exam 3 Study Guide
Chapter 12 Chemistry 1050 Exam 3 Study Guide 12.1 a) Identify alkenes, alkynes and aromatics as unsaturated hydrocarbons. Determine the number of hydrogen atoms needed to complete an alkene structure.
More information23.1 Lipid Metabolism in Animals. Chapter 23. Micelles Lipid Metabolism in. Animals. Overview of Digestion Lipid Metabolism in
Denniston Topping Caret Copyright! The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. Chapter 23 Fatty Acid Metabolism Triglycerides (Tgl) are emulsified into fat droplets
More informationImportance of Nutrition
The EAT WELL Plate Canada s food guide Food pyramid Importance of Nutrition Energy for body metabolism (nerve impulses, contraction of muscles, repair and replacement of cells Raw materials for building
More informationFATS & OILS GLOSSARY
FATS & OILS GLOSSARY Antioxidant A substance that slows or interferes with the reaction of a fat or oil with oxygen. The addition of antioxidants to fats or foods containing them retard rancidity and increases
More informationChapter 11: Lipids. Voet & Voet: Pages
Chapter 11: Lipids Voet & Voet: Pages 380-394 Slide 1 Lipids Lipids are distinguished by their high solubility in non polar solvents and low solubility in H2O Diverse group of compounds including Fats,
More informationChemistry 107 Exam 3 Study Guide
Chapter 7 Chemistry 107 Exam 3 Study Guide 7.1 Recognize the aldehyde, ketone and hydroxyl (-OH) functional groups found in carbohydrates. Differentiate between mono-, di-, and polysaccharides. Master
More information