Dr Geert Hoflack MSD Animal Health Belgium

Transcription

1 Colostrum management in Belgian Blue Cattle Dr Geert Hoflack MSD Animal Health Belgium

2 Introduction

3 Introduction

4 Introduction Courtesy of Dr. J. Coghe

5 400 SC / Year

6 Neonatal immunity Epithelio-chorial placenta 6 layers Hemo-chorial placenta 3 layers

7 Colostrum management Colostrum = liquid gold Prevention of: Omphaloflebitis Enteritis Pneumonia... Immunity: Parental: < 24h: 10 gr IgG / l serum Local: Unlimited In practice: d

8 Colostrum management Colostrum = liquid gold Lower Morbidity Lower Mortality Better ADWG Lower age at first calving Improved milk production (Tendency for) lower culling rate

9 Colostrum management Colostrum Quality Colostrum Quantity Timing of first colostrum Bacteriological quality

10 Colostrum management Colostrum Quality Colostrum Quantity Timing of first colostrum Bacteriological quality

11

12 Colostrum quality Breed differences Breed Colostrum quantity (l) Ig Concentration (g/l) BBB HF Dual purpose HF: 48 g/l BBB: 103 g/l

13 Colostrum quality Breed Dry period: > 30d Parity: > 3 > 50 g/l Nutrition during dry period Mastitis Parasitic infection...

14 Colostrum management Colostrum Quality Colostrum Quantity Timing of first colostrum Bacteriological quality

15 Colostrum supply: -10% BW < 24h? - 4l < 6h? Colostrum quantity Critical IgG mass = 100gr IgG Better: 200gr IgG 10g IgG/l serum Strive for 300gr IgG > 50 gr Ig G / l x 4l = 200 gr IgG

16 Colostrum quantity 4l x 50grIgG/l = 200 gr IgG - Low volume, higly concentrated - High volume, poorly concentrated Measure colostrum quality: colostrometer Estimate amount of colostrum necessary

17 > 50 gr Ig G / l x 4l = 200 gr Ig < 6h pp

18

19 Colostrum quality Direct method: RID (radial immunodiffusion assay) Indirect method Colostrometer: t C dependent (22 C) Brix Refractometer (optical or digital): t C independent Quigley et al., 2012 Brix 21% Colostrum IgG > 50 g/l (sens: 92,9 %, spec: 65,5%) IgG colostrum = (5,666 x Brix) - 61,896 IgG colostrum = (5,5 x Brix) g = 15,3 ; 50 g = 19,8 ; 75 g = 24,2 ; 100 g = 28,6

20 Colostrum management Colostrum Quality Colostrum Quantity Timing of first colostrum Bacteriological quality

21 Timing of first colostrum Collection: EARLY PP At calving 2h pp < 6h pp! 0 h 12 h 24 h Fat % Protein % (80% Ig)

22 Timing of first colostrum - < 6h pp, 12h pp, 24h pp - FEEDING: 2l immediately after birth: < 2h pp < > Nursing - Drinking behaviour BB: Interval parturition suckling: min = 10h! Ingested milk: - first intake: kg - within 24 h: kg

23 Esophageal feeding? Gastric tube: Colostrum: + 3h Coli enteritis dehydration Risc: Reduced Apparent Efficiency of Absorption < > Time: + 3h Ruminal drinking

24

25

26 Colostrum management Colostrum Quality Colostrum Quantity Timing of first colostrum Bacteriological quality

27 Bacteriological quality Avoid bacterial contamination FPT + Cows <> pooling Clean udder: wash + DRY Milking equipment Sanitation of colostrum-collection, - storage and - feeding equiment Buckets Teats Esophageal tube...

28 Bacteriological quality Storage < > bacterial multiplication Direct shedding or (post)harvest contamination Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis Escherichia Coli Salmonella spp. Listeria monocytogenes Mycoplasma bovis Staphylococcus aureus Campylobacter spp....

29 Storage Bacteriological quality < > bacterial multiplication Pasteurize: 60 C for 30 (- 60)min min at 60 C <> 63 C Volume! Small... Initial quality! Low... Refrigerate to 4 C Freeze 1 year < 7 d after thawing

30 FPT Failure of passive transfer < 10g IgG 1 / l serum 24-48h pp Test? Sens and Spec... RID!! Brix (Optical or Digital) Refractometry Serum total protein 52 g TP / l serum = 10g IgG 1 / l serum 55g TP / l serum in dehydrates calves Zn sulphate turbidity (serum, test fluid) Inadequate PT: Se: 1; Sp: 0,52 None entirely satisfactory... Adequate level?

31 Direct method: Serum IgG RID (radial immunodiffusion assay) Electroforesis Indirect method Serum total protein Refractometer Brix: Morrill et al., 2013 Brix 7,8% Serum IgG > 10g/l (sens: 90%, spec: 94,29%) Serum IgG = (9,12846 x Brix) 59,2122 Serum Ig G = (9 x Brix) 59

32 Serum IgG Check colostrum management Cow side in lab Calves 48-72h of age Number:?, 5 Zink sulfate turbidity test (indirect) Good (> 30 IU/l) Intermediate: long term colostrum (> 20 IU/l) Bad: blood transfusion or sell (< 20 IU/l) Cut-off: 18 IU/l 4/5 good

33 Gr/l Colostrum management: continued supplementation IgG IgM IgA Colostrum Melk Intestine: Ig A, Ig G 4 l milk vs 2 x / d 100 ml colostrum Ig G: 3.2 g vs 12 g Ig A: 0.32 g vs 0.8 g Less diarrhea (and better ADWG)

34 Colostrum management: continued supplementation

35 Colostrum management: continued supplementation Supplement 0,8% immune colostrum for 14d Prevents diarrhea after Rota challenge 2d pp: inoculation 21d pp: challenge Less diarrhea and less virus shedding Immunomodulation (beyond 14d of supplementation) Systemic: suppression of antibody secretion Local = intestine: stimulation, IgA en G

36 Colostrum management: continued supplementation Supplement 0,8% immune colostrum for 14d 4l milk/d 32ml/d 6l milk / d 48ml/d Advise: 50 ( 100) ml 2x/d 0 14 d (- 21d) pp > 7d! Goal: 10g 2x/d during 14d

37 Colostrum is more... Colostrum = liquid gold Immunonological components Immunoglobulins!!! Colostral leukocytes HUMORAL Immunity CELLULAR Immunity Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) Into peripheral circulation : peak 24h post feeding + Effects on immunity! Antigen-specific immunity! Development of the neonatal immune system

38 Colostrum is more... Colostrum = liquid gold Immunonological components Immunoglobulins!!! Colostral leukocytes Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) Into peripheral circulation + Effects on immunity! PROPER FRESH DAM COLOSTRUM < > Pooling - Ig dilution: overall lower Ig G content - Disease transmission: Johne s disease

39 Colostrum is more... Colostrum = liquid gold Immunonological components Immunoglobulins!!! Colostral leukocytes Uptake via Peyers patches (jenunum > ileum) Into peripheral circulation + Effects on immunity! Cytokines

40 Colostrum is more... Colostrum = liquid gold Immunonological components Immunoglobulins!!! Colostral leukocytes Cytokines Hormones Easily digestable concentrated nutrients (Insulin Like, Epidermal) Growth Factors, Tumor necrosis factor-α... EPITHELIOTROPIC

41 Colostrum is more... Immunonological components Immunoglobulins!!! Colostral leukocytes Cytokines Hormones Easily digestable concentrated nutrients (Insulin Like, Epidermal) Growth Factors, Tumor necrosis factor-α... Colostrum replacers? Colostrum supplements!

42 Colostrum management BB Only once colostrum 30 min after birth How: 1. Ad libitum drinking L colostrum x gr IgG (colostrum meter) 2. Continue with esophageal tube feeding Until full Do not force: 3,7 4,2l ECI Marloie when shortage: 75gr IgG / l Total: Dam + Marloie > 300 gr IgG Stand up at 4h of age No feeding until hungry: 36hpp

43 Colostrum management BB kg 16/1/6 u 1 L 50 gr gr 32, kg 18/1/6 u 3,5 L 65 gr 34, kg 21/1/15 u 4 L 87,5 gr 37, kg 24/1/08 u 4,5 L 75 gr 36, kg 26/1/09 u 4,5 L 87,5 gr 47, kg 26/1/18 u 4 L 87,5 gr 37, kg 26/1/22 u 3 L 100 gr 36, kg 26/1/23 u 3,5 L 100 gr kg 27/1/13 u 4,2 L 67,5 gr 38, kg 28/1/16 u 2 L 112,5gr + 200gr 38,1

44 Colostrum management HAND FEED SUFFICIENT AMOUNTS (4l) GOOD QUALITY (> 50 gr Ig G/l) SINGLE-SOURCE (= DAM) UNCONTAMINATED FRESH COLOSTRUM < 6H PP 200 gr

45 Thank you for your attention