Recent Mass Mortality Events Affecting Pacific Oysters in Europe. Mike Gubbins Fish health Inspectorate Cefas Weymouth
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1 Recent Mass Mortality Events Affecting Pacific Oysters in Europe Mike Gubbins Fish health Inspectorate Cefas Weymouth
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4 Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2008 Histology No listed disease Bacteriology Vibrio aestuarianus V. Splendidus V. harveyii Virology OsHV in many samples * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
5 Officially Reported Mortalities in France During 2008 Bacteriology Vibrio aestuarianus V. Splendidus * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
6 Officially Reported Mortalities in France During 2008 Bacteriology Vibrio harveyii * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
7 Officially Reported Mortalities in France During 2008 Virology OsHV-1 * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
8 Identification of OsHV-1 in 2008 OsHV-1 µvar OsHV-1 Both * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
9 Identification of OsHV-1 in 2008 OsHV-1 µvar OsHV-1 Both * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
10 Control Measures No movement control inside the country in 2008 Surveillance outside containment and/or buffer zone Surveillance within containment and/or buffer zone No treatments
11 Spread of Mortality Greater than usual mortalities appear to be linked to shellfish introductions Evidence of spread to naive stock in same areas
12 Increased Mortality in Republic of Ireland reports of abnormal mortality investigated in August OsHV-1 identified in all 3 areas Seed imports in March June, but majority from May June. Marine Institute data
13 Historical Perspective on OsHV-1 First indication of herpesvirus in oysters in associated with high mortality in hatchery reared larval gigas in France 1993 associated with spat at some sites Replication / identification of virus in other species
14 Historical Perspective on OsHV-1 Found world wide Often, but not always, associated with summer mortality
15 An Emerging Biotype of OsHV-1? % new biotype % new biotype OsHV-1 µvar in the past? 38 batches of oysters tested from previous OsHV-1, from USA, Japan, China, France Data from J. F. Pepin, Ifremer 2009
16 An Emerging Biotype of OsHV-1? % new biotype % new biotype OsHV-1 µvar in the past? 38 batches of oysters tested from previous OsHV-1, from USA, Japan, China, France None of these samples displayed the identical profile to the new biotype OsHV-1 µvar Data from J. F. Pepin, Ifremer 2009
17 Sequence differences between the µvar OsHV(PM09162)and OsHV-1 in the C2/C6 region PM09162 AAAAGTTG GGATAATGAT TTTAGAATAG ATGTGATGTG CGGCAAGATG AATGGCAAGA TACACAATGA OsHV PM09162 GCTATTACCC GACCACAAAC CTAACGTTGT ATTCGATTAC GGATTAAGAA AATGGGTTCC ACAATCTAAA OsHV-1...G PM09162 ATTAAAAAC- CCACATGGGG GCCAAGGAAT TTAAAGCCCC GGGGAAAAAA GTATAAATAG GCGCGATTTG OsHV-1...AA C...G PM09162 TCAGTTTAGA ATCATACCCA CAC--TCAAT CTCGAGTATA CCACAACTGC TAAATTAACA GCATCTACTA OsHV AC PM09162 CTACTACTG AAAAATGC AGCCTTTCAC AGAATTTTGC ACCTTGACCA AAGCCATCAC OsHV-1...AC TACTACTACT GA PM09162 ATCAGCCAGC AACGACTTTT TCATCAACCA GACGAGGTTA ACATGCGACA TTTGTAAAGA GCTCGTCTCT OsHV PM09162 TTCAATTGCA AAGATAAAGT CGTGGCATCA TTGGCTGCAG TCAGATCTGA CATACCCATA GAAGTCACGG OsHV-1...G...G PM09162 AACGCAAAGA CCTGAACCTC CTCGAC OsHV
18 2009
19 Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2009 Reported in May * IFREMER 2010, WAHID (OIE) 2009
20 Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2009 Reported in May Reported in June * IFREMER 2010, WAHID (OIE) 2009
21 Officially Reported* Mortalities in France During 2009 OsHV-1 µvar * IFREMER 2010, WAHID (OIE) 2009
22 Identification of OsHV-1 in 2008 OsHV-1 µvar OsHV-1 Both * IFREMER 2009, WAHID (OIE) 2008, 2009
23 Control Measures Controls limited to juveniles from affected areas? Only whilst mortality event causes more than 15% loss? Adult oysters allowed from all areas? No notifiable diseases found
24 Spread of Mortality Greater than usual mortalities appear to be linked to shellfish introductions Evidence of spread to naive stock in same areas
25 2009 movements for farming/purification Purification Relaying Key
26 Increased Mortality in the Republic of Ireland in samples from 17 sites 31 positive for OsHV-1 All OsHV-1 µvar All positive sites had received shellfish from France Sites that did not receive French stock were all negative for OsHV-1 Marine Institute data
27 Increased Mortality in Jersey Started in June Affected only Pacific oysters Up to 68% mortality Several areas affected Re-occurred in September Stock originated from France Epidemiology reported by Ashley Pinel at Jersey State Veterinary dept.
28 Disease Investigation Samples from Jersey (mortality event) Vibrios found of significance? PCR positive for OsHV in all groups When sequenced = OsHV-1 µvar
29 Initial Survey of England and Wales High risk sites sampled 3 Mortality events investigated No evidence for OsHV-1
30 Introduction of Community Measures?
31 Introduction of Community Measures
32 Introduction of Community Measures
33 2010? Official reports So far (May) 2 official reports
34 Monitoring Programmes Oyster herpesvirus surveillance 2010 Crassostrea gigas Site 1 Larne Lough 2 Strangford Lough 3 Dundrum Bay 4 Killough Bay
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