efficacy of di drinking water vaccination

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1 A field survey of efficacy of di drinking water vaccination Gumboro symposium Budapest, Jan 2012 G. BÁNHIDI Poultry Franchise and Technical Manager CEVA SA CEET Central & Eastern Europe and Turkey

2 Immunisation success / protection Actual immune status (MDA) Immune ability - health Disease pressure Virulence Biosecurity

3 Vaccination success Vaccine strain Program Vaccine administration Cevac Transmune trials in Europe: IBD drinking water vaccination: up to 10-20% non-vaccinated flocks 50% poorly vaccinated flocks

Chlorine neutralizer No metal tools Uniform filling of drinkers Force

4 How to do it correctly? Information: mainly from vaccine producers ~2h water deprivation Chlorine neutralizer No metal tools Uniform filling of drinkers Force birds to move Vaccination in ~2-3 hours Refill with chlorine-neutralized water Check coverage with blue dye Min. 90% : OK REALITY?? 4

5 Survey of routine drinking water vaccination Objective To assess real vaccination coverage To identify the main problems How to improve To asses achievable coverage

6 Method 9 farms, vaccination in 23 buildings Control of routine dw vaccinations D7 D28 Check list, questionary Personnel, techn. conditions, preparation, vaccine application, control, evaluation Blue dye added for control (Cevamune) Check of efficacy on min. 100 chicks Place VAKCINÁZÁSI ADATAP Azonosító: I. Telep: Állatszám: Dátum: Kor: Megye: Fajta: Állatorvos: Szokásosan itatással alkalmazott vakcinák: Ivóvizes vakcinázási mód megítélése: jó megfelelő közepes gyenge II. A vakcinázást végző beosztása: Itató típusa: People Áo. eligazítás: egyszeri rendszeres Vakcina adagolás: adagolópumpa tartály típusa: anyaga: adagolás % Áo. felügyelet: et: igen nem III. Előkészítés Vízfogyasztás: ismert feltételezett: Vízelvonás időtartama: Módja: OK megj.: Preparation Vakcina hűtési lánc OK megj.: Protektív anyag (máskor) nem igen: alkalm. módja: OK megj. : Kivitelezés Víz forrás: kommunális hálózat telepi víz (kút) Utolsó vízvizsgálat: Ampulla nyitás OK hiba: Vaccine administration Vakcina hígítás OK hiba: Vakcinázás kezdése, rendszer feltöltése OK megj.: Vakcinázás időtartama: Vakcinázás követése: itatók ellenőrzése OK megj.: mozgatás OK megj.: Vakcinázás befejezése (leürítés, újratöltés) OK megj.: Helyi megítélés: szokásos szokásostól eltérő: Összes vizsgált: Állat vizsgálat (nyelv festettsége alapján): jól vakcinázott részlegesen vakcinázott nem vakcinázott Evaluation db db db Szerológiai mintavétel: igen nem..6

7 Evaluation / Cevamune Cevamune: chlorine neutralizer and blue colourant Check of tongue coloration Strong, weak, negative Control on min. 4 x 25 birds from different parts of the poultry house Immediate corrections and comparisons in similar buildings of the same farm 7

8 Results / well done Vaccine storage and handling Vaccine preparation for distribution Immediate distribution No metal tools

9 Results / general observations 77%: done by owner or employee (non-veterinarians) How: 100% as seen or as thought be OK 7/9: no vaccine protector Water withdrawal : 0-4h45 min. Drinkers lifted 1/8 Vaccination time* : h Walking the house None: 50% 1x at start: t 50% 1.5 2h : 22% (shorter: 26%, longer: 52%) * from start of vaccination until finishing stock solution

10 Results / vaccination coverage Average of buildings vaccinated as usual (11 flocks) 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 27,3 29,4 negative weak positive 40% strong positive 30% 20% 10% 0% 43,3 ~27% of birds not vaccinated

11 Results / vaccination coverage Negatives at back wall flock average 81% 22% 64% 31% 36% 11% 92% 37% 76% 35% 42% 17% 100% 49% 48% 21% 74% 25% (9 flocks) 68.1% 28.6% Huge heterogenity within the flock

12 Results / duration of vaccination Depends on duration of water deprivation and volume of vaccinated water 4 Stability dose? duratio on of vaccina ation (h) 3,5 3 2,5 2 1,5 1 0,5 52% 22% 26% water deprivation (h) Uniformity? Proper vaccination time only in 22% of flocks

13 Main problems Uncomplete priming of drinking system Poor coverage Heterogenous vaccine uptake Lack of moving the flock Heterogenous vaccine uptake Inattention, neglect Unproper vaccination time

14 Uncomplete priming Presence of vaccine in the drinkers Start: <17> Start: <18> Start: <19> At start t = di drinkers filled At finish = stock solution consumed 45 after start: <15> water in Finish: Finish: Finish: vaccine no vaccine, clear water

15 Uncomplete priming Belief: empty pypp pipes will be filled by the dosing pump p with vaccine BUT Empty pipes are NOT empty They are NOT properly charged with vaccinated water Source: Intervet Start of vaccination:

16 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0% Effect of improved filling Controlled filling of pipes before vaccination [1-2] [7-11] [17-20] usual <1> improved <2> negative weak strong 100% 90% 17 80% 36 70% 20 60% 50% 29 40% 30% 63 20% 35 10% 0% ususal <7-8> improved <9-11> negative weak strong 100% 90% 15 80% 49 70% 33 60% 50% 40% 16 30% 52 20% 35 10% 0% usual <17> improved <20> negative weak strong 100% 90% 80% 27,3 MEAN 15,3 70% 31,8 60% 29,4 negative 50% weak 40% strong 30% 20% 43,3 53,1 10% 0% usual (11) improved (10) 16

17 Effect of improved filling Ratio of negatives improved filling 68.1% % back mean

walking 100% 90% 80% 33 19 70% 60% 50% 27 43 negative weak

18 Effect of moving the flock Walking the house To raise birds To force them closer to drinkers Effect of repeated walking 100% 90% 80% % 60% 50% negative weak 40% strong 30% 20% % 0% 1x Moving repeatedly (<15>) 18

Checking / calculating the proper quantity of water Proper water withdrawal time for each flock timed

19 Dw method how to improve It needs investments in Equipment Suitable for emptying Suitable for quick and complete charging People More people to charge properly, people to walk the houses, Time eand ddevotion o Checking / calculating the proper quantity of water Proper water withdrawal time for each flock timed start Raising lowering drinkers Proper charging: 5-15 min/line Walking the house Supervise workers / practices

20 Drinking water vaccination - summary Quality and precision is often overestimated Real coverage was ~73% Controlled filling or walking the house could increase it to ~ 85% Achievable objective could be ~85-90% Improved drinking water vaccination can not solve all field- vaccination related problems E.g. IBD vaccination difficulities: Quality of vaccination (dw method problems) Strain (cibdv - vvibdv) Timing (MDA level) Number of vaccinations (MDA heterogenity)

21 Comparison of vaccination methods by serology Biochek ELISA Serology of flocks at slaughter Drinking water 6000 vaccination Hatchery vaccination Hatchery vaccination 0 Biochek ELISA Drinking water vaccination Hatchery vaccination Hatchery vaccination Biochek ELISA Suspicion of IBDV infection Drinking water vaccination 6 33 % negatives 100 % positive Hatchery vacc.

22 Drinking water vaccination to improve or to avoid? Hatchery vaccination with immune complex IBD vaccine: No strain problem No timing problem No heterogenity problem Target of C.H.I.C.K. C program: > 98% vaccination precision No drinking water vaccination

23 Effect of moving the flock Walking the house To raise birds To force them closer to drinkers Effect of repeated walking 100% 90% 80% % 60% 50% negative weak 40% strong 30% 20% % 0% 1x Moving repeatedly (<15>) 23

Drinking water vaccination - summary Quality and precision is often overestimated Real coverage was ~73% Controlled filling or walking the house

for quick and complete charging More people to charge properly, people to walk the houses, Time and devotion Checking / calculating the proper

24 Drinking water vaccination - summary Quality and precision is often overestimated Real coverage was ~73% Controlled filling or walking the house could increase it to ~ 85% Achievable objective could be ~85-90% To improve, investments needed in Equipment People Suitable for emptying Suitable for quick and complete charging More people to charge properly, people to walk the houses, Time and devotion Checking / calculating the proper quantity of water Proper water withdrawal for each flock timed start, raised drinkers Proper charging: 5-15 min/line Walking the house Supervise workers / practices

25 Drinking water vaccination to improve or to avoid? Biochek ELISA Mean IBD titres of flocks vaccinated with different methods (tested at slaughter) Drinking water 6000 vaccination Hatchery vaccination Hatchery vaccination 0 Biochek ELISA Drinking water vaccination Hatchery vaccination Hatchery vaccination 0 Biochek ELISA Suspicionof IBDV infection Drinking water vaccination 6 33 % negatives 100 % positive Hatchery vacc.

26 Drinking water vaccination to improve or to avoid? Hatchery vaccination with immune complex IBD vaccine: No strain problem No timing problem No heterogenity problem Target of C.H.I.C.K. C program: > 98% vaccination precision No di drinking water vaccination

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