Chapter 8: Surveillance and Communicable Diseases MULTIPLE CHOICE

Transcription

1 Instant download and all chapters Test bank Public Health Science and Nursing Practice aring for Populations Savage Kub Grove hapter 8: Surveillance and ommunicable iseases MULTIPLE HOIE 1. nurse working in a community clinic noticed an unusually large number of patients with a specific type of influenza. The nurse knew that the disease was running rampant in other parts of the country, making it.. pandemic. n endemic. n epidemic. oth 1 and 2 NS: Objective: 3. Investigate the role of culture and environment in the management of an epidemic. pp Heading: Introduction oncept: Infection; ssessment ifficulty: Easy This is incorrect. pandemic is a global epidemic. This is incorrect. n endemic signifies a normal number of patients with a specific disease. n epidemic occurs when there is an increase in cases significantly higher than the usual number. This is incorrect. n epidemic occurs when there is an increase in cases significantly higher than the usual number pandemic is a global epidemic. n endemic signifies a normal number of patients with a specific disease. ON: Infection ssessment 2. nurse who treated a patient with a severe respiratory infection incorporates which of the following preventive measures to ensure the disease will not spread to others?. Use personal protection equipment (PPE). Wash hands frequently. Proper cleaning of patient areas pp

2 Heading: Introduction > ommunicable iseases and Nursing Practice oncept: Oxygenation; Infection; Safety ifficulty: Easy Using PPE is a preventive measure. Washing hands frequently is a preventive measure. Proper cleaning of patient areas is a preventive measure. Using PPE, washing hands frequently, and proper cleaning of patient areas are all preventive measures. ON: Oxygenation Infection Safety 3. When a patient shows symptoms of pneumonia, the nurse knows to first understand three key factors about the disease, including:. The infectious agents that cause disease. The environment relevant to the transmission of disease from one person to another. Who is at risk for becoming infected pp Heading: Introduction > ommunicable iseases and Nursing Practice oncept: Infection; ritical Thinking The infectious agent causing the disease is one of three key factors to understand the disease process. The environment relevant to disease transmission is one of three factors to understand the disease process. etermining who is at risk for becoming infected is one of three key factors in understanding the disease process. The infectious agent causing a disease, the environment linked to its transmission, and determining who is at risk are the three key factors in the disease process. ON: Infection ritical Thinking 4. nurse starting a new job in a pediatric clinic is reviewing a list of infectious diseases he or she might encounter in her patients. Which of these are included on her list?. hickenpox. Tuberculosis (T). Group streptococcus. oth 1 and 3

3 p. 180 Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Infectious Respiratory isease oncept: Promoting Health; Infection hickenpox is an infectious disease most frequently affecting children. T is rare in the United States and would not be on the list. Group streptococcus is an infectious disease common in children. hickenpox and group streptococcus are infectious diseases common in children. ON: Promoting Health Infection 5. Each fall, a public health nurse (PHN) working with the elderly understands that influenza peaks in and, so the PHN checks the enters for isease ontrol and Prevention s flu report that tracks trends across the country.. ecember, February. October, March. ecember, pril. September, February NS: Objective: 1. pply the cycle of transmission to specific communicable diseases. p. 180 Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Infectious Respiratory isease oncept: Infection; Promoting Health; Nursing Influenza peaks in ecember and February. This is incorrect. Influenza peaks in ecember and February. This is incorrect. Influenza peaks in ecember and February. This is incorrect. Influenza peaks in ecember and February. ON: Infection Promoting Health Nursing 6. PHN working in an Idaho clinic suspects that a patient a 30-year-old Hispanic man who was a substance abuser has HIV/IS. Which of the following might have suggested that conclusion?. He is in the 25 to 44 age group where rates are the highest.. He is Hispanic and a substance abuser.. He lives in Idaho, a state with a high percentage of HIV/IS patients.. oth 1 and 2

4 pp Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and cquired Immune eficiency Syndrome (IS) lient Need: Physiological Integrity: Physiological daptation oncept: Immunity; ddiction; iversity; ssessment HIV/IS rates are higher in this age group. Hispanics and frican mericans have the highest rate of HIV/IS. Substance abuse contributes to the prevalence. This is incorrect. The states with the greatest percentage of HIV/IS patients are alifornia, New York, Florida, Texas, and New Jersey. HIV/IS is higher in the 24 to 44 age group, in substance abusers, in Hispanics and frican mericans, and in those who live in alifornia, New York, Florida, Texas, and New Jersey. ON: Immunity ddiction iversity ssessment 7. nurse volunteering in an frican clinic notices many patients have diarrheal disease, which the nurse recognizes is spread by which of the following?. Water. Food. Person-to-person contact Objective: 1. pply the cycle of transmission to specific communicable diseases. p. 182 Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > iarrheal isease oncept: Infection; Safety iarrheal disease may be spread by infected water. iarrheal disease may be spread by infected food. iarrheal disease may be spread by person-to-person contact. The pathogens that cause diarrheal disease may be spread by infected water, food, or person-to-person contact. ON: Infection Safety 8. lthough many communicable diseases have been eradicated, new ones are appearing or old ones are morphing into new forms. Which of the following fall into the category of those not yet eradicated?. Multiple drug resistant tuberculosis (MRT). Smallpox. West Nile Virus. oth 1 and 3

5 Objective: 4. iscuss current issues related to emerging communicable diseases. p. 182 Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Emerging and Reemerging ommunicable iseases Integrated Processes: N/ lient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance ognitive Level: omprehension [Understanding] oncept: Promoting Health; Infection MRT is a drug-resistant form of T. This is incorrect. Smallpox has been eradicated. West Nile Virus is a prevalent communicable disease. West Nile Virus and MRT are communicable diseases that have not been eradicated. ON: Promoting Health Infection 9. patient showing signs of pneumonia is admitted to a hospital, where tests indicate he has highly infectious M tuberculosis, and he has had contact with many patients, employees, and family members despite isolation. n investigation team, including a PHN, should take which of the following steps to find out what went wrong?. Identify the index case, the first case identified in a particular outbreak.. Identify secondary cases, those patients who were diagnosed with active T and who had contact with the index patient.. Identify all contacts. Objective: 2. escribe the steps in outbreak investigation. pp Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Tuberculosis oncept: Infection; Safety; ritical Thinking The first step in this investigation would be identifying the first case. Secondary cases are identified as part of the investigation process. Everyone who had contact with the infected patient should be identified. Some of the steps in an outbreak investigation include identifying the first case, the secondary cases, and all those who had contact with the infected patient. ON: Infection Safety ritical Thinking 10. When treating patients that may be infectious, nurses are required to institute appropriate isolation procedures based on the known or suspected agent. These procedures are public health interventions aimed at preventing the spread of disease in:. Employees. ommunity members

6 . Other patients NS: pp Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Tuberculosis oncept: Infection; Safety ifficulty: Easy Isolation procedures are used to protect employees. Isolation procedures are used to protect community members who may come in contact with the infected patient. Isolation procedures are used to protect other patients from getting the disease. Employees, community members, and other patients are protected when nurses institute appropriate isolation procedures. ON: Infection Safety 11. PHNs are involved in protecting the population at large from the spread of infectious agents. They must be able to identify elements of the infection cycle in their patients, including. gent of infection characteristics. Mode of transmission. Lifecycle of an agent of infection Objective: 1. pply the cycle of transmission to specific communicable diseases. p. 184 Heading: Infectious gents and the ycle of Transmission oncept: Promoting Health; ssessment; Infection; Safety Identifying characteristics of the agent of infection is part of understanding the infection cycle. Uncovering the mode of transmission of an infectious agent is an important part of controlling the spread of the agent. Knowing the lifecycle of an agent of infection is an essential element in keeping the infection in check. To keep an infection from spreading, it is important to identify characteristics of the agent, uncover its mode of transmission, and know its lifecycle. ON: Promoting Health ssessment Infection Safety

7 12. Infection control nurses in two hospitals located in the same county notice an increase in positive labs for Escherichia coli (E. coli) 0157:H7 infections in their patients. They then join the investigative team and conduct which of the following steps to prevent the spread of the outbreak?. etermine if there is an epidemic.. Find a common source.. Identify the pathogen. pp Heading: Infectious gents and the ycle of Transmission > Outbreak Investigation oncept: ssessment; Infection; Safety The first step the team should take is to determine if an epidemic has occurred by reviewing related cases. It is important to find a common source, such as tainted food, and isolate it, preventing further spread of the outbreak. Identifying the pathogen by clinical parameters and patient symptoms helps investigators more closely pinpoint the characteristics of the outbreak. Steps that help prevent the spread of an outbreak include determining if an epidemic has occurred, finding a common source, and identifying the pathogen. ON: ssessment Infection Safety 13. altimore ity nurse is aware that from 2003 to 2004 the prevalence of syphilis in the city increased by 40%. s part of the investigative team, the nurse and colleagues assessed the data related to the new syphilis cases and were able to define it as an epidemic using which of the following steps?. etermine if the prevalence reached epidemic threshold.. etermine the type of epidemic.. Review demographic cases. Objective: 3. Investigate the role of culture and environment in the management of an epidemic. p. 193 Heading: Sexually Transmitted isease oncept: ssessment; Infection; ritical Thinking; Safety The epidemic threshold is used to make decisions on alerting the public about a possible epidemic. The type of epidemic relates to the specific mode of transmission. emographic cases pinpoint the geographical area where the increase is concentrated. etermining if prevalence has reached the epidemic threshold, determining the type of

8 epidemic, and reviewing demographic cases are important tools that investigators use to define an epidemic. ON: ssessment Infection ritical Thinking Safety 14. nurse working in the emergency department is aware that the flesh-eating bug can be caused by:. Staphylococcus aureus. lostridium perfringens. acteroides fragilis Objective: 4. iscuss current issues related to emerging communicable diseases. pp Heading: Sexually Transmitted isease > Risk Factors oncept: Infection Staphylococcus aureus bacteria can cause the flesh-eating bug. lostridium perfringens bacteria can cause the flesh-eating bug. acteroides fragilis can cause the flesh-eating bug. Staphylococcus aureus, lostridium perfringens, and acteroides fragilis are three of the bacteria that can cause the flesh-eating bug. ON: Infection 15. While studying communicable diseases, a PHN learns that the main objective is to control the spread of disease by. hanging the environment. ctivating the agent. Increasing host resistance. oth 1 and 3 Objective: 1. pply the cycle of transmission to specific communicable diseases. pp Heading: ontrolling ommunicable iseases Integrated Processes: Teaching/Learning oncept: Nursing Roles; Infection; Safety The spread of disease can be controlled by changing the environment, such as altering or eliminating a reservoir, controlling the vector, applying personal measures of hygiene, or using aseptic technique. This is incorrect. The agent must be deactivated to stop disease spread. The spread of disease can be stopped by increasing host resistance by administering vaccines, for example.

9 hanging the environment and increasing host resistance help stop the spread of communicable diseases. ON: Nursing Roles Infection Safety 16. Nurses give vaccinations to help increase host resistance to other diseases. mong the vaccines commonly administered are. Pneumonia. Influenza. Smallpox. oth 1 and 2 pp Heading: ontrolling ommunicable iseases lient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance ognitive Level: omprehension [Understanding] oncept: Promoting Health; Infection The pneumonia vaccine is given to help increase host resistance to other diseases. The influenza vaccine is given to help increase host resistance to other diseases. This is incorrect. Smallpox has been eradicated. oth pneumonia and influenza vaccines are among those give to increase host resistance to other diseases. ON: Promoting Health Infection 17. Several factors influence the decisions of public health agencies to make vaccines mandatory. These include. Effectiveness of the vaccine. Where the highest risk exists. Where the lowest risk exists. oth 1 and 2 Objective: 4. iscuss current issues related to emerging communicable diseases. pp Heading: ontrolling ommunicable iseases lient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance ognitive Level: omprehension [Understanding] oncept: Promoting Health; ssessment; Infection Public health agencies consider the effectiveness of a vaccine before making it mandatory. Public health agencies consider where the highest risk exists before making a vaccine

10 mandatory. This is incorrect. Low risk areas do not need mandatory vaccination. mong other factors, public health agencies consider effectiveness of vaccines and the highest risk areas before calling for mandatory vaccinations. ON: Promoting Health ssessment Infection 18. ommunicable diseases that a nurse might expect to commonly encounter in patients include:. hickenpox. T. Influenza. oth 1 and 3 NS: Objective: 4. iscuss current issues related to emerging communicable diseases. p. 180 Heading: ommunicable isease and the urden of isease > Infectious Respiratory isease oncept: Infection ifficulty: Easy nurse might encounter cases of chickenpox in her practice. This is incorrect. T is not commonly encountered in a nurse s practice. nurse might treat patients with influenza. oth chickenpox and influenza are commonly seen and treated by nurses. ON: Infection 19. ategories of infectious agents an infectious disease nurse might expect to encounter in patients include:. acteria. Mycoses. Viruses pp Heading: Infectious gents and the ycle of Transmission > gent haracteristics lient Need: Health Promotion and Maintenance oncept: Promoting Health; Infection acteria comprise an infectious agent category that a nurse might note in patients. Mycoses are an infectious agent category that a nurse might note in patients. Viruses are infectious agents that a nurse might see in patients. ommon categories of infections agents include bacteria, mycoses, and viruses.

11 ON: Promoting Health Infection 20. nurse treats a patient with Lyme disease and notes that act as vectors and transmit the agent from its reservoir to its host.. Hookworms. nthropods. Protozoa. None of the above NS: Objective: 4. iscuss current issues related to emerging communicable diseases. pp Heading: Infectious gents and the ycle of Transmission > gent haracteristics oncept: ssessment; Infection; Safety This is incorrect. Hookworms are not vectors for this disease. nthropods are insects that act as vectors and transmit the agent from its reservoir to its host. This is incorrect. Protozoa are not vectors for this disease. This is incorrect. nthropods are insects that act as vectors. ON: ssessment Infection Safety