Arboviruses in the Southern European Region

Transcription

1 Arboviruses in the Southern European Region Prague May 20 th 2015 Vittorio Sambri Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna DIMES Microbiology The Greater Romagna Hub Laboratory

2 Potential Conflict of Interest disclosure Research grants from: Roche Molecular Diagnostics BioMerieux Novartis Diagnostics Speaker fees from: TerumoBCT Roche Molecular Diagnostics BioMerieux Novartis Diagnostics - Grifols

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4 ARBOviruses Heterogenous group of viruses ARthropods (ticks mosquitoes - sandflies) BOrne Flaviviruses WNV DENV TBEV USUV Alphaviruses CHIKV Bunyaviridae CCHFV (Nairoviruses) TOSV (Phleboviruses)

5 Flamingo Nat l Park, FL. 2010

6 ARBOviruses Heterogenous group of viruses ARthropods (ticks mosquitoes - sandflies) BOrne Flaviviruses WNV DENV TBEV USUV Alphaviruses CHIKV Bunyaviridae CCHFV (Nairoviruses) TOSV (Phleboviruses)

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10 West Nile Virus (WNV) Flaviviridae (Flavivirus) ss (+) RNA Virion (spherical shape), nm envelope ( proteins E and prm) Capsid (protein C), nm vs_arbozoonet_2009

11 West Nile Cycle

12 Human Transmission Mosquito Laboratory acquired Blood transfusions and SOT Transplacental transmission Breast feeding vs_arbozoonet_2009

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14 Clinical Epidemiology of WNV infection in humans Encephalitis (meningoencephalitis) fever, weakness, headache, myalgia, nausea, vomiting ( 3 6 gg.) s_arbozoonet_2009 Incubation period: 3-14 days

15 Review HCV-3i JF Flaviviruses in Europe: Complex Circulation Patterns and Their Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, Consequences for the Diagnosis and Control of West Nile Disease Cécile Beck generation 1, Miguel times of Angel their tick Jimenez-Clavero hosts [49]. 2, Agnès Leblond 3,4, Benoît Durand 5, Norbert Nowotny Figure 6,7 1., Isabelle Genetic relatedness Leparc-Goffart flaviviruses, evaluated 8, Stéphan using genetic Zientara alignments 1, of Elsa Jourdain 4 and Sylvie Lecollinet complete 1, * genomic sequences. GenBank accession numbers are indicated on the tree mosquito-borne flaviviruses, probably as a result of a slower virus replication rate in ticks and longer branches of each virus. Aedes-borne Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, ; doi: /ijerph10 UMR1161 Virologie INRA, ANSES, ENVA, EU-RL on equine West Nile disease, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort 94704, France; s: cecile.beck@anses.fr (C.B.); No known vector stephan.zientara@anses.fr (S.Z.) Review CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos (Madrid) 28130, Spain; majimenez@inia.es Département Hippique, VetAgroSup, Marcy l Etoile 69280, Tick-borne, France; seabird group agnes.leblond@vetagro-sup.fr TYUV DQ UR346, INRA, Saint Culex-borne Genès Champanelle 63122, France; elsa.jourdain@clermont.inra.fr Sylvie Lecollinet 1, * Tick-borne, Epidemiology Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, encephalitis Maisons-Alfort 94704, France; 1 group benoit.durand@anses.fr Viral Zoonoses, Emerging and Vector-Borne Infections Group, Institute of Virology, stephan.zientara@anses.fr (S.Z.) University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna 1210, Austria; 2 norbert.nowotny@vetmeduni.ac.at 3 Département Hippique, VetAgroSup, Marcy l Etoile 69280, France; Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College agnes.leblond@vetagro-sup.fr of Medicine and Health Sciences, 0,2 4 Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat 123, Sultanate UR346, INRA, of Oman Saint Genès Champanelle 63122, France; WNV: West Nile virus, JEV: Japanese encephalitis virus, USUV: Usutu virus, MVEV: Murray Valley IRBA, Marseille encephalitis 13384, virus, ALFV: France; Alfuy virus, NTAV:Ntaya isabelle.leparcgoffart@gmail.com virus, DENV: elsa.jourdain@clermont.inra.fr Dengue virus, YOKV: Yokose virus, WNV-1a Ro96 AF NTAV NC_ BAGV HQ ALFV AY MVEV JX MVEV JX USUV JF USUV JF JEV3 JX JEV3 JX WNV-2 Gr10 HQ WNV-2 Hu04 DQ WNV-2 Hu04 DQ DENV-4 HQ WNV-1b Kunjin D WNV-1a It09 GU WNV-1a Hu03 DQ WNV-1a Ro96 AF WNV-2 Gr10 HQ WNV-1b Kunjin D WNV-1a It09 GU WNV-1a Is98 AF WNV-1a Hu03 DQ BAGV HQ ALFV AY HCV-3i JF WNV-1a Is98 AF DENV-2 JF NTAV NC_ YOKV NC_ DENV-4 HQ DENV-1 JQ Enviro www Flaviviruses in Europe: Complex Circulation Pat Consequences for the Diagnosis and Control of W 99 Cécile Beck 1, Miguel Angel Jimenez-Clavero 2, Agnès Leblond 3,4, Benoît Norbert Nowotny 6,7, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart 8, Stéphan Zientara 1, Elsa DENV-3 HQ CFAV NC_ CFAV: Cell Fusing Agent virus, KRV: Kamiti River 5 virus, MMLV: Montana Myotis Leukoencephalitis virus, RBV: Rio Bravo virus, MODV: Modoc virus, APOIV: Apoi virus, MEAV: Meaban virus, SREV: Saumarez DENV-2 JF YOKV NC_ YFV JF KRV NC_ MMLV NC_ CFAV NC_ KRV NC_ MMLV NC_ RBV JQ MODV NC_ APOIV AF MEAV DQ SREV DQ KSIV NC_ POWV HQ DTV AF ALKV JF LGTV NC_ OHFV NC_ TBEV GU LIV NC_ UMR1161 Virologie INRA, ANSES, ENVA, EU-RL on equine West Nile Laboratory, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort 94704, France; s: cecile.beck@ CISA-INIA, Valdeolmos (Madrid) 28130, Spain; majimenez@inia BVDV-1 KC DENV-1 JQ DENV-3 HQ RBV JQ MODV NC_ APOIV AF MEAV DQ SREV DQ YFV JF TYUV DQ KSIV NC_ DTV AF POWV HQ ALKV JF LGTV NC_ OHFV NC_ TBEV GU BVDV-1 KC LIV NC_ Epidemiology Unit, Animal Health Laboratory, ANSES, Maisons-Alfort 9

16 Heterogeneity of West Nile virus genotype 1a in Italy, 2011 Giada Rossini, Fabrizio Carletti,Roberto Rigoli, Sandro Piga,Patrizia Bagnarelli, Paolo Gaibani, Anna Pierro, Alessandro Nanni Costa, Paolo Grossi, Giuseppe Ippolito, Maria Paola Landini, Antonino Di Caro, Maria Rosaria Capobianchi and Vittorio Sambri Journal of General Virology (2013)

17 Emergence of WNV Lineage 2 West Nile virus in Europe: emergence, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, prevention. V. Sambri et al. CMI 2013, in press

18 Review and, since 2004, also in Central and Eastern Europe [79], Russia [80], and Greece (sinc Analysis of WNV genome sequences detected so far in Italy demonstrated different lineage 1 and 2 strains phylogenetically related to the Mediterranean and subtypes of lineage 1, clade 1a, or to the Hungarian-Greek lineage 2 strains (Figure cases, old WNV strains were no longer detected after having caused outbreaks displaced by new strains. This could be due to the positive selection of new enhanced fitness and transmissibility, but also to suitable ecological conditions th viral strain in a particular niche. The Complex Epidemiological Scenario of West Nile Virus in Italy Luisa L. Barzon Barzon et al. 1,2, *, Monia Pacenti 2, Elisa Franchin 1,2, Laura Squarzon 1, Enrico Lavezzo 1, Margherita Cattai 2, Riccardo Cusinato 2 and Giorgio Palù 1,2, * 1 2 Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2013, 10, ; doi: /ijerph1 Figure 2. Map of Italy showing the areas where different WNV strains were d period from September 2008 to August WNV lineage 1 strains are indi WNV lineage 2 strains are indicated in red. Enviro Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 63, Padova, Italy; s: elisa.franchin@unipd.it (E.F.); laura.squarzon@unipd.it (L.S.); ww enrico.lavezzo@unipd.it (E.L.) Review Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giustiniani, 2, Padova Italy; s: monia.pacenti@sanita.padova.it The Complex (M.P.); Epidemiological margherita.cattai@sanita.padova.it Scenario of (M.C.) West riccardo.cusinato@sanita.padova.it (R.C.) in Italy Luisa Barzon 1,2, *, Monia Pacenti 2, Elisa Franchin 1,2, Laura Squarzon 1 * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; s: luisa.barzon@unipd.it (L.B.); Margherita Cattai 2, Riccardo Cusinato 2 and Giorgio Palù 1,2, * giorgio.palu@unipd.it (G.P.); Tel.: (L.B.); (G.P.); 1 Fax: (L.B.); (G.P.). Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Via Gabelli, 6 s: elisa.franchin@unipd.it (E.F.); laura.squarzon@unipd.it (L.S.); Received: 1 August 2013; in revised form: enrico.lavezzo@unipd.it 17 September 2013 (E.L.) / Accepted: 22 September 2013 / 2 Published: 30 September 2013 Microbiology and Virology Unit, University Hospital of Padova, Via Giu Italy; s: monia.pacenti@sanita.padova.it (M.P.); margherita.cattai@ riccardo.cusinato@sanita.padova.it (R.C.) Abstract: Entomological, veterinary, and human surveillance systems for West Nile virus (WNV) infection have been implemented in Italy since the first detection of the virus in These surveillance activities Fax: documented a progressive (L.B.); increase of (G.P.). WNV activity * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; s: luisa.bar giorgio.palu@unipd.it (G.P.); Tel.: (L.B.);

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20 Persistence of Anti-West Nile Virus-Specific Antibodies Among Asymptomatic Blood Donors in Northeastern Italy A. Pierro et al. VBZD 2013 The development and persistence of anti-west Nile Virus (WNV) immunoglobulin G (IgG)- and IgM-specific antibodies were investigated in 68 asymptomatic blood donors (BDs) previously tested as positive between October, 2008, and September, 2009, and living in northeastern Italy. Our study showed that WNV-specific IgG titers became negative (41%) or decreased (33%), while they increased in a smaller percentage (10%); 16% of BDs showed no titer variation. Reversion to seronegative status within a short time frame suggests that WNV surveillance should be maintained year after year.

21 ARBOviruses Heterogenous group of viruses ARthropods (ticks mosquitoes - sandflies) BOrne Flaviviruses WNV DENV TBEV USUV Alphaviruses CHIKV Bunyaviridae CCHFV (Nairoviruses) TOSV (Phleboviruses)

22 Dengue in Europe Several imported cases (travellers) : autochthonous transmission in Southern France, Croatia, Madeira

23 ARBOviruses Heterogenous group of viruses ARthropods (ticks mosquitoes - sandflies) BOrne Flaviviruses WNV DENV TBEV USUV Alphaviruses CHIKV Bunyaviridae CCHFV (Nairoviruses) TOSV (Phleboviruses)

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26 ARBOviruses Heterogenous group of viruses ARthropods (ticks mosquitoes - sandflies) BOrne Flaviviruses WNV DENV TBEV USUV Alphaviruses CHIKV Bunyaviridae CCHFV (Nairoviruses) TOSV (Phleboviruses)

27 Chikungunya Spherical virions, about 70 nm diameter with envelope Nucleocapsid C). icosaedric (40nm, nucleoprotein Envelope: spikes (glycoproteins gpe1 e gpe2) ssrna (+), fully sequenced

28 Chikungunya: epidemiology

29 E1: A226V Bordi et al., Clin Infect Dis 2008.

30 Number of cases by lab results Emilia-Romagna 4th July th September 2007 Index case lab confirmed 1 Lab confirmed 247 In total, 248 (247+1 case index) persons affected, from four provinces (Ravenna, Forlì/Cesena, Rimini, Bologna)

31 Cluster of CHIKV Infection Emilia Romagna August November

32 ARBOviruses Heterogenous group of viruses ARthropods (ticks mosquitoes - sandflies) BOrne Flaviviruses WNV DENV TBEV USUV Alphaviruses CHIKV Bunyaviridae CCHFV (Nairoviruses) TOSV (Phleboviruses)

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