o s i t i v e S t a r t

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2 Ṗ o s i t i v e S t a r t

3 Ẹ d i t o r i a l C o m m e n t s

4 . P R O F I L E PRASHANT MAVANI MSc. in Management, University of Surrey (UK) Senior Faculty: StudyIQ Follow/Contact Download PDF notes of this lecture from my FB Page

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6 Delhi End TB Summit and PM Modi- The Prime Minister, Shri Narendra Modi, addressed the inaugural session of the END TB summit in New Delhi. Delhi End TB Summit would be a landmark event towards the complete elimination of TB. He said every step taken towards the eradication of this disease, is also linked to the betterment of the lives of the poor. India has set a target for complete elimination of TB by 2025, as against the global target date of 2030.

7 - He said the Government is working comprehensively towards this goal. He said State Governments have a key role to play in this regard, and he has personally written to all Chief Ministers to join in this campaign. The Prime Minister said frontline TB physicians and workers are a crucial part of the drive to eliminate TB. He said those patients who overcome this disease also inspire others.

8 India vs TB-

9 The long fight against TB- Science borrows words from common parlance and assigns quantifiable meanings. Incidence in epidemiology is a rate: new cases per unit population, per unit time. The incidence rate of TB in India is estimated at cases per 100,000 population per year. As a comparison, in western Europe it is five per 100,000 per year.

10 - Control in public health is deliberate reduction of incidence to a desired and defined level by specific interventions. India s estimated annual TB burden is 28 lakh 27% of the global total, our population is only 18% Every day 1,200 Indians die of TB 10 every three minutes No other disease or calamity has such Himalayan magnitude.

11 - Infection with TB bacilli is the necessary cause of TB It mimics other diseases, confusing doctors and delaying diagnosis. TB can affect the lungs, brain, bones, joints, the liver, intestines or for that matter any organ and can progress slowly or kill in weeks. Pelvic TB is the commonest cause of female infertility in India.

12 - In designing TB control three processes must be understood: A. Infection B. Progression C. Transmission Infection is lifelong, with bacilli lying dormant. This phase is latent TB, diagnosed by a tuberculin skin test (TST). The annual rate of TB infection (ARTI) is about 1%. Cumulatively, 40% to 70% of us are living with latent TB. From this reservoir pool, a few progress to TB disease, one by one, 5-30 years, average 20 years, later. Progression occurs when bacilli become active, multiply and cause pathology; now we have active TB. Only when active TB affects the lungs do bacilli find an exit route to the atmosphere, necessary for transmission.

13 Principles of control- All of us together: Beginning with schools, public education on TB and its prevention must replace ignorance and misconceptions. Transmission and infection are ends of a tunnel. If no one spits in public places If everyone practises cough and sneeze etiquette (covering one s mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing), the TB affected will also fall in line.

14 A person with lung TB disseminates TB bacilli over several weeks. - By the time treatment stops dissemination, unfortunately, all his close contacts would have been already infected. This is why TB treatment has not brought down the TB burden. RNTCP guidelines for testing only after two weeks of cough result in the loss of precious lead time.

15 - Partnership with the private sector is essential for early diagnosis of TB. Every country that has reduced TB incidence practises universal health care. The biomedical method is drug treatment of latent TB. Experts recommend an age window of 5-10 years when all children must be screened with TST

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17 A perfect attack?- An outrageous act flouting all international norms. First of its kind in Europe since World War II Novichok is a series of nerve agents the Soviet Union and Russia developed between Russian scientists who developed the agents claim they are the deadliest nerve agents ever made. Alexander Litvinenko: 2006 in London It is therefore entirely reasonable that Britain asked Russia to clarify If it was behind the attack? Had somehow lost control over the nerve agent? 2 possible explanations for the Salisbury incident.

18 - Expelling 23 Russian diplomats (Russia has promised to retaliate), and freezing its government assets considered potentially harmful to Britons. The attack has tested Britain s ties with the U.S. and its NATO and European Union allies as the country leaves the EU. It is within the realm of possibility that a rogue actor and not the state acquired and deployed the nerve agent.

19 Role of Russia in USA-

20 Important News-

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22 Important News- Hawking said Vedic theory is superior Union Science Minister Harsh Vardhan said the late cosmologist, Stephen Hawking, had said the Vedas had a theory superior to that of Albert Einstein s famous equation e=mc2. The equation that denotes the equivalence of mass and energy was first proposed by Einstein, in 1905, as part of his Special Theory of Relativity. Dr. Vardhan, a medical doctor, didn t clarify which specific Vedic theory he was talking about. When pressed for the source of this claim by Hawking, who died on Wednesday, he refused to clarify.

23 - Manipur s sports talent, woman power inspire India, says Modi Manipur s woman power and sporting talents have been an inspiration for the Centre in designing programmes such as Khelo India. Mr. Modi laid the foundation stone of the National Sports University India s first that was caught in a land dispute. Today on this occasion, I salute the great revolutionary and daughter of the nation, Rani Gaidinliu. I am privileged to inaugurate a park dedicated in her name, he said. Born at Nungkao in Manipur s Tamenglong district, Gaidinliu ( ) was a revolutionary who led an army of Nagas against the British in 1931.

24 - Bank flouted own rules in loans to Mallya: judge Arguments around the admissibility of prosecution evidence end Loya case probe will hurt judiciary The Maharashtra government asked the Supreme Court on Friday to be very, very careful in deciding whether to order an investigation into the death of Judge B.H. Loya on the basis of certain PIL petitions, cautioning that it may even burgeon into a threat against judicial independence itself. Death for raping girls under 12 in Arunachal Arunachal Pradesh has became the fourth State after Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan and Haryana to award death penalty for those convicted of raping girls under 12 years.

25 Trump decided to sack McMaster, says report National Security Adviser H.R. McMaster - Pak. failed to act against terrorists: U.S. White House says America is prepared to take actions to safeguard its personnel in Afghanistan Zuma to be prosecuted Ex-South African President accused of taking kickbacks

26 - Rs10,000 crore of GST refunds sanctioned: Govt. The government on Friday sought to debunk reports carrying unverified estimates of pending GST refunds, terming these figures highly speculative and mostly inaccurate. So far, the government said, 10,000 crore of refunds had been sanctioned by the Central Board of Excise and Customs and the States, although it did not mention the quantum of the remaining amount. Hyundai to make 1 million cars in India Annual production goal may be met after 2020; firm studying prospects of introducing an EV by 2019

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28 Answers- 1. The pattern which consists of nearly parallel streams that flow into main trunk stream at right angles is called as A. Rectangular B. Trellis C. Radial D. Dendritic 2. Place where Blue Nile and White Nile effect a confluence is A. Port Said B. Cairo C. Khartoum D. Alexandria

29 Questions- 1. When a submerged highland coast is subject to wave action over a long period of time, all of the following features may develop except A. A spit B. A cliff C. A lagoon D. A raised beach 2. Discuss social-behavioural changes required to end infectious diseases like TB.

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