2015 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak: A Modified Approach to Response

Transcription

1 2015 Vesicular Stomatitis Outbreak: A Modified Approach to Response Angela Pelzel-McCluskey, DVM Equine Epidemiologist U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Veterinary Services October 26, 2015

2 Outbreaks of VS in Recent History Year # States Affected States # Infected Premises CO, NM, TX AZ, CO, ID, MT, NE, NM, TX, UT, WY WY NM, TX AZ CO, NM AZ, CO, NE, TX 2015 (ongoing) 8 AZ, CO, NE, NM, SD, TX, UT, WY

3 Vesicular Stomatitis: Little Known Facts VSV circulates year-round in southern Mexico; only occasionally moves north (climatic factors that favor vector population) Natural movement of infected vectors tends to follow waterways (black fly hatch) # infected vectors increases by co-feeding Infected flies can transmit virus to their eggs While up to 70% of the herd on an affected premises will have titers indicative of exposure, only 10% or less of the herd will develop lesions Exposed animals maintain titers for years (celisa and VN) 3

4 Likely Origin of US Outbreaks Epidemic transmission Introduction Endemic cycle 4

5 Pictures by Dr. Brian Bohl (VS-TX) and Dr. Brodie Miller (TAHC) 5

6 Photos by: Dr. Tim Fox (VS-CO) and Dr. Susan Culp (TAHC) 6

7 Photo by Dr. Tim Fox, VS-Colorado 7

8 Photos by Dr. Brian Bohl, Dr. Fred Bourgeois (APHIS-VS) and Dr. Holly Hughes-Garza (TAHC) 8

9 Photo by: Dr. Carl Heckendorf (Colorado Dept. of Agriculture) 9

10 Photo courtesy of: Dr. Ron Waldrop, SD 10

11 Photo by Skip Aaroe, courtesy of Dr. Richanne Lomkin (VS-CO) Photo by Dr. Jason Lombard (VS-CEAH)

12 VSV International Considerations Outbreaks of VSV in the U.S. cause serious international trade repercussions In May 2014, the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) officially voted to remove VSV from the international list of reportable diseases effective Jan. 1, 2015 Meaning: As of Jan 1, 2015, the U.S. is no longer required to immediately report cases of VSV to the OIE when they occur 12

13 VSV After Action Review (AAR) National-level VSV After Action Review held Jan , 2015 in Fort Collins, CO 34 state/federal/laboratory participants including 6 State Veterinarians from historically affected states (AZ, CO, NM, TX, UT, WY) Objectives were to Conduct review of response Gather input on 2015 goals and needs for VSV in light of OIE delisting of the disease (effective Jan. 1, 2015) 13

14 VSV After Action Review (AAR) Key outcomes agreed to: A VSV control strategy is still needed in the U.S. to prevent movement of lesioned animals and to secure interstate and international trade VSV is still on the proposed NLRAD and on the reportable disease lists of each U.S. state and should remain so. Historically affected states will continue to respond to suspected VSV cases in equids. After confirmation of the first VSV case in a state, equids with suspected lesions on subsequent premises are not required to be tested, but the premises will be quarantined to prevent spread. 14

15 VSV After Action Review (AAR) Key outcomes agreed to: Quarantine period will be reduced to 14 days from the onset of the last affected animal on the premises (rather than 21 days after lesion healing). States may use accredited veterinarians to sample suspect equine VSV cases and monitor quarantined premises, if they so choose. VSV-approved NAHLN labs may be activated in affected states to test lesioned equines at owner expense (if owner wants to test) FADDs will be dispatched on all suspect VSV cases in domestic ruminants and swine. 15

16 Timeline of Events 2015 VSV Response 2015 VSV Interim Field Guidance: includes proposed response changes from VSV AAR and is currently being used along with case definitions from historic VS Memo Date April 29, 2015 May 1, 2015 May 18, 2015 July 2, 2015 July 22, 2015 July 30, 2015 September 10, 2015 Event Index case for the U.S. confirmed by NVSL (NM) Index cases confirmed in AZ and UT Index case confirmed in TX Index cases confirmed in CO Index case confirmed in WY Index case confirmed in SD Index case confirmed in NE 16

17 2015 VSV Response (as of 10/21/15 sitrep) State # Counties Confirmed Premises Suspect Premises Total Premises Arizona Colorado Nebraska New Mexico South Dakota Texas Utah Wyoming Total: 8 states

18 Cumulative Counties Affected (10/21/15)

19 Feedback on Current Response Response has been effective with noticeably less overall impact on state/federal resources Accredited veterinarians still adjusting to role Shorter quarantine period is an improvement More state responsibility for tracking/reporting NAHLN lab activation 5 laboratories activated; PCR/CF combo has worked well Comments from affected states?

20 Acknowledgments (2014 and 2015) State Animal Health Officials AZ, CO, NE, NM, SD, TX, UT, WY APHIS-VS personnel in AZ, CO, NE, NM, SD, TX, UT, WY NVSL-Ames and FADDL APHIS-VS Districts 4, 5, and 6 APHIS-VS Incident Mgmt. Teams State and Federal VMO s from other states who assisted in the 2014 response APHIS-VS Center for Epidemiology and Animal Health Southeast Cooperative Wildlife Disease Study NVSL-NAHLN and the VSV-approved NAHLN labs 20