Control and Prevention of Animal Human Disease Transmission. Dr Dusan Veterinarian Zoonotic Disease Consultant WHO, China.

Transcription

1 Control and Prevention of Animal Human Disease Transmission Dr Dusan Veterinarian Zoonotic Disease Consultant WHO, China.

2 Outline Surveillance and risk assessment Control Prevention WHO activities

3 Surveillance and Risk Assessment China s list of notifiable diseases: 13/37 are zoonotic Are we looking hard enough? Measurable challenge motivates political commitment Challenges of surveillance in China Challenges of interventions to benefit subsistence farmers

4 Notifiable Diseases of China Incidence rate per 100, Year Non-zoonotic Diseases Zoonotic Diseases

5 Emerging / Re-emerging emerging diseases 1996 to 2004 Cryptosporidiosis Lyme Borreliosi s Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis Dengue haemhorrhagic fever West Nile Virus Reston virus E.coli O157 BSE nvcjd Lassa fever Yellow fever Buruli ulcer Cholera Multidrugresistant Salmonella Ebola haemorrhagic fever E.coli non-o157 Typhoid Malaria Diphtheria Dengue West Nile Fever haemhorrhagic Echinococcosis fever Cholera 0139 Influenza A (H7N7) Legionnaire s Disease RVF/VHF O nyong-nyong fever Human Monkeypox Cholera Equine morbillivirus E.coli O157 SARS Influenza A(H5N1) Nipah Virus Reston Virus Hendra Virus Ross River Virus

6 Risk characteristics of rural farmers in China in China Facilities and animal care: Storage and housing materials can be minimal Different animal species are often housed together in close vicinity Food animals are kept in close proximity to humans, even indoors sharing the same airspace. Minimal input farming little feed is bought in and nutrients are often recycled e.g. animals scavenging and use of excrement. Veterinary medicines, vaccines and diagnostics are limited

7 Water sources may be limited or unclean

8 Risk characteristics continued Food preparation: Poor economic conditions so sick or dead animals may be eaten without precaution Animals slaughtered close to or inside the home Food preparation is undertaken nearby this Majority of the animal is eaten Individual cultural practices can add to risk e.g. eating undercooked meat. Access to health care, education and medicines including human vaccines: Limited by either availability or cost

9 Control

10 Community Access to Basic Clean water Soap and hygiene products Safe housing (esp Vector-borne diseases) Education Amenities

11 Community Access to Appropriate Healthcare Affordable and accessible Good diagnostics (training, facilities and technologies) Quality medications (not fakes)

12 Community Education About Targeted Realistic Simple and nonconflicting Short-term (outbreak) vs. Long-term (behavioural changes). Risks

13 4 S s S s to reduce risk of animal- human disease transmission Surveillance Sanitation Species separation Safe consumption and waste disposal E.g BSE, Strep. suis

14 Prevention

15 Agricultural Extension and Veterinary Services Public and private partnerships towards disease control Greater knowledge dissemination to rural communities / best farming practices Improved surveillance Establishment of robust animal health systems Access to appropriate medications Monitoring of antibiotic resistance

16 Food Marketing Systems Species separation during transport and in the market place Reduction in live markets/ increased cleanliness Market rest days (FAO recommendations) Reduction in bush food consumption Reduction in foodborne diseases through improved quality assurance systems/ trace back: FARM-to-FORK

17 WHO Activities

18 APSED International Health Regulations (IHR) revised 2005 = policy statement Asia pacific strategy for emerging diseases (APSED) = strategy document. Objective 1: reduce risk Strategic risk communication and community participation. Reducing risk of emerging diseases acquired from animals. Strengthened containment of antimicrobial resistance.

19 APSED continued Objective 2: Strengthen early detection of outbreaks Strengthened early warning systems. Coordinated and integrated surveillance systems. Strengthened local capacity for surveillance and risk assessment. Strengthened information management. Objective 3: Strengthen early response

20 APSED continued Objective 4: Strengthen preparedness Strengthened preparedness and capacity to respond. Objective 5: Develop sustainable technical collaboration within the Asia Pacific Region Development and strengthening of technical partnerships in the Asia pacific region.

21 WPRO & Emerging Infectious Diseases Building animal and public health capacity to deal with influenza will lead to stronger national systems for alert and response linked to a comprehensive global alert and response system that will serve to protect us from whatever nature has in store!

22 Challenges Utilising available resources effectively integrated projects Improved disease surveillance and early warning especially in the poorest areas (research, training, compensation) Long term, sustainable changes Engaging on local, national, regional and global levels

23 Thank you!