INTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH)

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Joella Walsh
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1 Conference on Sustainability in Asia Partnerships for Research and Implementation April 6-7, 2017 Hong Kong INTRODUCTION TO ONE HEALTH (AND PLANETARY HEALTH) Dirk Pfeiffer Chair Professor of One Health Director of Centre for Applied One Health Research and Policy Advice

environment Planetary Health o health of human civilisation and state of

2 One Health and Planetary Health One Health o integrated effort of multiple disciplines to achieve optimal health for human, animal and environment Planetary Health o health of human civilisation and state of natural systems on which it depends Image from: 2

3 Context Societal, cultural and ecological influences Goal(s) eg public health, economic security, social stability, animal and environmental health Animals Livestock production Humans Environment Disease emergence Institutional context Animal and human health service Patterns, provision and access Regulation and governance

4 Current Status of Planetary Boundaries From: Steffen et al. Science 2015;347:

5 Antibiotic Residue Pathways in Ecosystems Silvia Berkner et al. EMBO Rep. 2014;15: by European Molecular Biology Organization

6 HUMAN BEHAVIOUR AND ZOONOTIC DISEASE Poultry and Avian Influenza 6

7 Growth of Meat Consumption 1961 to Meat (kg/person/year) Data source: FAOSTAT and OECD World China 7

8 Spatial Distribution of HPAI H5N1 in S & SE Asia since 2010 AI data source: FAO Empres-i

et al 2007 - The Veterinary Journal Data

9 Tét Holidays and AI Outbreaks in Vietnam (2004 Mar 2017) Updated from: Pfeiffer et al The Veterinary Journal Data source: FAO Empres-i Tét holiday periods

10 Network Analysis of Poultry Trade in Northern Vietnam Trader Commune From: Magalhaes et al BMC Vet Research

11 Free Grazing Duck Flocks in Mekong Delta of Vietnam Source: A Meyer, T Vergne 11

12 Role of Fighting Cocks? common throughout South-East Asia cultural significance organised fighting cock industry, including breeders o official gambling industry informal cock fighting o most rural households involved o fighting cocks recruited from backyard chickens less controlled by authorities

13 Chicken Transaction Chain: Example of Business Relations (Cash, Chickens and Credit) in Chittagong, Bangladesh LBM poultry shop Farmer LBM wholesaler LBM poultry shop and wholesaler From: Høg et al submitted Broker Middlemen Medicine dealer Feed dealer Feed company Hatchery Field veterinarian

Explaining Practices associated with Chicken Slaughter at Live Bird Markets in Chittagong, Bangladesh habituation o current practices have become habituated lack of self-risk perception o

14 Explaining Practices associated with Chicken Slaughter at Live Bird Markets in Chittagong, Bangladesh habituation o current practices have become habituated lack of self-risk perception o most workers see no risk necessity o workers have no occupational alternative confidence o bare handed approach is a tactic of risk avoidance to conciliate consumers From: Høg et al submitted

15 HPAIV H5N1 Transmission in S & SE-Asia adapted from V. Martin, FAO-AGA

Factors influencing Effectiveness of Risk

stakeholder acceptance policy measures Risk

16 Factors influencing Effectiveness of Risk Management availability of resources Social, economic and political factors legislation, governance variation of values within society stakeholder acceptance policy measures Risk Management? policy impact uncertainty Science scientific knowledge

17 Global Chicken Meat Trade Network (Top 25% Importers in 2013) From: FAOSTAT

18 Ambient Density of Human Population in Megacities FROM: URBANAGE.LSECITIES.NET London Mumbai Kampala New York City Shanghai Hong Kong

19 Conclusions eco-social systems changing rapidly o increasing urbanisation o increasing demand for food, including meat need to better understand o socio-economic and anthropological drivers of zoonotic disease risk food trade networks biosecurity behaviour along value chains need to develop cost-effective surveillance and control policies based on inter- and transdisciplinary approaches o improved monitoring and management of national and international trade o need to effectively influence human behaviour along food value chains

20 THANK YOU VERY MUCH 20

The Relationship between Eco-Social System Changes, the Animal/Human Interface and Viral Disease Emergence

Emerging Viral Diseases The One Health Connection Institute of Medicine - Forum on Microbial Threats Washington D.C., 18-19 March 2014 The Relationship between Eco-Social System Changes, the Animal/Human