Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit. USDA, ARS Manhattan KS

Transcription

1 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit USDA, ARS Manhattan KS

2 Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Unit Update OCT 2017 USAHA William C. Wilson,Ph.D. Acting Research Leader, Research Microbiologist USDA, ARS, Arthropod-Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit (ABADRU) Center for Grain and Animal Health Research (CGAHR) Manhattan, KS

3 ABADRU Research Supported by two ARS National Programs: Animal Health (NP103) and Veterinary, Medical, and Urban Entomology (NP104) Bluetongue virus (BTV) Epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) Japanese Encephalitis virus Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) BTV Vector biology/ecology/behavior Culicoides sonorensis Mosquitoes House flies RVFV VSV

4 Current ABADRU Staff Research Leader Vacant Scientists Dr. Lee Cohnstaedt-Research Entomologist Dr. Barbara Drolet Research Microbiologist Dr. Dana Nayduch Research Entomologist Dr Leela Noronha Veterinary Medical Officer Dr. William Wilson Research Microbiologist Vacant Research Microbiologist Vacant Research Microbiologist Vacant Computational Biologist

5 Multidisciplinary Problems: Multidisciplinary Research Team INSECT VECTOR Entomologists MAMMALIAN HOST Veterinarians INFECTIOUS AGENTS Virologists

6 Small farm insect control measures Lee Cohnstaedt Insecticidal sugar baits and stations LED tuned to emit optimal UV wavelength Solar panel Photo switch to conserve power Screen to block non-target organisms Self-contained ISB reservoir Treated barriers Treated screen resulted in a 92% reduction in collected midges compared to no screen (Snyder and Cohnstaedt, in review) Number of Culicoides (±SE) Cohnstaedt and Snyder 2016 Unscreened control Treated screen Untreated screen

7 Biting midge research highlights Accomplishments: Built 1 st transcriptome for midges Described genes involved with reproduction, defense Established RNAi as a tool in midge research Described midge-microbe interactions Significance: New genetic tool/resource Helps inform genome project Reveals new control targets First look at conditions inside the midge Genome-level response to diet Peek at vector competence, reproduction à mitigation RNAi Use this tool in future investigations of gene function Ongoing projects: Characterize EHDV-midge interactions, including early response to infection and dissemination (36 h)

8 Whole Genotyping Studies BTV-2 in California Gaudreault, N.N., J. Vet. Diag. Invest. 26: BTV-11 from Canine Abortions Gaudreault, N.N., J. Vet. Diag. Invest EHDV-7 Israeli isolate pathogenic in cattle Wilson et al., J. Gen. Virol. 96: EHDV North American strains Strains of type 1 and 2 from AL, CA, LA, TX, Alberta (Virus Genes 52: ) Strains of EHDV2 from 2012 cattle outbreak BTV-3 introduced into the US (J. Gen Vriol. submitted 2017) USA Isolates AK, FL, MS Caribbean and Central American isolates Barbados, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Honduras, Panama Wilson et al., Vet. Ital. 51:

9 Nayduch lab research on house fly-bacteria interactions 1. Fly-bacteria interactions across life history, expression of defense genes 2. Evolution of house fly and other filth fly immune gene families 3. Fate of bacteria in the house fly alimentary canal, vector potential for pathogens 4. Differences in acquisition, carriage and excretion of bacteria by male and female adult house flies relative expression L1 L2 L3 pupa adult L1 L2 L3 Pup Adlt NA

10 ANALYSIS OF VIREMIA/RNA IN SERUM Viremia - Virus isolation Detection of viral nucleic acid in serum Negative Positive Ø No viremia was detected in vaccinated animals Ø Viremia starting on day 1 until day 4 was detected in control RVFV infected animals

11 Nucleotide variations between RVFV Strains Saudi Arabia-01 and Kenya-06 L segment M segment S segment Genomic segment Number of Nucleotide changes L 76 M 56 S 25 Shivanna et al., Genome Announcements Accepted 2016.

12 Rift Valley fever RVF subunit vaccine patent October 2017 and license pending Laboratory and field genetic detection systems developed Monoclonal Antibodies developed celisa in commercial development and evaluation Lateral flow assay in commercial development Bovine diagnostic MassTag PCR in patent submission Virus population genetics studies ongoing Reverse genetic system established Virus reassortment project ongoing Virus-insect-host initiated in primary macrophage cultures

13

14 Japanese Encephalitis modeling Lee Cohnstaedt and Scott McVey Risk of JEV introduction to USA a systematic literature review (Dr. Cernicchiaro) (Oliviera et al. in review) Likely spread of JEV in the USA Network modeling (Dr. Scoglio) In the USA, longdistance dispersal will be driven by birds, local transmission driven by feral pigs S E I Riad et al 2017

15 Mosquitos (multiple species), flies, midges, black flies JEV, WNV, VSV, SBV and RVFV, BTV, EHDV Zika????

16 air temp, stream flow, precipitation, vegetation, density of host (lags) winter minimum temp H2: Persistence local host/vector abundance, dispersal ability, new conditions H3: Spatial contagion Insect dispersal H1: Local abundance pupae larvae eggs Insect dispersal Healthy animals Sick animals Animal Transport Animal Transport cofeeding Uninfected insect amplification Sick animal Healthy animal Source of VSV at t=0 Wildlife Healthy animal Healthy animal Infected insects Sick animals (index case) carriers Human healthy animals County-level quarantine Sick animal

17 VSV flow through the system What about Healthy animal interactions becomes sick animal with the Consequences of VSV to human health and economy environment? (e.g., loss of income with impacts on horse and cattle health) Debra Peters: Infected insects Emile Elias Source of VSV at t=0 Wildlife Sick animals (index case) pupae carriers Justin Derner integration of components and overall vision larvae Healthy animal overwinter Lee Cohnstaedt eggs and larvae (t+1, loc=1) Vertical eggs transmission Barbara in DroletInsect insects transmission to insects Scott McVey Infected Adult insects cofeeding Contact transmission in animals Healthy animal Healthy animal Infected Adult insects amplification Sick animals Sick animal Insect dispersal Uninfected Luis insect Rodriguez pupae eggs Human healthy animals larvae Insect dispersal Transmission & overwinter processes (t and t+1, loc=2) Sick animal Healthy animal Disperse to new locations and processes repeat (t+2, loc=3) Healthy animals Angela Pelzel-MCluskey Sick animals Dispersal to new locations Insect transmission to animals Animal Transport Disperse to new locations and processes repeat (t+2, loc=4) Animal Transport County-level quarantine Economic Losses

18 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ABADRU/USDA Lee Cohnstaedt Barbara Drolet D. Scott McVey Dana Nayduch Leela Noronha William Wilson Kansas State University Juergen Richt Bonto Faburay Igor Morozov Wenjun Ma Sally Davis Sun-Young Sunwoo Stephen Higgs Dana Vanlandingham South Dakota State University Alan Young Maxim Lebedev Thank you for your attention! NBAF Transition Funds Biosecurity Research Institute/KSU CEEZAD Center of Excellence for Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases