Avian Influenza Protection Program A Joint Undertaking of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Health and the Poultry Industry

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1 Avian Influenza Protection Program A Joint Undertaking of the Department of Agriculture, Department of Health and the Poultry Industry By RUBEN J. PASCUAL Co-Secretary General National Avian Influenza Protection Program

2 Avian Influenza Protection Program An Overview of Avian Influenza Update on the Situation in other Asian Countries Highlights of the Disease Prevention and Eradication Protocols Stage 1. Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Stage 2. Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl

other birds caused by different subtypes of the influenza A virus Ranges

severity of illness: High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) With mortality

3 What is Avian Influenza? Avian Influenza or Bird Flu An infectious disease in chickens, ducks and other birds caused by different subtypes of the influenza A virus Ranges from mild infection to acute, fatal disease Two types depending on severity of illness: High Pathogenic Avian Influenza (HPAI) With mortality in poultry as high as 100% Low Pathogenic Avian Influenza (LPAI) Clinical signs much less evident or even absent Mortality much lower

How to identify possible bird flu Unexplained high mortality over 3 consecutive days Loss of appetite Drastic drop in egg production Ruffled feathers Facial swelling and

4 How to identify possible bird flu Unexplained high mortality over 3 consecutive days Loss of appetite Drastic drop in egg production Ruffled feathers Facial swelling and bluishviolet colored combs and wattles Presence of severe respiratory signs including sneezing, cough and nasal discharge Diarrhea Hemorrhages in internal organs Swollen legs

How bird flu is transmitted to other birds Direct contact with discharges from infected birds, especially feces and respiratory secretions Contaminated feed, water, cages, equipment, vehicles, and

5 How bird flu is transmitted to other birds Direct contact with discharges from infected birds, especially feces and respiratory secretions Contaminated feed, water, cages, equipment, vehicles, and clothing Clinically normal water fowl, migratory birds, and sea birds may introduce the virus into flocks Broken contaminated eggs may infect chicks in the incubator Incubation may range from a few hours to 3 days in individual birds and up to 14 days to spread throughout a flock

How bird flu spreads within a country Domestic birds can get the infection when they roam freely and share water supply that that might be contaminated by infected droppings Contaminated equipment,

6 How bird flu spreads within a country Domestic birds can get the infection when they roam freely and share water supply that that might be contaminated by infected droppings Contaminated equipment, vehicles, feeds, cages, or clothing, especially shoes can carry the virus from farm to farm Wet markets where live chickens and other birds are sold under crowded and often unsanitary conditions Movement of infected birds through trading or smuggling

7 Highlights of the Program STAGE 1: Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free

8 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Ban on Importation from AI-Affected Countries Initiated by Bureau of Animal Industry, A.O. issued by the Secretary of Agriculture Ban covers ALL poultry products originating from AIaffected countries, including those that are already in transit at the time the ban is declared - No Veterinary Quarantine Clearance will be issued - Live birds or eggs will be destroyed - Processed poultry products will be returned to origin Transshipment through an AI-affected country is also prohibited

9 Country Reports of AI Outbreak

10 Poultry Mortalities / Culling / Slaughter THAI VIET CHINA INDO CAMB KOR JAP MALAY APR MAR FEB JAN DEC NOV OCT SEP AUG JUL JUN MAY APR MAR , FEB 27, , , JAN TOTAL 28,645 7, ,374 21,

11 Human Cases As of January 21, 2005 As of April 11, 2005 COUNTRY Thailand Vietnam TOTAL TOTAL CASES DEATHS COUNTRY Thailand Vietnam Cambodia TOTAL TOTAL CASES DEATHS

12 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Summary of Import Bans from AI-Affected Countries COUNTRY China Hong Kong Vietnam Japan Taiwan Thailand Indonesia Cambodia Lao PDR Pakistan Delaware, USA Texas, USA B Columbia, Canada Maryland, USA South Africa Malaysia Korea DATE BANNED 19 May May Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Jan Feb Feb Feb Mar Aug Aug Dec 2004 DATE LIFTED 16 Sept Aug Sept Sept Sept Sept 2004

Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Minimum Biosecurity Measures Biosecurity

gates, shower rooms, footbaths, fumigation boxes Proper rest period and

Proper disposal of mortalities No domestic ducks and freerange poultry in migratory

13 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Minimum Biosecurity Measures Biosecurity control points e.g.gates, shower rooms, footbaths, fumigation boxes Proper rest period and disinfection between flocks Inaccessible to stray animals and free-flying birds Proper disposal of mortalities No domestic ducks and freerange poultry in migratory bird areas, especially wetlands No mixing of poultry and swine in same holding facility Record all movement to and from the facility e.g. visitors, vehicles, deliveries

Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Surveillance and Prevention in Airports and Seaports Standardized footbath installations and replenishment of disinfectants Inspection of luggages / cargo from

14 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Surveillance and Prevention in Airports and Seaports Standardized footbath installations and replenishment of disinfectants Inspection of luggages / cargo from AI-infected countries Confiscation and destruction of unlicensed cargo Screening for the AI virus upon arrival at airport or seaport of all imported poultry and poultry products coming from AI-free countries

15 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Surveillance of Poultry in Critical Areas 20 critical sites identified Target poultry are not wildlife, but native chickens, ducks, gamefowl, etc. in the vicinity 6 barangays per location to be selected for sample collection

16 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Priority Areas for Surveillance Zamboanga del Norte Zamboanga del Sur Zamboanga City Zamboanga Sibugay Palawan near Quezon and Narra Towns Pampanga Candaba Swamp Ilocos Norte Pagudpud Cagayan Aparri Cebu Olanggo Island Negros Occidental Himamaylan Isabela Magat Dam, Ramon CARAGA Lake Mainit, Agusan del Sur Agusan del Norte Surigao del Norte Surigao del Sur Panay Island Roxas, Capiz Sorsogon Bulan and Matnog General Santos City Mindoro Oriental Naujan Cotabato Cabacan, Liguasan Marsh Surveillance already conducted in highlighted areas results negative

species from AI-affected countries No collection of migratory birds, regardless of purpose or

17 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Enforcement of Wildlife Act To be led by PAWB-DENR, in coordination with the LGUs and local PNP No permits for poultry wildlife or exotic poultry species from AI-affected countries No collection of migratory birds, regardless of purpose or collection technique Preventive Measures in Humans Influenza vaccination for all poultry workers, handlers

18 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Establishment of Compartmentalized Poultry Zones Compartment 1 Compartment 3 Compartment 4 Compartment 5 Compartment 2 Compartment 7 Objectives Compartment 6 Establish defined territories where natural or manmade barriers can prevent entry and limit/stop spread of AI Facilitate more efficient surveillance, detection, and disease control Ensure availability of distinct and disease free production areas for export and local markets Compartment 8

19 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Establishment of Compartmentalized Poultry Zones Has natural geographic boundaries and/or a single entry-exit point to other compartments Need to build a surveillance database Survey of all poultry holdings, species, population, disease profile Regular sampling and testing Regulated movement between zones of live poultry and its by-products through health certificates and shipping permits Strategically-located checkpoints Compartment 1 Compartment 3 Compartment 4 Compartment 5 Compartment 2 Compartment 8 Compartment 7 Compartment 6

20 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Upgrading AI Diagnostic Capability PAHC-BAI (Philippine Animal Health Center) to be lead institution in AI diagnosis Accreditation of Government and Non-government animal disease diagnostic laboratories Re-classification of existing DA-RADDLs Sub-national - Regional - Provincial - Labs for specific diseases Diagnostic Capability enhancement Virology Lab repair Dedicated Lab for AI diagnosis Continuous training Alignment of RADDLs with identified Compartments

21 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Preparedness from the National to the Local Level AI National Task Force Secretariat Policy Committee on Human Health Protection Surveillance / Lab Executive Committee Logistics Communications Committee on Animal Health Protection Surveillance / Lab Secretary of Agriculture Secretary of Health DA USec for Fisheries, Livestock and Regulation DOH Usec for Health Operations BAI Director NMIS Director DOH Program Director for Emerging Infections Private Sector Representatives Broilers Layers Gamefowl Poultry Veterinarians Clinical Mgt / Hospitals Resource Mobilization Public Health Response Containment Resource Mobilization Quarantine Quarantine

22 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Preparedness from the National to the Local Level AI Regional/ Provincial Task Force Executive Committee DA Regional DA Provincial Director Officer DOH DOH Regional Provincial Director Officer PNP PNP Regional Provincial Director Director Regional Provincial Disaster Disaster Coordinating Coordinating Council Council Private Private Sector Sector Representatives Broilers Broilers Layers Layers Gamefowl Poultry Poultry Veterinarians Rapid Action Team Surveillance Team Committee Quarantine Team Census Team IEC Team

23 Keeping the Philippines Bird Flu Free Information, Education, and Communication Component Stage 1 Key Messages: Keep the Philippines Avian-Flu Free National and International Awareness of AIPP Target Audience Specific Messages IEC Measures General Public Intensified AI Protection Program has been formulated to keep the country AI-free Role of every citizen in the plan Philippine-raised chicken is safe to eat (OK Kumainng Manok!) Tri-Media (print, radio, TV) news and features Advertisements - Government-sponsored (DA / DOH / PIA) - Private sector- sponsored (OK Kumain ng Manok) Media Briefings AIPP Website Brochures and information materials Posters

24 Information, Education, and Communication Component Stage 1 Target Audience Local Government Units National Government Agencies Role in AIPP Role in AIPP Specific Messages Introduction of local ordinances instituting biosecurity measures Dissemination to barangay levels Implementation of specific measures in support of AIPP Local tri-media campaign Regional summits Provincial summits Production and distribution of AIPP manual Training workshops - Quick-response teams - Farm owners on minimum biosecurity measures IEC Measures Production and distribution of AIPP manuals to regional offices Media briefings Training workshops for direct participants in AIPP

25 Information, Education, and Communication Component Stage 1 Target Audience Poultry farm owners and workers International Community (International human and animal health agencies, foreign buyers, tourists) Specific Messages Responsibility in instituting minimum biosecurity measures Safety measures for farm workers Acceptance of emergency policies in case of an AI outbreak (i.e. stamping out, indemnification policies) The Philippines is determined to be AI-free Regional compartmentalization program is in place to isolate affected areas in case of AIoutbreak Philippine-grown and processed chicken is safe and great to eat IEC Measures Prominent display of biosecurity measures within farms Training workshops on AI outbreak protocols Seminars on AIPP and role of farm owners and workers Notification of international health agencies of new AIPP Installation of footbaths in key international airports and seaports Prominent display of posters in key airports and seaports announcing Philippines is AI-free Release of new and features in international publications of country measures to keep Philippines AIfree

26 Information, Education, and Communication Component Stage 1 Target Audience Media Specific Messages Role in AIPP Responsibility in credible reporting of AI developments Media briefings Preparation of media kits Training of designated spokespersons Production of briefing tools: - Video - Powerpoint presentations - Slides IEC Measures

27 Highlights of the Program STAGE 2: Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl

28 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl A. Definition of Terms 3 km SUSPECT PREMISES 3 km INFECTED PREMISES CONTROL ZONE 7 km QUARANTINE ZONE Level 1 QUARANTINE ZONE Level 2

29 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl A. Definition of Terms 3 km SUSPECT PREMISES 3 km INFECTED PREMISES QUARANTINE ZONE Level 1 CONTROL ZONE 7 km QUARANTINE ZONE Level 2 Suspect Premises any poultry holding facility that might be contaminated Quarantine Zone with Level HPAI such 1 three that (3) quarantine, kilometer monitoring zone from and the Suspect surveillance Premises. This are covers called for all poultry holding facilities including major markets, processing plants and general service areas

30 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl A. Definition of Terms Infected Premises any poultry holding facility in which HPAI is confirmed to exist 3 km SUSPECT PREMISES 3 km INFECTED PREMISES QUARANTINE ZONE Level 1 CONTROL ZONE 7 km QUARANTINE ZONE Level 2 Control Zone seven (7) kilometer zone from the edge of Quarantine Quarantine Zone Level Zone 2 Level three 2 that (3) serves kilometer as a zone buffer from between the Infected the Premises. Quarantine This covers Zone all and poultry the Disease holding Free facilities Areasincluding major markets, processing plants and general service areas

31 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 3 km SUSPECT PREMISES Trigger Points for Suspect Premises QUARANTINE ZONE Level 1 Commercial farms: Occurrence of 1-day mortality of 3% (based on house population) followed by a two-fold increasing trend over next 3 days Backyard: Any unexplained mortality of poultry in 2 or more households Reported by the farm vet or owner to BAI, RFU-DA or City/ Municipal/ Provincial Vet Investigation/sample collection to be conducted by the City/ Municipal/ Provincial Vet and the RADDL Technician within 24 hours Accompanied by a Barangay Representative and Local PNP who shall remain outside to maintain order and control human movement Farm personnel / residents to stay within premises for at least 72 hours

32 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 3 km SUSPECT PREMISES QUARANTINE ZONE Level 1 RFU-DA, in coordination with LGU, shall declare a Quarantine Zone Level 1 LGU to enact an ordinance imposing strict movement control of poultry, livestock and other animal products within the 3-km radius, with penalties for non-compliance Persons may move in and out of the zone, but must not visit any poultry holding facility

33 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 3 km SUSPECT PREMISES 3 km INFECTED PREMISES Basis of reclassification to Infected Premises: Confirmation by PAHC-BAI of the presence of the HPAI virus, OR Positive for ALL these factors: At least 50% of the 30 cloacal samples test positive in the rapid test for Influenza A virus ELISA results do not indicate a significant level of infection for other diseases Mortality continues a two-fold increase for the next 3 days Only the BAI Director will make the formal announcement of Infected Premises

Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 3 km INFECTED PREMISES QUARANTINE ZONE Level 2 BAI and RFU-DA, in coordination with the LGU, shall declare a Quarantine Zone Level 2 and a 7-km

34 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 3 km INFECTED PREMISES QUARANTINE ZONE Level 2 BAI and RFU-DA, in coordination with the LGU, shall declare a Quarantine Zone Level 2 and a 7-km Control Zone Stamping-out of ALL birds in the Infected Premises and Quarantine Zone Level 2 Stamping out to be implemented by a DA representative, official veterinarian, farm hands, 1 military personnel per 1,000 birds, excavator operator

Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl All persons involved in stamping out will be issued PPEs and prescribed prophylactic medication Methods of stamping out:

35 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl All persons involved in stamping out will be issued PPEs and prescribed prophylactic medication Methods of stamping out: cervical dislocation, carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or electrical single application All dead birds, feeds, manure, eggs, rice hulls, etc. should be buried in an on-site pit

36 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 3 km INFECTED PREMISES QUARANTINE ZONE Level 2 Human movement in Quarantine Zone Level 2: All persons from the Infected Premises and those involved in stamping out will be restricted to temporary quarters up to 10 days from the last day of exposure in the Infected Premises Other persons from Quarantine Zone Level 2 must comply with the restriction prohibiting visits to any other poultry holding facility

premises No movement of poultry and poultry products for the first 15 days Prohibition of live bird markets,

37 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl CONTROL ZONE 7 km Surveillance within Control Zone All respiratory cases to be reported and evaluated Results of surveillance can lead to identification of new suspect premises No movement of poultry and poultry products for the first 15 days Prohibition of live bird markets, cockfights and other gatherings of poultry and other birds Recommend no re-stocking of poultry farms within control zone

Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl 1 2 3 Related outbreaks Happens within the period between declaration of Suspect Premises until just before the area is declared Disease-Free

38 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl Related outbreaks Happens within the period between declaration of Suspect Premises until just before the area is declared Disease-Free Within the immediate vicinity of a Control Zone Recommend either: Vaccination of existing poultry population within a 50-km radius from Infected Premises Stamping out, if more economical than vaccination

39 Controlling and Eradicating Bird Flu in Domestic Fowl Recovery Process Clean-up, disinfection and 21-day rest period Re-stocking with sentinel chicken at 2% of farm capacity for commercial farms, or 5 birds for backyard farms Day-old broilers for broiler farms, day-old cockerels for layer farms, gamefowl and others 42-day growing period Samples taken and tested at 21 days and prior to culling Repopulation at farm capacity, subject to BAI approval Declare as disease-free

First AI RP Incident DA and DOH jointly announced 9 July 2005 detection of LOW-RISK flu strain in HEALTHY ducks in a small, ISOLATED farm in Calumpit, Bulacan.

40 First AI RP Incident DA and DOH jointly announced 9 July 2005 detection of LOW-RISK flu strain in HEALTHY ducks in a small, ISOLATED farm in Calumpit, Bulacan. Submitted on 9 July 2005 samples collected from ducks Established a three (3) kilometer radius quarantine zone around affected farm involving 22 barangays in the towns Calumpit, Plaridel and Pulilan in Bulacan and Apalit, Pampanga.

First AI RP Incident During week of quarantine zone: Saturation surveillance of estimated 98% of chicken and duck farms in the area; Movement and sale of live poultry prohibited, including transport,

41 First AI RP Incident During week of quarantine zone: Saturation surveillance of estimated 98% of chicken and duck farms in the area; Movement and sale of live poultry prohibited, including transport, sale in public markets and cockfights; Established 16 checkpoints manned 24 hours by barangay tanods and monitored by provincial/local police; Conducted IEC campaign, especially in quarantine zone towns.

42 First AI RP Incident Results of New Laboratory Tests Interim report to BAI of Australian Animal Health Laboratory (AAHL), OIE-FAO Regional Reference Lab for AI interpreted findings as: No active infection in ducks since NO VIRUS was found. Ducks were exposed to LOW PATHOGENIC AI (LPAI) virus.

43 First AI RP Incident From the tests results, we can conclude: There is NO H5N1 nor any HPAI virus in the surveyed area. There was exposure to LPAI but did not cause disease. The ducks immune reaction eliminated the virus. The LPAI in ducks was not transmitted to chicken.

44 Economic Impact Chicken Prices Nationwide prices dropped less than 5% Chicken and duck consumption down only in areas near affected farm. Exports Japan imposed ban of RP chicken exports; other countries followed suit

Lessons Learned Philippines gains international credibility Gained credibility from international human and animal health agencies for immediately declaring detection of virus. Other countries hide.

45 Lessons Learned Philippines gains international credibility Gained credibility from international human and animal health agencies for immediately declaring detection of virus. Other countries hide. Quick response noted by the WHO Avian Influenza Protection Plan (AIPP) was put to test and actually worked. Result of months of collaboration among gov t., private sector and poultry veterinarians. Principles behind provisions used to respond to first AI case.

46 Lessons Learned Impact on poultry business can be minimized. Though there was marked decline in prices and consumption in Bulacan area, prices and supply remained stable throughout the country. Successful media management Careful crafting of official announcements Special intervention in key media outlets Consistent public assurance of safety

Moving Forward Recognition of AI-free status of RP OIE/FAO on July 22 and Sept 9 announced invalidation of diagnosis of AI infection in RP. Japan still insists on 90-day ban.

47 Moving Forward Recognition of AI-free status of RP OIE/FAO on July 22 and Sept 9 announced invalidation of diagnosis of AI infection in RP. Japan still insists on 90-day ban. Consolidation of funds for AI program Upgrade of industry facilities Purchase of equipment of rapid action and surveillance teams (i.e. disinfectants, protective personnel equipment (PPE) Vaccines Information, Education and Communication (IEC) Tools

48 Moving Forward Strengthening of AI prevention measures: Comprehensive biosecurity program around areas frequented by migratory birds on September when birds arrive from North. New duck production systems integrating biosecurity Border and customs monitoring against live bird smuggling

49 Moving Forward Review of AIPP Protocols Bridging gaps to ensure efficacy

Country Presentation. The Philippines

Country Presentation. The Philippines Country Presentation The Philippines 1. Latest HPAI Situation Update Philippines is still an AI-free country Threat Assessment: a. Illegal trade of live poultry and exotic birds b. Migratory bird habitats