Deer Ticks...One bite can

Transcription

1 Deer Ticks...One bite can change your life... Orleans Conservation Trust October 21, 2014 Larry Dapsis Deer Tick Project Coordinator - Entomologist

2 Ticks have NO friends The Dalai Lama I love everything in the world except for ticks

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4 CDC - 30,000 Cases per Year???

5 MA Lyme Incidence per 100,000 people

6 Avg Incidence Rate Lyme to Incidence per 10,000 people

7 More annoying than a disease threat in MA, but Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Tularemia Dog Tick Rare in MA

8 Cuttyhunk & Prudence Islands Sandy Neck and? Aggressive biter Lone Star Tick Erlichiosis STARI Tularemia Red Meat Allergy

9 Deer Tick, or Blacklegged Tick

10 Tick Ambush Behavior Questing Designed to latch onto any creature that brushes up against it

11 The Lyme Disease Cycle 1. Tick Larvae Hatch Meal #1 2. Nymphs Meal #2 Retain and transmit the disease back to mice, birds, etc. 3. Adult Ticks Meal #3 Deer and other larger vertebrates Female Ticks need meal to make eggs lotsa eggs

12 About hosts 125 vertebrate species play in the tick-disease ecosystem Rodents are important infective hosts Mice are extremely competent, as are chipmunks Birds play a role Hosts that are incompetent are important for supporting tick numbers

13 Risk of infection is year round, but the greatest risk is NOT the tick adults Fall thru Spring, 50% infected Bite more likely to be detected it s from the nymph stage Late May into August, 25% infected Bite is difficult to detect

14 Tick SIZE WISE? check your bagels Adult Sesame Seed Sized Nymph - Poppy Seed Sized

15 Number of Cases Number of Confirmed and Probable Lyme Disease Cases Reported in Massachusetts by Month of Onset, Probable Cases Confirmed Cases JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC Month of O nset

16 Cases (per 100,000) Incidence Rates of Confirmed and Probable Lyme Disease Cases in Massachusetts, by Age Group, Probable Cases 60 Confirmed Cases < Age (years)

17 Lyme Disease Transmission is Not Immediate 24 Hour Rule for Lyme

18 Watson, the plot continues to thicken.

19 Other Diseases Transmitted by Deer Ticks o Babesiosis o Invades Red Blood Cells (malaria-like) o Symptoms include fever/chills, severe anemia o Blood Transfusion

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21 Other Diseases Transmitted by Deer Ticks o Anaplasmosis (HGA) o Invades White Blood Cells o Symptoms include fever, nausea, headache, muscle pain, abdominal pain, confusion

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23 Cases (per 100,000) Cases (per 100,000) Incidence Rate of Confirmed Babesiosis Cases in Massachsetts, by Age Group, < 5 5 to 9 10 to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to Age Group Incidence Rate of Confirmed HGA Cases Reported in Massachusetts, by Age Range, < 5 5 to 9 10 to to to to to to to to to to to to to to to Age Group

24 Nymph Stage Tick Infection Punkhorn Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana Bells Neck Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana

25 Borrelia miyamotoi Known for 10 years First linkage to human disease in 2012 Russia U.S. cases followed Misdiagnosed as Anaplasmosis Found in 3% of nymph stage ticks, Cape & Island sites

26 Phase 1 Game Plan- Protect Yourself

27 Phase 1 Game Plan- Protect Yourself Proper Tweezers Proper Removal Save Tick Record Date Infection Test Available Laboratory of Medical Zoology Umass-Amherst

28 Community Innovation Challenge Grant Tick Testing UMass Amherst Four Counties 32 Towns Barnstable, Nantucket, Middlesex, Franklin 100 Ticks per town No charge to submitter

29 Protect Yourself Proper Clothing Long pants - tucked into socks Light colors easier to see ticks Shower and tumble-dry clothes for 20 minutes Shoes Deet containing products on exposed skin

30 Tick Repellent Clothing Permethrin Fabric only Active thru 6 washings Note, Permethrin is an insecticide that repels and kills ticks. Read the Label Brands Ben s, Coleman

31 Pre-treated Tick Repellent Clothing Proprietary process to bond permethrin to fabric 70 Washings EPA Claim

32 Permethrin Facts 2,250 times more toxic to ticks than humans EPA: Reasonable certainty that permethrin-treated clothing poses no harm to infants or children Low skin absorption metabolized quickly Exposure data studied by National Academy of Sciences Used for scabies and head lice control

33 Phase 2 Game Plan - Protect Your Yard Wildlife and habitat management? Perimeter sprays effective NOT the entire yard Consider all edges

34 Damminix Tubes Eco-Health, Inc.

35 Phase 3 Game Plan - Protect Your Pets Tick check Products such as K9 Advantix, Frontline Vaccine available for dogs

36 Don t let...one bite change your life... Simplified Game Plan Summary Tick Checks and Use of Permethrin- Treated Clothing Perimeter Yard Spray Pet Protection

37 Damminix Tubes Several initial university studies looked promising Fewer ticks on mice Follow-up studies, NY & CT Replicated, multi-year No significant effect on nymph tick populations not all tick-carrying animals take cotton Company website testimonial driven, no baseline data in company trial

38 Can Deer Exclusion Fencing reduce tick populations on a homeowners property??? Fact or Myth

39 Effect of Exclusion Fencing Effect of Deer Exclusion Fencing on Tick Numbers More Ticks Fewer Ticks Acres Fenced Off Perkins, 2008

40 Ticks are designed to stay a while

41 Protect Yourself Tick Checks Choose Proper tool for removing an attached tick A NO C NO E B NO YES pointy tweezers D NO

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43 So, WHAT IS LYME DISEASE?

44 Lyme, Connecticut 1975 Cluster of 51 cases Arthritis, children & adults Link between ticks and the bacterium Borrelia burgdorferi Known as a condition for several 100 years 2012 Europe - 5,300 old mummy Italian Alps

45 Lyme disease bacteria take cover in lymph nodes June 16, 2011 University of California Makes the lymph nodes less effective in fighting infection May explain why people can get repeated infections

46 IDSA Guidelines, There is no convincing biologic evidence for the existence of symptomatic chronic B. burgdorferi infection among patients after receipt of recommended treatment regimens for Lyme disease ILADS, respectfully disagrees Longer courses of antibiotics treatment Repeat antibiotics for recurrence

47 New York Nymph density (per 100 m 2 ), year t 25 Cary Institute, R 2 = Fall deer density (obs/hr), year t-2 Ostfeld et al., 2006

48 80 Deer & Nymph Tick Populations Cape Cod Martha's Vineyard Nantucket Avg Nymph Ticks per Hour to 2012 Deer per Sq Mile

49 Cape Cod 2014 Winter: Kill Ticks???

50 Nymph Stage Tick Infection Jehu Pond Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana

51 Nymph Stage Tick Infection Almanack Pond % Bor-Bab-Ana Loring Foundation % Bor-Bab-Ana

52 Nymph Stage Tick Infection Burgess Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana

53 Nymph Stage Tick Infection Jehu Pond Conservation % Bor-Bab-Ana

54 Permethrin Distribution Eastern Mountain Sports Hyannis, Bourne Hyannis Country Gardens Scenic Roots Sandwich Aubuchon Hardware Sandwich Ace Hardware Yarmouth, Sandwich Nickerson State Park Brewster Agway Dennis, Orleans, Chatham Green Spot Garden Center - Yarmouth

55 Guinea Hens The Biocontrol Rescue Squad?

56 Powassan Virus 2001 to 2012 NY ca. 5% infection rate in deer ticks

57 3 heart cases, deaths tied to Lyme disease By Beth Daley December 13, 2013 Many tests to diagnose Lyme, but no proof they work October 21, 2013

58 Tick Borne Diseases - Litigation YMCA summer camp, CT Teenager with severe chronic Lyme Lawsuit for $41.7 million Pending Private Prep School, NY Student on school-sponsored trip to China Tick Borne Encephalitis Brain Damage Lawsuit for $41.7 million Awarded

59 Bill H.989 An Act relative to Lyme Disease treatment coverage By Mr. Speliotis of Danvers

60 HR 610 Tickborne Diseases Advisory Committee HR 611 Committee plus $100 million Testing, Reporting, Education, Treatment

61 Nymph Stage Tick Infection Dennis Pond % Bor-Bab-Ana