Giant Salvinia. coastal Louisiana. Ronny Paille U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Lafayette, Louisiana.

Transcription

1 Giant Salvinia in coastal Louisiana Ronny Paille U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Ecological Services Lafayette, Louisiana December 2016

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3 Giant Salvinia Tertiary Phase

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8 5-Mar-2013

9 31-Oct-2014

10 25-Aug-2015

11 6-Apr-2016

12 3.64 ft is almost +3.0 ft above marsh! Marsh elevation ft Marsh elevation ft

13 Giant Salvinia Photo: Lee Jared Eisenburg 2011 MS Thesis (LSU Dept. of Entomology)

14 McIlhenny Corp. marsh pond - June 8, 2016

15 McIlhenny Corp. marsh pond - June 8, 2016

16 McIlhenny Corp. marsh pond - June 8, 2016

17 McIlhenny Corp. marsh pond - June 8, 2016

18 Apache Corp. Marshes (photo courtesy of Tim Allen)

19 Water Hyacinth smothering along north shore of Lost Lake May 25, 2016

20 Water Hyacinth smothering along north shore of Lost Lake May 25, 2016

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22 Infestation Area Summary Percent Infestati on by Marsh Type Infestation Area Water Acres Habitat Type Fresh Marsh 5, % Intermediate Marsh 11, % Brackish Marsh 3,162 20, % %

23 Brackish Marsh Infestation Areas

24 6-Apr-2016

25 6-Apr-2016 Salvinia

26 6-Apr-2016

27 MRGO closure

28 Annual Growing Season Salinity Annual Year Average Salinity (ppt) (ppt) Max Salinity (ppt) Year * Nov. Average Salinity (ppt) Oct. Average Salinity (ppt)

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30 31-Dec-2009 Salvinia

31 Salvinia CRMS Jan-2015

32 Hurricane Isaac

33 17 days 12 days 29 days 7 CRMS 190 Salinity (ppt) /3/ /13/2009 1/22/2010 3/3/2010 4/12/2010 5/22/2010 7/1/2010 8/10/2010 9/19/ /29/ /8/2010 1/17/2011 2/26/2011 4/7/2011 5/17/2011 6/26/2011 8/5/2011 9/14/ /24/ /3/2011 1/12/2012 2/21/2012 4/1/2012 5/11/2012 6/20/2012 7/30/2012 9/8/ /18/ /27/2012 1/6/2013 2/15/2013 3/27/2013 5/6/2013 6/15/2013 7/25/2013 9/3/ /13/ /22/2013 1/1/2014 2/10/2014 3/22/2014 5/1/2014 6/10/2014 7/20/2014 8/29/ /8/ /17/ /27/2014 2/5/2015 3/17/2015 4/26/2015 6/5/2015 7/15/2015 8/24/ /3/ /12/ /22/2015 1/31/2016 3/11/2016 Average salinity = 1.17 ppt

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35 25-Aug-2016 Salvinia

36 6-Apr-2016

37 3.64 ft is almost +3.0 ft above marsh! Marsh elevation ft Marsh elevation ft

38 CRMS 2854 Salinity (ppt) days > 3.0 ppt? 11/22/ /12/2013 1/1/2014 1/21/2014 2/10/2014 3/2/2014 3/22/2014 4/11/2014 5/1/2014 5/21/2014 6/10/2014 6/30/2014 7/20/2014 8/9/2014 8/29/2014 9/18/ /8/ /28/ /17/ /7/ /27/2014 1/16/2015 2/5/2015 2/25/2015 3/17/2015 4/6/2015 4/26/2015 5/16/2015 6/5/2015 6/25/2015 7/15/2015 8/4/2015 8/24/2015 9/13/ /3/ /23/ /12/ /2/ /22/2015 1/11/2016 1/31/2016 2/20/2016 Average 2014 salinity = 1.81 ppt Average 2015 salinity = 2.28 ppt

39 Salvinia Weevil (Cyrtobagous salviniae) Photo courtesy of LSU AgCenter: How to Rear Giant Salvinia Weevils in Outdoor Ponds (2016)

40 Big Burns Marshes Miami Corp., Cameron Parish, LA Photos courtesy of Dr. Rodrigo Diaz, LSU Dept. of Entomology

41 Big Burns Marshes Miami Corp., Cameron Parish, LA Photos courtesy of Dr. Rodrigo Diaz, LSU Dept. of Entomology

42 To Kill Giant Salvinia... Need 40 to 60 adult weevils/kg Salvinia at 50 adults/ft 2... Need 2,000,000 adults/acre

43 Water Temperature Related Aspects of Weevil Life History Egg mortality <= 19 o C (66 o F) Larvae mortality <= 17 o C (63 o F) Adult mortality increases with repeated cold events (RCE)< 4 o C Water Temperature also governs Fecundity Lifespan Mortality

44 Weevil Development Period under Constant Temperature Water Temp o C Water Temp o F Egg Larva Pupa Larva + Pupae Total egg to adult Days Days Days Days Days M M M M M M M Black Font values from: Sands, D.P.A., M. Schotz, and A.S. Bourne A comparative study on the intrinsic rates of increase of Cyrtobagous singularis and C. salviniae on the water weed Salvinia molesta. Entomol. Exp. Appl. 42 (1986): Pg Blue Font values: extrapolated from Sands et al M = mortality

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46 Jan 6-Jan 11-Jan 16-Jan 21-Jan 26-Jan 31-Jan 5-Feb 10-Feb 15-Feb 20-Feb 25-Feb 2-Mar 7-Mar 12-Mar 17-Mar 22-Mar 27-Mar 1-Apr 6-Apr 11-Apr 16-Apr 21-Apr 26-Apr 1-May 6-May 11-May 16-May 21-May 26-May 31-May 5-Jun 10-Jun 15-Jun 20-Jun 25-Jun 30-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 15-Jul 20-Jul 25-Jul 30-Jul 4-Aug 9-Aug 14-Aug 19-Aug 24-Aug 29-Aug 3-Sep 8-Sep 13-Sep 18-Sep 23-Sep 28-Sep 3-Oct 8-Oct 13-Oct 18-Oct 23-Oct 28-Oct 2-Nov 7-Nov 12-Nov 17-Nov 22-Nov 27-Nov 2-Dec 7-Dec 12-Dec 17-Dec 22-Dec 27-Dec 1-Jan Jan 6-Jan 11-Jan 16-Jan 21-Jan 26-Jan 31-Jan 5-Feb 10-Feb 15-Feb 20-Feb 25-Feb 2-Mar 7-Mar 12-Mar 17-Mar 22-Mar 27-Mar 1-Apr 6-Apr 11-Apr 16-Apr 21-Apr 26-Apr 1-May 6-May 11-May 16-May 21-May 26-May 31-May 5-Jun 10-Jun 15-Jun 20-Jun 25-Jun 30-Jun 5-Jul 10-Jul 15-Jul 20-Jul 25-Jul 30-Jul 4-Aug 9-Aug 14-Aug 19-Aug 24-Aug 29-Aug 3-Sep 8-Sep 13-Sep 18-Sep 23-Sep 28-Sep 3-Oct 8-Oct 13-Oct 18-Oct 23-Oct 28-Oct 2-Nov 7-Nov 12-Nov 17-Nov 22-Nov 27-Nov 2-Dec 7-Dec 12-Dec 17-Dec 22-Dec 27-Dec 1-Jan 6-Jan 2015 Reproductive Season Reproductive Season Egg Mortality Water Temperature o C Water Temperature o C

47 Winter Season is Critical! Long Winter (only adults survive winter) Fewer adults survive till spring RCEs increase adult mortality Long Summer More adults survive till spring More generations occur concurrently

48 2007 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2008 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2009 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2010 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2011 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2012 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2013 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2014 Cold Event Durations (hours) 2015 Cold Event Durations (hours) none none # Cold Events >= 6 hrs Nov - Feb Mortality Reprod. Season (wks) Acres Cleared in Yr , , ,378 Acres Cleared in Yr Weevil Population Model Results

49 Weevil Population Model 80,000 Gen. 1 70,000 Gen. 2 Gen. 3 Non-Reproductive Season 60,000 50,000 40,000 30,000 20,000 10, Adult Weevil Population Cumulative Weeks

50 Weevil Population Model 180, , , , ,000 80,000 60,000 40,000 20, Adult Weevil Population Gen. 1 Gen. 2 Gen. 3 Gen. 4 Cumulative Weeks

51 Weevil Population Model 400, , , , , , , ,000 80,000 40, Adult Weevil Population Gen. 1 Gen. 2 Gen. 3 Gen. 4 Gen. 5 Cumulative Weeks

52 Weevil Population Model 8,000,000 7,500,000 Gen. 3 Adult Weevil Population 7,000,000 6,500,000 6,000,000 5,500,000 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 3,500,000 3,000,000 2,500,000 2,000,000 1,500,000 1,000, , Gen. 4 Gen. 5 Gen. 6 Gen. 7 1 acre cleared* Cumulative Weeks * 12-week average clearing during reproductive season

53 Weevil Population Model Adult Weevil Population 300,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000, ,000,000 80,000,000 60,000,000 40,000,000 20,000,000 Gen. 6 Gen. 7 Gen. 8 Gen. 9 Gen. 10 Gen acres cleared 83 acres cleared* Cumulative Weeks * 12-week average clearing during reproductive season

54 Big Burns marsh pond June 2016 Photo courtesy: Roy Kron and Kevin Savoie, LSU Sea Grant

55 Big Burns marsh pond October 2016 Photo courtesy: Roy Kron and Kevin Savoie, LSU Sea Grant

56 The End