Lecture 5. Brief review and more exercises for consonants Vowels Even more exercises

Transcription

1 Lecture 5 Brief review and more exercises for consonants Vowels Even more exercises

2 Chart

3 Review questions What are the three features used to describe consonants?

4 Review questions What are the features of the following sounds: 1. [t] 2. [ ] 3. [ß] 4. [dω] 5. [ ] 6. [h] 7. [w] 8. [ ]

5 Review questions

6 Review questions

7 Phonetics page glish/frameset.html

8 a little more consonant exercise handout

9 handout use the chart to learn!

10

11 What can you do to alter the shape of your vocal tract?

12

13 [i]

14 [u]

15 [æ]

16 You can... Raise or lower your tongue Advance or retract your tongue Round or not round your lips Tense or lax

17 Test slowly pronounce the vowels, feel where the tongue is look in the mirror as you pronounce them close your mouth and try to pronounce the vowels use a lollipop

18 Front Central Back i ɪ u ʊ High e ɛ ʌ ə o ɔ Mid æ å Low

19 So what vowels do you have? i

20 So what vowels do you have? i sheep, sleep

21 So what vowels do you have? i sheep, sleep ɪ

22 So what vowels do you have? i sheep, sleep ɪ ship, slip

23 i ɪ So what vowels do you have? e

24 i ɪ So what vowels do you have? e ɛ

25 i ɪ So what vowels do you have? e ɛ led, sped, tread

26 i ɪ So what vowels do you have? e ɛ æ

27 i ɪ So what vowels do you have? e ɛ æ bat, lad

28 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ u e ɛ æ

29 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ Luke, who d, suit u e ɛ æ

30 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ Luke, who d, suit ʊ u e ɛ æ

31 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ Luke, who d, suit look, hood, soot ʊ u e ɛ æ

32 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ o æ

33 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ o æ

34 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ o ɔ æ

35 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ o ɔ caught, tall, dawn æ

36 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ o ɔ æ å

37 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ o ɔ father, cot, Don æ å

38 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ ʌ o ɔ æ å

39 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ɛ ʌ but, putt, rut o ɔ æ å

40 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ ʊ u e ə ɛ ʌ but, putt, rut o ɔ æ å

41 So what vowels do you have? i ɪ metallic, Texas e ə ɛ ʌ but, putt, rut ʊ o ɔ u æ å

42 i ɪ Here they all are ʊ u e ɛ ʌ ə o ɔ æ å

43 Vowel features High/mid/low: raise or lower the tongue Front/back: advance or retract tongue Round/unrounded: round or spread lips Tense/lax: tense tongue muscles or not

44 Front Central Back i ɪ u ʊ High e ɛ ʌ ə o ɔ Mid æ å Low

45 Front Central Back i ɪ u ʊ High e ɛ ʌ ə o ɔ Mid æ a Low round

46 Front Central Back i ɪ u ʊ High e ɛ ʌ ə o ɔ Mid tense æ a Low round

47

48 Vowel features High/mid/low: raise or lower the tongue Front/back: advance or retract tongue Round/unrounded: round or spread lips Tense/lax: tense tongue muscles or not E.g. [i] is a high, front, tense vowel. [u] is a high, back, round tense vowel.

49 Some dialectal differences caught/cot, dawn/don[mid back lax vowel and mid back tense vowel]: many American speakers do not have both of these. aunt/ant, plaza, etc

50 Diphthongs: two-part vowels (cf. monophthongs) 1. [åi] bite, aisle, choir, island 2. [å ] brown, doubt, loud, hour 3. [øi] boy, rejoice, annoy, poison 4. [o ] boat, grow, though, over 5. [ei] bait, reign, great, they, gauge å

51 Diphthongs: å

52 Diphthongs: I å

53 Diphthongs: I side, my, kind å

54 Diphthongs: å

55 Diphthongs: å

56 Diphthongs: loud, brow, hour å

57 Diphthongs: ɔ

58 Diphthongs: ɔi

59 Diphthongs: boy, annoy, toil ɔi

60

61 Now you have vowels & consonants so you can transcribe sounds of words! write throw textbook

62 handouts Vowel exercises

63 Speech Production - Summary Airflow set in vibration by vocal folds Airflow modified by vocal tract Vowels:shaping of oral cavity Consonants: narrowing or blocking of oral/nasal cavity Different languages choose different selections of articulatory gestures

64 Speech Perception Speech production processes must be undone by the ear Motions of articulators must be reconstructed from patterns of air vibration Requires extremely precise hearing, possibly a system specialized for hearing speech Substantially developed at birth

65 For Monday Phonetics Quiz (closed book) on Monday! Go over the exercises, and remember the consonant and vowel features - no need to remember syllabic consonants flap r [ ] Read LF phonology part 1 & Jackendoff Ch 5