Mechanism of Action. Dr. Fredrik Ollila CEO, BonAlive Biomaterials Ltd.

Transcription

1 Mechanism of Action Dr. Fredrik Ollila CEO, BonAlive Biomaterials Ltd Version 91318f/

2 BonAlive granules (S53P4) composition: 53% Silicate (SiO 2 ) 23% Sodium (Na 2 O) 20% Calcium (CaO) 4% Phosphate (P 2 O 5 ) Version 91318f/

3 Unique bacterial growth inhibiting bone graft substitute Non-antibiotic based technology Based on physical-chemical reactions on granule surface Stimulates bone formation and remodels slowly into bone 20-year clinical history Over 20 peer-reviewed published clinical articles More than a decade of human prospective randomised clinical data Version 91318f/

4 References Mechanism of action Mechanism of action (osteostimulation*) *non-osteoinductive Osteoblast response to continuous phase macroporous scaffolds under static and dynamic culture conditions. Meretoja VV, Malin M, Seppälä JV, Närhi TO. J Biomed Mater Res. 2008;89A(2): Molecular basis for action of bioactive glasses as bone graft substitute. Välimäki VV, Aro HT. Scandinavian Journal of Surgery. 2006;95(2): Intact surface of bioactive glass S53P4 is resistant to osteoclastic activity. Wilson T, Parikka V, Holmbom J, Ylänen H, Penttinen R. J Biomed Mater Res. 2005;77A(1): Granule size and composition of bioactive glasses affect osteoconduction in rabbit. Lindfors NC, Aho AJ. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 2003;14(4): Osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow stromal cells cultured on silica gel and sol-gel-derived titania. Dieudonné SC, van den Dolder J, de Ruijter JE, Paldan H, Peltola T, van t Hof MA, Happonen RP, Jansen JA. Biomaterials. 2002;23(14): Histomorphometric and molecular biologic comparison of bioactive glass granules and autogenous bone grafts in augmentation of bone defect healing. Virolainen P, Heikkilä J, Yli-Urpo A, Vuorio E, Aro HT. J Biomed Mater Res. 1997;35A(1):9-17. Inhibition of bacterial growth Antibacterial effects and dissolution behavior of six bioactive glasses. Zhang D, Leppäranta O, Munukka E, Ylänen H, Viljanen MK, Eerola E, Hupa M, Hupa L. J Biomed Mater Res. 2010;93A(2): Bactericidal effects of bioactive glasses on clinically important aerobic bacteria. Munukka E, Leppäranta O, Korkeamäki M, Vaahtio M, Peltola T, Zhang D, Hupa L, Ylänen H, Salonen JI, Viljanen MK, Eerola E. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 2008;19(1): Antibacterial effect of bioactive glasses on clinically important anaerobic bacteria in vitro. Leppäranta O, Vaahtio M, Peltola T, Zhang D, Hupa L, Ylänen H, Salonen JI, Viljanen MK, Eerola E. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 2008;19(2): In situ ph within particle beds of bioactive glasses. Zhang D, Hupa M, Hupa L. Acta Biomaterialia. 2008;4(5): Factors controlling antibacterial properties of bioactive glasses. Zhang D, Munukka E, Hupa L, Ylänen H, Viljanen MK, Hupa M. Key Engineering Materials. 2007; : Comparison of antibacterial effect on three bioactive glasses. Zhang D, Munukka E, Leppäranta O, Hupa L, Ylänen H, Salonen J, Eerola E, Viljanen MK, Hupa M. Key Engineering Materials. 2006; : Interactions between the bioactive glass S53P4 and the atrophic rhinitisassociated microorganism Klebsiella ozaenae. Stoor P, Söderling E, Grenman R. J Biomed Mater Res. 1999;48(6): Antibacterial effects of a bioactive glass paste on oral micro-organisms. Stoor P, Söderling E, Salonen JI. Acta Odontol Scand. 1998;56(3): Interactions between the frontal sinusitis-associated pathogen Heamophilus Influenzae and the bioactive glass S53P4. Stoor P, Söderling E, Andersson OH, Yli-Urpo A. Bioceramics. 1995;8: Version 91318f/

5 References Orthopaedics & trauma Trauma surgery Bioactive glass S53P4 and autograft bone in treatment of depressed tibial plateau fractures. A prospective randomized 11-year follow-up. Pernaa K, Koski I, Mattila K, Gullichsen E, Heikkilä J, Aho AJ, Lindfors N. J Long-term Eff Med Impl. 2011;21(2): Bioactive glass granules: a suitable bone substitute material in the operative treatment of depressed lateral tibial plateau fractures: a prospective, randomized 1 year follow-up study. Heikkilä JT, Kukkonen J, Aho AJ, Moisander S, Kyyrönen T, Mattila K. J Mater Sci: Mater Med. 2011;22(4): Instrumented spondylodesis in degenerative spondylolisthesis with bioactive glass and autologous bone. A prospective 11-year follow-up. Frantzén J, Rantakokko J, Aro H, Heinänen J, Kajander S, Koski I, Gullichsen E, Kotilainen E, Lindfors N. J Spinal Disorder Tech. 2011;24(7): Posterolateral spondylodesis using bioactive glass S53P4 and autogenous bone in instrumented unstable lumbar spine burst fractures - A prospective 10-year follow-up study. Rantakokko J, Frantzén J, Heinänen J, Kajander S, Kotilainen E, Gullichsen E, Lindfors N. Scan J Surg. 2012;101(1): Benign bone tumour surgery A prospective randomized 14-year follow-up study of bioactive glass and autogenous bone as bone graft substitutes in benign bone tumors. Lindfors NC, Koski I, Heikkilä JT, Mattila K, Aho AJ. J Biomed Mater Res. 2010;94B(1): Treatment of a recurrent aneurysmal bone cyst with bioactive glass in a child allows for good bone remodelling and growth. Lindfors NC. Bone. 2009;45: Bioactive glass and autogenous bone as bone graft substitutes in benign bone tumors. Lindfors NC, Heikkilä J, Koski I, Mattila K, Aho AJ. J Biomed Mater Res. 2009;90B(1): Chronic osteomyelitis surgery Through the looking glass; bioactive glass S53P4 (BonAlive ) in the treatment of chronic osteomyelitis. McAndrew J, Efrimescu C, Sheehan E, Niall D. Ir J Med Sci. 2013;182(3): Clinical experience on bioactive blass S53P4 in reconstructive surgery in the upper extremity showing bone remodelling, vascularization, cartilage repair and antibacterial properties of S53P4. Lindfors NC. J Biotechnol Biomaterial. 2011;1(5). (An open access journal.) Bioactive glass S53P4 as bone graft substitute in treatment of osteomyelitis. Lindfors NC, Hyvönen P, Nyyssönen M, Kirjavainen M, Kankare J, Gullichsen E, Salo J. Bone. 2010;47: Preclinical publications Bioactive glass as bone-graft substitute for posterior spinal fusion in rabbit. Lindfors NC, Tallroth K, Aho AJ. J Biomed Mater Res. 2002;63B(2): Tissue response to bioactive glass and autogenous bone in the rabbit spine. Lindfors NC, Aho AJ. Eur Spine J. 2000;9: Bioactive glass and calcium carbonate granules as filler material around titanium and bioactive glass implants in the medullar space of the rabbit tibia. Turunen T, Peltola J, Helenius H, Yli-Urpo A, Happonen, R. Clin Oral Impl Res. 1997;8: Long term behaviour of bioactive glass cone and granules in rabbit bone. Heikkilä JT, Salonen H, Yli-Urpo A, Aho AJ. Bioceramics. 1996;9: Protein adsorption properties of bioactive glasses compared to their behaviour in rabbit tibia. Brink M, Söderling E, Turunen T, Karlsson KH. Bioceramics. 1995;8: Bone formation in rabbit cancellous bone defects filled with bioactive glass granules. Heikkilä JT, Aho HJ, Yli-Urpo A, Happonen R, Aho AJ. Acta Orthopaedica. 1995;66(5): Version 91318f/

6 References CMF & ENT Frontal sinus surgery Long-term microscopic and tissue analytical findings for 2 frontal sinus obliteration materials. Peltola M, Aitasalo K, Aho AJ, Tirri T, Suonpää J. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2008;66(8): Long-term tissue reactions of three biomaterials in craniofacial surgery. Peltola M, Aitasalo K, Tirri T, Rekola J, Puntala A. Key Engineering Materials. 2008; : Bioactive glass hydroxyapatite in fronto-orbital defect reconstruction. Aitasalo K, Peltola M. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2007;120(7): Bioactive glass S53P4 in frontal sinus obliteration: A long-term clinical experience. Peltola M, Aitasalo K, Suonpää J, Varpula M, Yli-Urpo A. Head and Neck. 2006;28(9): Bioactive glass granules as a bone adjunctive material in maxillary sinus floor augmentation. Turunen T, Peltola J, Yli-Urpo A, Happonen R. Clin Oral Impl Res. 2004;15(2): Bioactive glass S53P4 in frontal sinus obliteration. A 9-year experience. Aitasalo K, Peltola M, Suonpää J, Yli-Urpo A. Key Engineering Materials. 2001; : Obliteration of the frontal sinus cavity with bioactive glass. Peltola M, Suonpää J, Aitasalo K, Varpula M, Yli-Urpo A, Happonen R. Head and Neck. 1998;20(4): Behaviour of bioactive glass (S53P4) in human frontal sinus obliteration. Aitasalo K, Suonpää J, Peltola M, Yli-Urpo A. Bioceramics. 1997;10: Obliteration of frontal sinuses with bioactive glass after chronic suppurative sinusitis. One year follow up. Aitasalo K, Peltola M, Suonpää J, Yli-Urpo A, Andersson Ö, Varpula M, Happonen R. Bioceramics. 1994;7: Mastoid surgery Bioactive glass S53P4 in mastoid obliteration surgery for chronic otitis media and cerebrospinal fluid leakage. Sarin J, Grénman R, Aitasalo K, Pulkkinen J. Anna Otol, Rhinol Laryngol. 2012;121(9): Mastoidectomy cavity obliteration with bioactive glass: A pilot study. Silvola JT. Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery. 2012;147(I): Bioactive glass S53P4 in the filling of cavities in the mastoid cell area in surgery for chronic otitis media. Stoor P, Pulkkinen J, Grénman R, Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol Jun;119(6): Version 91318f/

7 Surface reaction cascade Starts immediately after the granules are moistened Bioactive glass inhibits bacterial growth 1. Increase of ph (alkaline environment) Release of Sodium (Na), formation of NaOH Na Ca P Si Bacteria cannot adhere and colonize on surface 2. Increase of osmotic pressure/ salt concentration Release of Sodium (Na), Calcium (Ca), Phosphate (P), Silicate (Si) Na, Ca, P, Si are elements that exist naturally in the body Version 91318f/

8 Surface reaction cascade < 1 day in contact with body fluids Silica-gel layer forms on granule surface Negatively charged surface Attracts Ca and P that have released from the granule surface Si-gel layer The Silica-gel layer acts as a template for CaP precipitation Version 91318f/

9 Surface reaction cascade < 1 week in contact with body fluids CaP crystallizes to natural hydroxyapatite (HA) CaP Ca and P will form CaP that precipitates to the silica gel The CaP-layer mineralizes to the natural hydroxyapatite The natural hydroxyapatite will bond to the surrounding bone The HA layer bonds to bone & promotes osteointegration Version 91318f/

10 Turku University Hospital, Finland Bone formation cascade Scanning electron microscopy images Hydroxyapatite starts to form on BonAlive granules surface Hydroxyapatite covers BonAlive granules surface BonAlive granules bonds to bone and stimulates new bone formation (osteostimulation*) *non-osteoinductive Collagen fibres BonAlive granules surface 1 day 1 week 6-12 weeks Version 91318f/

11 Päijät-Häme Central Hospital, Finland Bone formation cascade Histological image Dense tissue formation Reaction layer on the surface of BonAlive granules Cells attach to granules surface Histological 20 µm-thick section from the mastoid area at three months after obliteration with BonAlive granules (human biopsy) Version 91318f/

12 Osteostimulation* A unique feature of BonAlive granules Osteostimulation* is a more active process than osteoconduction and thus anticipates an enhanced tissue response at molecular and cellular level. Osteostimulation* activates osteoblast proliferation and differentiation that leads to new bone formation in osseous defects. *non-osteoinductive BonAlive granules has been shown in-vivo to: stimulate the recruitment and differentiation of osteoblasts enhance osteoblast activity increase the remodelling rate of new bone The current study confirms that the BG (bioactive glass) surface is not only conductive but also osteoproductive in promoting migration, replication, and differentiation of osteogenic cells and their matrix production. Virolainen P.et al.,1997 Version 91318f/

13 Välimäki VV. et al, Osteoconduction and osteostimulation* *non-osteoinductive Scaffold structure and new bone formation around the bioactive glass Image showing the bonding between reaction layers of the bioactive glass and new bone Version 91318f/

14 Stoor et al BonAlive granules inhibits bacterial growth Bacteria cannot grow on BonAlive granules surface Aggregation test with pigmented P. gingivalis Bacteria adhere and grow in the hydroxyapatite bone graft substitute mass Bacteria cannot adhere and grow on BonAlive granules bone graft substitute surface Bacteria (adherence) Bacteria (non-adherence) Hydroxyapatite BonAlive granules Version 91318f/

15 BonAlive granules inhibits bacterial growth Inhibits bacterial growth through physical and chemical reactions Results show clear inhibition of all tested species 29 aerobic and 17 anaerobic clinically important bacterial species tested Aerobic species Gram positive S. epidermidis Effective S. aureus Effective S. aureus (MRSA) Effective E. faecalis Effective S. pneumoniae Effective Aerobic species Gram negative E. coli Effective P. aeruginosa Effective K. pneumoniae Effective H. influenzae Effective Growth inhibition Munukka et al Growth inhibition Munukka et al Anaerobic species C. difficile Effective B. adolescentis Effective E. lentum Effective P. gingivalis Effective P. acnes Effective P. anaerobius Effective Growth inhibition Leppäranta et al Version 91318f/

16 Conclusions on BonAlive granules Biomaterial that inhibits bacterial growth Occurs through the surface reactions Increase of ph Osmotic pressure Stimulates new bone formation Natural hydroxyapatite (HA) bonds to bone Resorbs and remodels to bone Increases the remodelling rate of new bone Version 91318f/

17 Contact us BonAlive Biomaterials Ltd Tel (0) Fax +358 (0) Biolinja 12, Turku, Finland Medical questions: Version 91318f/