ƒ ϵâ π ÿ æ Õß À Èπ πµàõ ËÕ
|
|
- Opal Armstrong
- 6 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 ƒ ϵâ π ÿ æ Õß À Èπ πµàõ ËÕ Enterococcus Faecalis Ë Õ Õøî å Antimicrobial Activity of Curcuma longa Linn. Crude Extract Against Enterococcus faecalis Planktonic and Biofilm Growth «Original Article æ å ß, µ âõπ, Õÿ π øõß«π, ÿ À «À ß, ÿ æ π å ÿ«ÿ «πµ ªÑÕß π πµ æ» µ å À «π»«patcharaporn Deekung, Nattika Katkon, U-ten Fongwarin, Suttimas Yuakyong, Suttipalin Suwannakul Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University. πµ 2556; 34(2) : CM Dent J 2013; 34(2) : àõ «µ ÿª ß å æ ËÕ» ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) Ë Õ Õøî å Õß À Èπ π : Èπ π â«õ πõ â âπ âõ 95 àõππ» ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Èπµâπ â««agar disc diffusion assay À à «â âπµë ÿ Ë ƒ Ï Èß ÈÕ (Minimal inhi-bitory concentration; MIC) à ÈÕ (Minimal bactericidal concentration; MBC) â««broth dilution assay» ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ Õøî å ª Õ å- Œ π Ÿ πµ «â âπ âõ 0.2 ª ª µ (0.2% w/v) Abstract The aim of this study was to determine the antibacterial activity of Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract that against Enterococcus faecalis planktonic and biofilm. Method Crude extracts from Curcuma were extracted by 95% ethanol. The antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis was carried out by agar disc diffusion assay and determined both MIC and MBC of crude extracts against Enterococcus faecalis planktonic and biofilm by broth dilution assay compared to chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2 % w/v). Corresponding Author: ÿ æ π å ÿ«ÿ Õ å. ª 𵫫𵠪ÑÕß π πµ æ» µ å À «π»«æ ÿ Suttipalin Suwannakul Lecturer Dr., Periodontal Section, Department of Preventive Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Naresuan University, Phisanulok 65000, Thailand. oomdent@hotmail.com
2 118 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 º» : À Èπ π ƒ Ïµâ π E. faecalis Ë Õ à MIC MBC Õß À Èπ πµàõ ÈÕ à µàõ µ µ à«π Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ à MIC MBC à µàõ µ µ À Èπ π Èß ª ªìπ Õøî å Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis â ÈßÀ Ë «â âπ 300 µàõ µ πõ π È À Èπ π ß µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å â«â à «â âπµë ÿ Ë Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë ªìπ Õøî å â«à 37.5 µàõ µ µàõ à ß Áµ «â âπ Ÿß ÿ Ë â π» π È ß à ߃ Ï ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë ªìπ Õøî å â«â ÈßÀ ÿª: À Èπ ππ Èπ ª æ π µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Èß Ë Õ Õøî å â µàõ à ß Áµ «â âπ Ë â π Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å π Èπ Ÿß «à ÈÕ Ë Õ : Èπ π Õøî å Enterococcus faecalis Result The MIC and MBC of the crude extracts against Enterococcus faecalis planktonic were 25 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml, respectively, whereas those of 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate were mg/ml and mg/ml, respectively. The crude extract was able to totally inhibit growth of Enterococcuc faecalis biofilms at concentration of 300 mg/ml. In addition, the crude extracts inhibited Enterococcus faecalis established biofilm at the minimal concentration of 37.5 mg/ml, however the eradication of established Enterococcus faecalis biofilm was not seen at the highest concentration used in this study. Conclusion The crude extracts have antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis both planktonic and biofilm. However, the concentration that can inhibit Enterococcus faecalis biofilm is higher than planktonic forms. Keywords: Curcuma longa Linn., Biofilm, Enterococcus faecalis π Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) ªìπ Ë ªìπ Àµÿ Õß Õß øíπ Ë â À «ÈÕ ºà π àõߪ ª ß à ß (1,2) ºà π ß π ÈÕ ËÕª øíπ Ë µ ÈÕÀ Õ ß π ÈÕ ËÕª πµå Ë Õ (2) E. faecalis æ π å µ ÈÕ π À µ µ ÈÕ π ß πª «µ ÈÕ «º ºà µ ÈπÀ «Õ Ëß µ ÈÕ À à π È ß à «ªìπ µ ÈÕ Ë π ßæ (3) E. faecalis Èß Õ Õøî å π Õß øíπ (4) ÈÕ Ë Õøî åπ Èπæ «à ÈÕµàÕ ªØ «π Ë â π ªí ÿ π Ÿß (5) «Èß «ÿ Ë âõÿ π ( Õß øíπ â à Œ Õ å(6) ( Œ ª Õ µå(7) àßõÿ µµ ªÕ å (4) ªìπµâπ àߺ Àâ «â À «π Õß øíπ ªí À µ ÈÕ π ßæ â (3,5) ÀâµâÕß â πª Ë Ÿß ËßÕ àߺ â ß ß âßà µàõºÿâ ËÕ æâ â π â µà ߪ» Ëß æß (3,4,5) ªí ÿ π ß ºŸâ«π«πÀπ Ëß Ë» º Õߺ µ ±å µ π π â µ ÈÕ (8,9,10,11) Ë â ÿπ æ π Èπ º â ß ß π
3 119 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 πâõ ËÕ Ë ß Àå Èπ (10) À (crude extract) Õß æ ß π ƒ Ï ß ««à ÿ Ï ªìπÕß åª Õ πµ «(8,11) ß Àâ» ß «π ªí ÿ πà π π æ π æ ÿπ æ π Ÿª Õß À Èπ (8,9,11) Èπ π (Tumeric) ËÕ ß µ å«à Curcuma longa Linn. Õ Õ å Ÿ πõ å (curcuminoids) πè π ÀÕ À (12) Èπ π ƒ Ï Èß ÈÕ Ë àõ π πÿ å âà æ π ÿå â à Escherichia coli (E. coli), Helicobacter pyroli (H. pyroli), Lactobacillus acidophilus (L. acidophilus), Lactobacillu splantarum (L. splantarum), Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), Staphylococcus albus (S. albus), Streptococcus epidermidis (S. epidermidis), Streptococcus pyogene (S. pyogene) ªìπµâπ (11,12,13,14) «Èß µ «Ë àõ Àâ øíπºÿ ª πµåõ â à Streptococcous mutans (15,16) Porphyromonas gingivalis (17) ªìπµâπ ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ À π «Èß ÈÕ Candida albicans (18) ÿ µ ß «æ Ë À ª àπ ƒ Ïµâ π Áß ƒ ϵâ π Õ ªìπµâπ (11,19) «ªìπæ µàõ å π ÈÕ ËÕ µ«å ÕßµË (19,20) µà ß à ß πƒ Ï Õß À Èπ πµàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ëß ªìπ Ëæ «à æ π å µ ÈÕ È π Õß øíπ (1,6,7) ªìπ È Õß ª πµåõ ÈÕ ß (20,21)» ÿπ æ µ à«π À à ªìπ Õ Õ ÈÕ ÿ π å Ë Õ πà Õ Õß (8,9,10,11,13) æ ß» à Ë» ƒ Ï Õß ÿπ æ µàõ µâ π Õ ( øî åà Õ ÿ æ Ë Õø å(15,23,24) 𠫪ìπ ß Ë àõ π à ß æ π àõߪ π Èπ ªìπ ËÕ» π º «º À Õ À«à ß π ªìπ Õøî å (15,23,24) Ëß Õøî åπ Èπ Àâ «π «µ Õ Ÿß Õ π àõ µâ π ªØ «π â Èπ (25) «π ªí ÿ π ßÀ π Àâ «æ π Ë ( 6,27,28) «µâ π ªìπ Õøî å(2 ªí ÿ π» Ë µ Èπ π ËÕß Àµÿº ËÕß «ª Õ æ π ÈÕ Õß ÈÕ æ ËÕ π ªÆ «π À Õ ß Àå ß (11,26,27,28,29) π ß πµ Á π ÿπ æ ß π Õß â æ ËÕ ªìπ ß Õ À à π àπ π (30,31,32) ßπ Èπ» «π È «µ ÿ-ª ß å æ ËÕ» ƒ Ï µâ π ÈÕ ÿ æ À Èπ πµàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Èß Õ Õøî å æ ËÕ ªìππ âõ Ÿ æ Èπ π Ë â ªª ÿ µå âµàõ ª ªìπ π Õ ÿπ æ âõß Ëπ æ π ªìπº µ- ±å æ ËÕ Àâ ª πå π ß â π πµ- «ÿ «µ À Èπ ππ ºß Èπ π â««áπ (Maceration) â Õ πõ «â âπ âõ 95 ªìπµ ««â âπ Ë µâπ âõ 50 π «Ÿª æÿà π 250 µ ªî ª «Àâ π â«π ª à â«ëõß à Ë «Á«90 Õ µàõπ Õÿ À Ÿ 25 Õß» ªìπ «72 Ë«ß À ß π Èππ Õß â«õß Whatman No.1 æ ËÕ à«π à«π À «π à«π À «Ë â ª À Õ µ «ÕÕ â ËÕß À ÿ» Õÿ À Ÿ 65 Õß» ªìπ «2 Ë«ß â À ªìπ Õß À «Àπ πè µ â π Á ËÕÿ À Ÿ 4 Õß» àõππ Õ µ ÈÕ ÿ π å E. faecalis æ π ÿå µ π ATCC È ß πõ À È ß ÈÕ À «π Brain-Heart Infusion Broth (BHI broth) Õÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß àõπ» ÈÕ Ë à ⫪ «ÿàπ Àâ à McFarland standard d Õ å 0.5 Àâ â à Ÿ π ß ª Ëß ª à ÈÕ 108 π øõ å Ëß Ÿπ µµàõ 1 µ (colony forming units /
4 120 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 milliliter; CFU/ml) àõππ ª â π ÕßµàÕ ª Õß ÈÕ Õøî å À ÿ π 24 À ÿ (24-well microtiterplates) Ÿ π â π ª ß π Õß Õøî å àõ À À «π µà À ÿ Õß À ÿ π 24 À ÿ πª Ë à π π Èπ µ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë µâπ ß ª πª µ Èßµâπ 10 5 CFU/ml ⫪ µ à π Õ ß ÈÕ 2 à (2 folds dilutions) π ª à È ß πµÿâõ È ß ÈÕ ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß À ß ºà π à È ß ÈÕ ª â«24 Ë«ß ÀÁπ ÈÕ ªìπ ºàπ ßÊ «ÿàπ µ «π Ë «âπ Õß À ÿ π ÈπÕ À À «Ÿ Èß ª ÈÕ Ë à À ÿ À Õ Õ à ß À «Ê Á Ÿ ÕÕ â ß â«πè Ëπª Õ ÈÕ 2 Õ â«ÿ Èß «Ë À ÿ ß π Àâß ªìπ «15 π àõππ ª â π Õß ÿ µ µâ π ÈÕ Õß À Èπ πµàõ ª Õ ƒ ϵâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ Õß À Èπ π â«øøî«ëπ (diffusion method) π Õ ««Õß ÈÕµàÕ À Èπ π Ë «â âπµà ßÊ ª Õ Œ π Ÿ Õ πµ Ë ªìπ µ π Ëß ªìπµ ««ÿ «æ Õ π Õ Ë ªìπµ «Ëß ªìπµ ««ÿ π â æ π ˪» ÈÕ ÿà ÈÕ Ë â µ «â â«π ªÑ ËÊ ß πõ À È ß ÈÕ Àâ Ë«π Èππ Õ À Õ µà ßÊ Ëª µ 15 - µ ß π ºàπ å Ë À⪻ ÈÕ π âπºà π»ÿπ å ß 6 µ ⫺àπ åπ «ß ß πº «Àπâ Õ À â«ê æ ËÕµ π º «Àπâ Õ À À ß π Èπ π ª à ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß Õà πº â «Õ å- π å ª ªÕ å (Vernier caliper) «âπºà π»ÿπ å ß Õß «(clear zone) Ë Èπ Õ Ë ««à 6 µ Õ«à ƒ ϵâ π ÿ æ Õà πº Õ Èß «48 Ë«ß Õß È ÈßÀ 3 Èß â«ÿ Ëπ (dilution method) π» À «â âπ µë ÿ Ë ƒ Ï Èß ÈÕ (Minimal inhibitory concentration; MIC) à ÈÕ (Minimal bactericidal concentration; MBC) Õß À Èπ π ª Õ Œ π Ÿ Õ πµ Õß 3 ÿà Õ ÿà Õß Ë ªìπ À Èπ π Ë «â âπµà ßÊ «â âπ Ë µâπ Ë 100 µàõ µ Õ ß 2 à π «â âπ ÈßÀ 13 «â âπ ÿà «ÿ «Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ Ë «â âπµ Èßµâπ âõ 0.2 ª µàõª µ ÿà «ÿ æ Õ π Õ Ë «â âπµ Èßµâπ âõ 60 ª µàõª µ Õ ß 2 à àπ π µ ÈÕ Ë µ «â ß ª π ÿ À Õ πª ª Ë à π â«π ª à ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» π π 24 Ë«ß ËÕ à ÈÕ π 24 Ë«ß â«àâ ß µà Õ ÿ â Ë à ÈÕ Õ ŸàÀ Õ Õ À È ß ÈÕ πà Õ à ÿàπõà πª Õß Õ ÕßÀ Õ π È ªìπ à MIC π Àπ૪ìπ µàõ µ π Èππ µà À Õ ª À Õ πõ À È ß ÈÕ π Áß π π æ È ß ÈÕ π ª à ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß â«õà πº ß µ Õß π π æ ÈÕ π æ È ß ÈÕ Ë æ À Õ Õß Ë «â âπ Õß µë Ë ÿ àæ π Õß ÈÕ Èπ ªìπ «â âπµë ÿ à ÈÕ â ß ªìπ à MBC Õß È 3 Èßµ Õ ÈπµÕπ Õß Õ ƒ Ï π Èß ªìπ Õøî å Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis (Developmental biofilm formation inhibition assay) Õ ß À Èπ π Ë «â âπµà ßÊ π «Õ ß 2 à π À ÿ π 24 À ÿ æ ËÕ ªìπ ÿà Õß æ ËÕ Õ ƒ Ï Èß Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis Õøî å ª ÿà «ÿ Ëß ªìπÕ À È ß ÈÕ À «æ ßÕ à ß «ÿà «ÿ «Ëß ªìπ Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ «â âπ âõ 0.2 ª µàõª µ (0.2 % w/v) à ÈÕ ß ª ⫪ Ë µâπ Ë à π (10 5 CFU/ml) π ª à È ß π πµÿâõ È ß ÈÕ ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß»
5 121 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 ªìπ «24 Ë«ß À ß ºà π à È ß ÈÕ ª 24 Ë«ß â«õ À À «Ÿ Ÿ Èß ª ÈÕ Ë à À ÿ Ÿ ÕÕ â ß â«πè Ëπª Õ ÈÕ 2 Õ π Èπ Ÿ Èß â«øõ øµ ø øõ å (PBS) ª µ 400 µ π ÿ À ÿ ÈÕ Ë Õøî å ËÕ Ÿà Ë âπ Õß À ÿ π µà À ÿ Ÿ Ÿ ÕÕ Àà«ß Ë ÈÕ À (metal loop) π Èπ Õ ß 10 à π Èππ µà À ÿ Ë â È ß π π æ ÈÕπ ª à ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß â«õà πº π π«π Õß ÈÕ â Èß ÿà Õß ÿà «ÿ Õß È 3 Èßµ Õ ÈπµÕπ Õß Õ ƒ Ï π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å (Biofilm eradication assay) ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë â Õß Õøî å â«π À ÿ 24 À ÿ ßÕ â ßµâπ Ÿ π â π» π ÈπµÕππÈ À Èπ π Ÿ µ Àâ «â âπµà ßÊ π π Õ ß Õ À È ß ÈÕ π À «Àâ «â âπ Õß À Èπ π ªìπ 300, 200, 150, 100, 75, 37.5 µàõ µ µ ªìπ ÿà Õß ª ÿà «ÿ Ë Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ «â âπ âõ Ëß ªìπ ÿà «ÿ «ÿà «ÿ Ëß ªìπÕ À È ß ÈÕ À «æ ßÕ à ß «π Ë µ â ßµâπ à ß π À ÿ Ë ÈÕ â Õß ªìπ Õøî å â«πª Ë à π π ª à È ß πµÿâõ È ß ÈÕ ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß À ß ºà π à È ß ÈÕ ª 24 Ë«ß â«â«à øõ øµ ø øõ å (PBS) ª µ 400 µ π ÿ À ÿ ÈÕ Ë Õ øî å ËÕ Ÿà âπ Õß À ÿ π µà À ÿ Ÿ Ÿ ÕÕ Àà«ß Ë ÈÕ À π Èπ Õ ß 10 à π Èππ µà À ÿ Ë â È ß π π æ ÈÕπ ª à ËÕÿ À Ÿ 37 Õß» ªìπ «24 Ë«ß â«õà πº π π«π Õß ÈÕ Ë â Èß ÿà Õß ÿà «ÿ Õß È 3 Èßµ Õ ÈπµÕπ Õß ª º ß µ ««Õß ÈÕµàÕ À Èπ π Õ â«π â«à Ë ± à Ë ß π µ π ƒ Ï µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ Õ øî åõ â«à MIC MBC «π Èß Õøî å «π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë ªìπ Õøî å â«ß â«à Ë âõ Õß π«π ÈÕ ª À«à ß ÿà «ÿ ÿà Õß â µ «ª ª «π ß «(One-way ANOVA) Post Hoc Tests (Tukey HSD) π «Àå «µ µ ß ß µ â ª SPSS version 17.0 π «Àå Àπ π ß µ πâõ «à 0.05 (P <0.05) º Õß Õ ««(Susceptibility test) Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis µàõ À Èπ π æ ËÕ» ƒ Ï ÈÕßµâπ Õß À Èπ πµàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis â««diffusion method æ «à À Èπ π Ë «â âπ Ë Õ ÈßÀ à ß à π Èß àπ «æ Õ π Õ Ëß ªìπ ÿà «ÿ π Ë Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ Ëß ªìπ ÿà «ÿ «ß à π Èß à Ë à ± 0.75 µ (µ ß Ë 1) ± Õ ƒ ϵâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ (Antimicrobial activity test) â««broth dilution method æ ËÕÀ à «â âπµë ÿ Ë Èß ÈÕ â (MIC) «â âπµë ÿ à ÈÕ â (MBC) Õß À Èπ π µàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ ª ÿà «ÿ æ «à À Èπ π à MIC à 25 µàõ µ à MBC à 50 µàõ µ µ π Ë æ Õ π Õ Ëß ªìπ ÿà «ÿ à MIC à 300 µàõ µ à MBC à 600 µàõ µ µ Õ å Œ π Ÿ- πµ (0.2 % w/v) Ëß ªìπ ÿà «ÿ «à MIC
6 122 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 µ ß Ë 1 ß à Ë Õß à π Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis Õß À Èπ π Ë «â âπ µà ßÊ ª à Ë Õß à π Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis Õß æ Õ π Õ Ë «â âπ âõ 60 ª ª µ (60% w/v) Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ «Ë «â âπ âõ 0.2 ª ª µ (0.2% w/v) Table 1 The average of inhibition zone of Curcuma longa Linn. crude extract compared to those of polyethelene glycol (60% w/v) and chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2% w/v) Testes Substrates Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract (500 mg/ml) Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract (300 mg/ml) Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract (200 mg/ml) Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract (100 mg/ml) average inhibition zone (mean±sd) (mm.) Polyethelene glycol (60% w/v) 0 Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2% w/v) ±0.75 à µàõ µ à MBC à µàõ µ µ (µ ß Ë 2) Õ ƒ Ï π Èß ªìπ - Õøî å Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis (E. faecalis biofilm formation inhibitory effect) æ «à À Èπ π Ë «â âπ 300 µàõ µ Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ «â âπ âõ ª ª µ (0.2 % w/v % w/v) Èß ªìπ Õøî å Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis â ÈßÀ π Ë À Èπ π «â âπ µàõ µ Èß â ß à«π æ «à ß π«π Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å â â ß µ ËÕ ª ÿà «ÿ «Õ å Œ π Ÿ µ ß Ë 2 ß à «â âπµë ÿ π Èß à ÈÕ E. faecalis Õß À Èπ π ª º ÿà «ÿ æ Õ π Õ ÿà «ÿ «Õ å Œ π πµ «â âπ âõ 0.2 ª ª µ (0.2% w/v) Table 2 The MIC and MBC of Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extractand compared to those of Polyethelene glycol (60%) and Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2%) on E. faecalis ATCC Test agents Curcumin longa Linn. Crude extract Antimicrobial activity MIC (mg/ml) MBC (mg/ml) Polyethelene glycol Chlorhexidine gluconate (0.2% w/v) πµ Ëß ªìπ ÿà «ÿ «æ «à «µ µà ßÕ à ß π ß µ (p < 0.05) ( Ÿª Ë 1) Õ «π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å (E. faecalis ( biofilm eradication ability) æ «à À Èπ πõõ ƒ ϵâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë π Õß Õøî å â«â àπ «Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ «â âπµë ÿ Ë Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis (MIC) Ë Õøî å â«â à à 37.5 µàõ µ µàõ à ß Áµ ËÕ ª ª æ Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ Ë «â âπ âõ ª ª µ (0.2%w/v 0.12% w/v) Áæ «à «µ µà ßÕ à ß π ß µ (p < 0.05) Õπ Ëß Õßπ È àæ «à Èß À Èπ π Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ «â âπ Ë â Õ ß à «â âπµë ÿ π ÈÕ Ë Õøî å â ÈßÀ (Minimal biofilm eradication concentration; MBEC) ( Ÿª Ë 2)
7 123 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 Ÿª Ë 1 ø ß âõ Õß π«π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë «µõ Ÿà ªìπ Õøî å â À ß Õ â«à Èπ π Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ Ë «â âπµà ßÊ π Õß À ÿ 24 µ µõ å æ ªìπ «24 Ë«ß (* ß «µ µà ß π Õ à ß π ß µ À«à ß ÿà Õ Õ Œ π Ÿ πµ Ë P< 0.05) Figure 1 Graph showed the percentage of viable developmental E. faecalis biofilm after tested with Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract and Chlorhexidine gluconate at varied concentrations in 24-microtiters plate for 24 hours. (*represented as statistical difference comparing between tested groups and chlorhexidine groups, P< 0.05) Ÿª Ë 2 ø ß âõ Õß π«π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë ªìπ Õøî å â«ë â Õß À ÿ 24 µ µõ å æ Ë Õ «µà ß Õ â«à Èπ π Õ å Œ - π Ÿ πµ Ë «â âπµà ßÊ ªìπ «24 Ë«ß (* ß «µ µà ß πõ à ß π ß µ À«à ß ÿà Õ Õ Œ - π Ÿ πµ Ë P< 0.05) Figure 2 Graph showed the percentage of survival established E. faecalis biofilm numbers derived from 24-microtiters plate after tested with Curcuma longa Linn. Crude extract and Chlorhexidine gluconate at varied concentrations for 24 hours. (*represented as statistical difference comparing between tested groups and chlorhexidine groups, P< 0.05) Õ ª º Õß» π È ªìπ» ÈÕ E. faecalis Èß Õ Õøî å æ «à À Èπ π ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Õ Õ «broth dilution assay à MIC MBC à µàõ µ µ» Èßπ ªìπ π æ Õ π Õ ªìπµ «Õß À Èπ π π ËÕß Èπ π à ππè â(19,29) Èπ π π æ Õ π Õ â» π È ªìπ Ë «Àπ àõπ â ß Ÿß Àâ ºà π ºàπ å æ à Õß ºà π π π æ È ß ÈÕ ªìπ ª â ßπ Èπ ߺ Õß Èπ π ß Ÿ â«àµÿº ß à «ß à ÀÁπ π Èß Èπ Õ Ë «â âπ Ê «Èß π æ Õ π Õ â«µ Õ à ß Á Èπ π ß ßƒ ϵâ π ÈÕ E.faecalis â» â««broth dilution method ß π «À» Ë Àâ Àµÿº Õß â«broth dilution method π ߃ ϵâ π ÈÕ π ËÕß Àµÿº Õß âõ Õßµ ««π æ àºà π Õß ß à ««disc (23,24,26,27,28) diffusion Ë«ª â π» ÈÕßµâπ ß π«π Èπ æ Õ π Õ Ë ß π â «â ß «ß πõÿµ À º µ ËÕß Õ ß Õ À «ª Õ Ÿß (29,33,34)
8 124 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013» Èßπ Èæ «à à º µàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis ËÕ â «â âπ ËπâÕ «à âõ 35 ª ª µ π ËÕß Àµÿº ˵âÕß æ π µàõ ª π º µ º µ- ±å ß πµ æ øµ ËÀ ß π«â π» ƒ Ï Õß ÿπ æ µàõ π µà ßÊ π È𠫪ìπæ µàõ å à ß àߺ µàõ à À â πª Ë Ÿß àπ π (34,35) πõ π Èπ â«ß π«à ÿ ß ß Àâ ÀÁπ º Õß æ Õ π Õ µàõ ƒ Ï µâ π ÈÕ Õß Èπ π ËÕ Õ ß (34) º» Èßπ È Õ âõß º» À» Ë ß Àâ ÀÁπ«à Àßâ Èπ π Ë ƒ Ï µâ π ÈÕ ÿ æ â(11,12,13,14,15,16,17,36,37) à MIC Ë ß ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ Õß À Èπ π ßæ «µ µà ß π Èπ À àß Ë Õß Èπ π «Õß Èπ π (36,37,38) µàõ à ß Áµ» ß à «â ªìπµ «Ëßµà ß ß π «Èßπ È À àß Ë Õß Èπ π «µ µà ß π (37,38) ËÕ ª à MIC MBC Õß À Èπ π Õ Œ π Ÿ πµ Ë ªìπ ÿà «ÿ «à à µàõ µ µ æ «à ß ª æ Ë à à Õ Œ π Ÿ πµ π ËÕß µâõß â À «â âπ Ë Ÿß «à Õ Œ π Ÿ πµà à ß ÈßÀ Õ à ÈÕ â º» π È Ëß Õ âõß» àõπàπâ π Èæ «à À Èπ π ƒ Ïµâ π ÈÕ Streptococcus sanguinis (S. sanguinis) â à MIC MBC Ë µàõ µ µ Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ à MIC MBC Õ Ÿà Ë µàõ µ µ Ëßæ «à À Èπ π ƒ Ïµâ π ÈÕ S. sanguinis πâõ «à Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ àπ π (18) à MIC MBC Õß À Èπ π Õ å- Œ π Ÿ πµµàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis à Ÿß «à ÈÕ S. sanguinis ß Àâ ÀÁπ«à ÈÕ E. faecalis «ÈÕ µàõ «à ÈÕ S. sanguinis Ëß Õ âõß» àõπàπâ π È Ë ß π ÈÕ ÿà Enterococcus ÿ µ ÈÕ µâ π ÈÕ À π æ ÿà cephalosporins à MIC µàõ penicillin Ÿß «à ÈÕ Streptococci ß à (5) æ «à ÈÕ E. faecalis Õ µ Õ «µ Ÿß «à ÈÕ π Õ Ëπ π â(39) º» π Èæ «à À Èπ π Ë «â âπ à 300 µàõ µ ƒ Ï π Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis à Àâ ªìπ Õøî å â ÈßÀ â àπ «Õ å Œ π Ÿ- πµ ß Àâ ÀÁπ«à À Èπ π Èß ªìπ Õøî å â àπ «Õ Œ π Ÿ πµ ( Ÿª Ë 1) À Õ ƒ Ï Õß À Èπ π ˵â π ÈÕ E. faecalis Õøî å â«π Èπ æ «à π«π - Ë ªìπ Õøî å â«â à «MIC à 37.5 µàõ µ ( Ÿª Ë 2) µ π ËÕß» π È â «â âπ Ÿß ÿ π Õß ªìπ 300 µàõ µ ß à ß à «â âπµë ÿ π ÈÕ ÈßÀ (Minimal biofilm eradication concentration, MBEC) â àπ «π Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ Ë «â âπ âõ 0.2 ª ª µ ß ß ª ÈÕ Ë µàõ âà ß º Õ ªìπ «24 Ë«ß π Èß 2 ÿà Õ À æ Ë ª «â âπ Õß Õ Õ ßº ÈÕ ÈßÀ â µàõ à ß Á ª æ Õß Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµ Á ß «à π ËÕß ª ÈÕ À ÕπâÕ «à º» ËÕ ª â ßµâπ ß Àâ ÀÁπ«à µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å â«π Èπ ⪠«âπ âπ Õß Èπ π Ÿß «à Èß ÈÕ E.faecalis Ëæ π ª ªìπ Õøî å Ëß Õ âõß» à ß (Alpinia conchigera Griff.) Ë ß à MIC MBC µàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õøî å â«à µàõ µ µ Ëß ªìπ 2.5 à Õß à MBC Õß ÈÕ Ë Õ (27) Õ Õ â«à µ µ Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis ªìπ Õøî å Àâ «π ºà π Õß â ª π ÈÕ πâõ ß Õ µ Õ
9 125 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 µ µ Õß ÈÕ Õøî å µë «à ª µ Àâ ÕÕ ƒ Ï Õß ßÕ â«(25,26,27,28)» ˺à π à«π À à ªìπ» ÈÕ - Ë Õ µà π «π àõߪ π Èπ - Õ ŸàÕ» π Õøî å À π Õ» à«π º «øíπ øíπ π ÈÕ ËÕ ÿº «π àõߪ (23,27) ªìπµâπ «Èß π àõ π ÈÕøíπ àπ π Õß øíπ (1,32) Õ Ÿà à«π Õøî åπ È Àâ ÈÕ «µâ π πµàõ À Õ µâ π ÈÕ Èπ (1,6,7,8) ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õß Õøî å π» Èßπ È â«à ß à â ß «ß π àõߪ µàº» Á ß Àâ ÀÁπ«à «π µâ π Èß À Õ à ÈÕ Õß À Èπ π Õ Œ π Ÿ Õ πµ â «à Ë Õ Ëߺ â» ÈÕßµâππ Èπà 𠪪 π À Õ º µ- ±å Ë âµàõ ª â â ß «à º» Õ (23,24,27) ªìπ Ë π«à Õ Œ π Ÿ πµπ Èπ ÕÕ ƒ Ï Ëºπ ß å Õß Àâ å µ Ë«À Õß π Àâ µ π Ë ÿ (40,41) µà π ËÕß µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õß Õøî å Õß À Èπ π ªìπ» Èß Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë ªìπ Õøî å ß ß à Õ â ππ πõâ ßÕ ß» ˺à π ß Èß ÈÕ àπ E. coli B. subtilis ÿ Ï Èπ π º ß â ß ËÕÀÿâ å Õß µ ßµ Àπàß π FTHZ àß º Àâ ß à «µ π ËÕß Ë«À π å Ëß À Èπ π» Èßπ È ÁÕ º ˵ Àπàß ß â ß «π (42) àπ «ß à «Á ªìπ â º» «àπ S. aureus æ «à ÿπ æ Alpinia galanga Linn. º µàõ ß â ß Õß ËÕÀÿâ å àπ π (43)» ÈÕ H. pyroli Ëß ªìπ ËÕ Ÿà π â àπ «E. faecalis æ «à Èπ π àߺ µàõ ß Õß Õøî å Õß ÈÕ H. pyroli àπ «π µà» Èßπ È ªìπ» âõ Õøî å â«cystal violet «à Ÿ π ß à â«âõß ÿ»πåõ Á µ Õπ àõß (44) Ëß µ µà ß» ÕߺŸâ«Ëß» «µ Õ Õß π Õß Õøî å ( À ÿ 24 À ÿ ) ºŸâ«H. pyroli Õ Àµÿº Õß ß Õøî å «à «π ºπ ß å Õß Õß Èπ π Ëß ßº» â«âõß ÿ»πå Õ Á µ Õπ àõß Ëº «å(44) πõ π Èπ Àµÿº Õ Ëπ ËæÕ Õ â à Èπ πõ º µàõªí Ë àß ªìπ Õøî å Õß E. faecalis àπ Õπ å µ π (gelatinase enzyme) (45) ª µ π ˺ «å enterococcal surface protein (esp) (46) Ëß ßµâÕß» æ Ë µ µàõ ª ªìπ Ë π «à Õ Œ π Ÿ Õ πµ Ëπ â ªìππÈ â«π ª â ß π Õß øíπ ª æ π Èß à ÈÕ µà ßÊ π àõߪ âà π (1,6,7,31,32) µà Õ Œ π Ÿ Õ πµ Á º â ß ß àπ µ Ëπ Ë àπà æ ßæÕ ß à» º â ß ß «ª Õ π «(31,32,41) Èπ π Ëß ªìπ ÿπ æ æ Èπ â π À â ßà Ÿ ªìπ µ Ë º â ß ßπâÕ âõ ß æ åà ª (8,11,12,30) πà ªìπÕ ß Õ Àπ Ëß π π æ π ß πµ- µàõ ªÕπ µ Õ π â à«πº Õß Õß øíπ À Õ â ß Õß øíπ ªìπµâπ ÿªº ÈÕßπ È â ß Àâ ÀÁπ«à À Èπ π ƒ Ï π µâ π ÈÕ E. faecalis Èß Õ Õøî å â à MIC MBC ËÕ Õ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ à µàõ µ µ Èß ª ªìπ Õøî å Õß ÈÕ E. faecalis â ÈßÀ Ë «â âπ 300 µàõ µ à MIC Ë Èß ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë ªìπ Õøî å â«â à 37.5
10 126 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December 2013 µàõ µ ËÕ ª ª æ À«à ß À Èπ π Õ å Œ π Ÿ πµµàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Õ Õøî å æ «à À Èπ π ƒ ÏπâÕ «à Õ å- Œ π Ÿ πµ µâ π ÈÕ Ë Õøî å â πâõ «à Ë Õ ª 1.5 à º» π È ªìπ âõ Ÿ æ Èπ π Ë Àâ «â âπ Õß À Õß Èπ π Ë º µàõ ÈÕ E. faecalis Ë Èß Õß Ëßπà âπ ªæ π» æ Ë µ æ ËÕ π æ π µàõ Õ «Ÿâ æ ËÕπ æ π º µ ±å Ë â π ß πµ µàõ ª µµ ª» ºŸâ«Õ Õ æ ÿ À «π»«πµ æ» µ å À «π»«ë Àâ π πÿπ ß π ÿπ π «Èßπ È Õ Õâ ßÕ ß 1. Baca P, Junco P, Arias-Moliz MT, Gonzlez- Rodrguez MP, Ferrer-Luque CM. Residual and antimicrobial activity of final irrigation protocols on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm in dentin. J Endod d 2011; 37: Ito HO. Infective endocarditis and dental procedures: evidence, pathogenesis, and prevention. J Med Invest 2006; 53: Cunha BA, Mickail N, Eisenstein L. E. faecalis vancomycin-sensitive enterococcal bacteremia unresponsive to a vancomycin tolerant strain successfully treated with high-dose daptomycin. Heart Lung 2007; 36: Distel JW, Hatton JF, Gillespie MJ. Biofilm formation in medicated rootcanals. J Endod 2002; 28: Marothi YA, Agnihotri H, Dubey D. Enterococcal resistance - An overview. Indian J Med Microbiol 2005; 23: Siqueira JF Jr, de Uzeda M. Disinfection by calcium hydroxide pastes of dentinal tubules infected with two obligate and one facultative anaerobic bacteria. J Endod 1996; 22: Orstavik D, Haapasalo M. Disinfection by endodontic irrigants and dressings of experimentally infected dentinal tubules. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6: Supanpan P, Wuttipanchai W, Nimrat S. Efficiency of some commercial herb extracts and fresh herb extracts on inhibition of Staphylococcus aureus growth. Toxicology 2010; 25: (in Thai) Thai J 9. Vaijayanthimala J, Anandi C, Udhaya V, Pugalendi KV. Anticandidal activity of certain south indian medicinal plants. Phytother Res 2000; 14: Mahady GB, Pendland SL, Stoia A, Hamill FA, Fabricant D, Dietz BM, Chadwick LR. In vitro susceptibility of Helicobacter pylori to botanical extracts used traditionally for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Phytother Res 2005; 19: Saleem M, Nazir M, Ali MS, Hussain H, Lee YS, Riaz N, et al. Antimicrobial natural products: an update on future antibiotic drug candidates. Nat Prod Rep 2010; 27: Epstein J, Sanderson IR, Macdonald TT. Curcumin as a therapeutic agent: the evidence from in vitro, animal and human studies. Br J Nutr 2010; 103: Farnsworth NR, Bunyapraphatsara N. Thai medicinal plants (recommended d for primary health care system), 1st ed. Prachachon Press Bangkok. Thailand 1992:
11 127 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December Wongseri V, Siripong P. Antibacterial activity of curcuminoid compounds from Curcuma Zedoaria Roscoe rhizome. J Thai Cancer 1995; 21: Lee KH, Kim BS, Keum KS, Yu HH, Kim YH, Chang BS, Ra JY, et al. Essential oil of Curcuma longa inhibits Streptococcus mutans biofilm formation. J Food Sci 2011; 76: Song J, Choi B, Jin EJ, Yoon Y, Choi KH. Curcumin suppresses Streptococcus mutans adherence to human tooth surfaces and extracellular matrix proteins. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2012; 31: Hwang JK, Shim JS, Pyun YR. Antibacterial activity of xanthorrhizol from Curcuma xanthorrhiza against oral pathogens. Fitoterapia 2000; 71: Apisariyakul A, Vanittanakom N, Buddhasukh D. Antifungal activity of turmeric oil extracted from Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae). J Ethnophamacol 1995; 49: Cikrikci S, Mozioglu E, Yilmaz H. Biological activity of curcuminoids isolated from Curcuma longa. Rec Nat Prod 2008; 2: Shankar TN, Shantha NV, Ramesh HP, Murthy IA, Murthy VS. Toxicity studies on turmeric (Curcuma longa): acute toxicity studies in rats, guineapigs and monkeys. Indian J Exp Biol 1980; 18: Balaei-Gajan E, Shirmohammadi A, Abashov R, Agazadeh M, Faramarzie M. Detection of enterococcus faecalis in subgingival biofilm of patients with chronic refractory periodontitis. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2010; 15: Sun J, Sundsfjord A, Song X. Enterococcus faecalis from patients with chronic periodontitis: virulence and antimicrobial resistance traits and determinants. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 31: Cardoso SN, Cavalcante TT, Arajo AX, dos Santos HS, Albuquerque MR, Bandeira PN, da Cunha RM, Cavada BS, Teixeira EH. Antimicrobial and antibiofilm action of Casbane Diterpene from Croton nepetaefolius against oral bacteria. Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57: Chusri S, Sompetch K, Mukdee S, Jansrisewangwong S, Srichai T, Maneenoon K, LimsuwanS, et al. Inhibition of Staphylococcus epidermidis biofilm formation by traditional thai herbal recipes used for wound treatment. Evidence-Based and Compl Alt Med 2012; 2012: Parsek MR, Singh PK. Bacterial biofilms: An emerging link to disease pathogenesis. Annu Rev Microbiol 2003; 57: Na HS, Cha MH, Oh DR, Cho CW, Rhee JH, Kim YR. Protective mechanism of curcumin against Vibrio vulnificus infection. Immunol Med Microbiol 2011; 63: Janreung S, Alai S, Srilakorn W,Pengkumsri N. Antimicrobial effect of Alpinia Conchigera rhizome extracts on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms. Thai Pharm Health Sci J 2010; 5: (in Thai) 28. Rukayadi Y, Han S, Yong D, Hwang JK. In vitro antibacterial activity of panduratin A against enterococci clinical isolates. Biol Pharm Bull l 2010; 3:
12 128 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December Piyawong S, Mesad S, Buakum P, Pruankum P, Haohan T, Suwannakul S. Antimicrobial activity against Streptoocccus sanuguinis of Curcuma longa Linn. crude extract. Thailand J Health Promot and Environment Health 2013; 36: (in Thai) 30. Rastogi P, Anand V, Gulati M, Lal N, Dixit J, Singhal R. A review of curcumin in reference to its use in oral diseases. AAM 2012; 1: Suhag A, Dixit J, Dhan P: Role of curcumin as a subgingival irrigant: a pilot study. Perio 2007; 4: Vinothkumar TS, Rubin MI, Balaji L, Kandaswamy D. In vitro evaluation of five different herbal extracts as an antimicrobial endodontic irrigant using real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. J Conserv Dent 2013; 16: Henning T. Polyethylene glycols (PEGs) and the pharmaceutical industry. Fine, Specialty and Performance chemicals 2002; 1: Haukvik T, Bruzell E, Kristensen S, Tønnesen HH. Photokilling of bacteria by curcumin in selected polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG 400) preparations. Studies on curcumin and curcuminoids, XLI. Pharmazie 2010; 65: Da Violante G, Zerrouk N, Richard I, Provot G, Chaumeil JC, Arnaud P. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity effect of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) on Caco2/TC7 colon tumor cell cultures. Biol Pharm Bull l 2002; 25: Essawi T, Srour M. Screening of some palestinian medicinal plants for antibacterial activity. J Ethnopharmacol 2000; 70: Gul N, Mujahid TY, Jehan N, Ahmad S. Studies on the antibacterial effect of different fractions of Curcuma longa against unrinary tract isolates. Pakistan J Bio Sci 2004; 7: Mehvish S, Betty D, Murli K. Antimicrobial activity of three different rhizomes of Curcuma longa and Curcuma aromatica on uropathogens of diabetic patients. Int J Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sci 2011; 3: Jazayeri S, Mustafa S, Manap MY, Ali AM, Ismail A, Faujan, NH, Shaari, MY. Survival of bifidobacteria and other selected intestinal bacteria in TPY medium supplemented with curcumin as assessed in vitro. Int J Probiotics Prebiotics 2009; 4: Maillard JY. Bacterial target sites for biocide action. J Appl Microbiol 2002; 92 Suppl: 16S- 27S. 41. Gomes BP, Ferraz CC, Vianna ME, Berber VB, Teixeira FB, Souza-Filho FJ. In vitro antimicrobial activity of several concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine gluconate in the elimination of Enterococcus faecalis. Int Endod J 2001; 34: Kaur S, Modi NH, Panda D, Roy N. Probing the binding site of curcumin in Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis FtsZ--a structural insight to unveil antibacterial activity of curcumin. Eur J Med Chem. 2010; 45: Oonmetta-aree J, Suzuki T, Gasaluck P, Eumkeb G Antimicrobial properties and action of galangal (Alpinia galanga Linn.) on Staphylococcus aureus. LWT 2006; 39:
13 129 CM Dent J Vol. 34 No. 2 July-December Pattiyathanee P, Vilaichone RK, Chaichanawongsaroj N. Effect of curcumin on Helicobacter pylori biofilm formation. Biotechnol 2009; 8: Afr J 45. Wang L, Dong M, Zheng J, Song Q, Yin W, Li J, Niu W. Relationship of biofilm formation and gele gene expressionin Enterococcus faecalis recovered from root canals in patients requiring endodontic retreatment. J Endod 2011; 37: Di Rosa R, Creti R, Venditti M, D Amelio R, Arciola CR, Montanaro L, Baldassarri L. Relationship between biofilm formation, the enterococcal surface protein (Esp) and gelatinase in clinical isolates of Enterococcus faecalis and Enterococcus faecium. FEMS Microbiol Lett t 2006; 256: 145ñ150.
«ÿ Õß â πºÿâªé«à«π π Ë 2 π π À«π ßæ æ ß π æ ÿ æ ÿà ß π «ªØ μ Õ «ÿ π ßæ æ ß π Õ.æ ß π. π
The Prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetic Patients π æπ åμâπ Original Article π π À«π ßæ æ ß π ÿà ß π «ªØ μ Õ «ÿ π ßæ æ ß π Õ.æ ß π. π The Prevalence of Depression among Type 2 Diabetic Patients
More informationμ π«ß ÿμ Ÿ πºÿâªé«ÿà Õ À Õ Õ À «æ π
S68 ßæ (ª» ) π æπ åμâπ : ß â μ π«ß ÿμ Ÿ πºÿâªé«ÿà Õ À Õ Õ À «æ π The Rationale to Guideline of Treatment for Secondary Prevention in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes π «ÿ Õ æ æå,..*; πμ ÿ Ÿ å, Pharm.D.,
More informationâà«à à æ π åÿ À à 2009 π Á Ë â π ßæ À
27 âà«à à æ π åÿ À à 2009 π Á Ë â π ßæ À π ÀÕ À«æ.. ÿà ß π ÿ «ßæ À π æπ åμâπ Abstract Hospitalized Pediatric Patients with Influenza A (H1N1) in Mahasarakham Hospital Homhuan C. Departmont of Pediatric,
More informationμâπ ÿπ-ª º Õß â Ë Õ tenecteplase (TNK) ª streptokinase (SK) π À Õ Õ À «π ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI)
173 π æπ åμâπ μâπ ÿπ-ª º Õß â Ë Õ tenecteplase (TNK) ª streptokinase (SK) π À Õ Õ À «π ST-elevated myocardial infarction (STEMI) Õ Ï» ÿ μ æ.., «..*, ÿ ß à ß æ..**, æ à μ æ..**, ÿ«μ Èß«æ æß»å æ..**, ß Œß»
More information«πμ æ» μ å À ªï Ë Û Ë Ú æ..-.. ÚııÛ Volume 30 Number 2 May-Aug Contents «Original article
Antimicrobial activity of Thai medicinal plants (Murraya paniculata, Azadirachta indica var. Siamensis, Chromolaena odorata) against periodontopathic bacteria Shear bond strengths of Co-Cr alloys luted
More informationnewsletters æ åº «Àπ ß Ààߪ» π π»π ªï Ë 15 Ë 1 Æ 2552 μ «à ßÕ Àâ πõ æ Ë ÈπÕ ß ËÕπ μ π ª ß 31 μÿ 2552 vote àß ß â à æ π Àπâ π
π π»π...1 Journal Watch...2 π π μ Õ æ À à...5 Àπ ª ÿ «ª ªï 2552-2553...6 ª «æ Õ ß«πß πª ÿ À à 52...7 newsletters ªï Ë 15 Ë 1 Æ 2552 æ åº «Àπ ß Ààߪ» «à æ åº «Àπ ß Ààߪ» «ºà π ªÕ à ß «Á«μÕππ È Áºà π ª π
More informationSiriraj Cancer Center
π«áß» Siriraj Cancer Center 2543-2544 Õ.πæ. æ πå π µπå Õß 2545-2546».πæ. æ ÿ«õß 1 µ.. 2546 - ªí ÿ π Õß».πæ.» º «ß»å».æ. «æ æ ÿ«π ß π Õ æ µ Èπ 13 ÀâÕß 1321» æ å 0-2419-7000 µàõ 4471-2, 0-2412-1360 0-2412-9169
More informationAlpha Research - TCELS - Thailand Health Data. 8.1 Top five causes of death - whole kingdom
Alpha Research - TCELS - Thailand Health Data 65 8. Cause of death no. of deaths 30,000 25,000 20,000 15,000 16,394 10,000 5,000 0 Septicaemia Cerebrovascular diseases Pneumonia Ischaemic heart diseases
More informationCatheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection
Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infection Somwang Danchaivijitr MD*, Chertsak Dhiraputra MD **, Rachada Cherdrungsi MSc***, Duangporn Jintanothaitavorn MSc***, Nitaya Srihapol RN*** *Department of Medicine,
More informationSurgical Techniques of Cataract Surgery and Subsequent Postoperative Endophthalmitis
Surgical Techniques of Cataract Surgery and Subsequent Postoperative Endophthalmitis Adisak Trinavarat MD*, La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul MD* * Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital,
More informationƒ Ï Õß πµàõ ËÕπ Ë Õß åà Õ Õ å Áß àõπè æ» À à 1*,» 2, À «π«ß»å3 1
π æπ åµâπ Original Article ƒ Ï Õß πµàõ ËÕπ Ë Õß åà Õ Õ å Áß àõπè æ» À à 1*,» 2, À «π«ß»å3 1 ««, 2 «æ «, 3 «ÿ ««, æ» µ å À «Õπ àπ 40002 Effect of Mallotus repandus on Vascular Endothelial and Cholangiocarcinoma
More informationß πºÿâªé«: «â π ÈÕÀ «º ª µ À«à ßµ Èß å À ÕÀ ß Õ A case report : Peripartum cardiomy opathy
«ß πºÿâªé«: «â π ÈÕÀ «º ª µ À«à ßµ Èß å À ÕÀ ß Õ A case report : Peripartum cardiomy opathy Õ ÈÕæß»å ªæπ * Uaepong Limpapasit* àõ «â π ÈÕÀ «º ª µ À«à ßµ Èß åà ÕÀ ß Õ Peripartum cardiomyopathy ªìπ «Ëæ â
More informationÕ µ à πµ æ.» æá Ëß πµ æ å π æ» π πµ ÿ Õπ
Õ µ à πµ æ.». 2557 À «æ â æá Ëß πµ æ å π æ» π πµ ÿ Õπ àõ» ßæ π π È ªìπ «Àåµâπ ÿπ πµ π ÿ Õß ÕߺŸâ Àâ Õ µ à πµ «æ â πõµàõ ß π π À«à ß Õπ π - ÿπ π 2557 ««âõ Ÿ ªïß ª 2556 π«π 3 ÿà ßæ ÿ π ß滟π å/ Ë«ª â à º
More informationValproate π Bipolar Disorders
«µ ÿª ß å æ ËÕ «π «Ë «â valproate π bipolar disorder πâπ ËÀ π âõ Ÿ µà ß Ê Ë π πÿπª æ Õß πµàõ â ªìπ «π «Ÿâ Ë «valproate π â πµà ßÊ â à ÕÕ ƒ Ï ª æ Õß À Õ àæ ߪ ß å º» ÕÕ ƒ ÏÀ Õ à ßµàÕ ª à«π ß ËßÕ Õ âõß ƒ
More informationKeowali Phumkeson* Silpakorn University
75 Stature Estimation and Sex Determination : An Evaluation of the Reliability of Phalange : Private Hospital Staff Case, Thailand Keowali Phumkeson* Silpakorn University àõ» Èßπ È «μ ÿª ß å æ ËÕ ÿ æ»
More informationSurvey of Refractive Errors among Buddhist Scripture, Dhamma-Bali and Regular School of Buddhist Novices in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area
Survey of Refractive Errors among Buddhist Scripture, Dhamma-Bali and Regular School of Buddhist Novices in the Bangkok Metropolitan Area Ubolrat Nanthavisit RN*, Jiraporn Sornchai RN*, Watanee Jenchitr
More informationPra Urusopone M.D. Radiologist at Department of Radiology, Lerdsin General Hospital
16 π æπ åμâπ Delineation of Optic Nerve by Its Relationship with the Posterior Eithmoid and Sphenoid Sinuses According to Delano Classification Using Computed Tomography in Lerdsin General Hospital Pra
More informationÁߪ Ÿ. «Ÿµ π æ å Ààߪ» «æ æ å Ààߪ» ß Áß«Ààߪ» Áßπ «Áß«Ààߪ» å«ààߪ» π Áß Ààß µ æ å Æ 2550
«Ÿµ π æ å Ààߪ» «æ æ å Ààߪ» ß Áß«Ààߪ» Áßπ «Áß«Ààߪ» å«ààߪ» π Áß Ààß µ æ å Æ 2550 ISBN 978-974-422-419-4 π æ æå ÿß æ «3/3 ÿ ÿ «49 «ß Õßµ π Àπ Õ µ«π ÿß æœ 10110» æ å 0-2662-4347 0-2258-7954 E-mail: bkkmed@gmail.com
More informationSurgical Outcomes in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment at Srinagarind Hospital
Surgical Outcomes in Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment at Srinagarind Hospital Yosanan Yospaiboon MD*, Thuss Sanguansak MD*, Tanapat Ratanapakorn MD*, Suthasinee Sinawat MD* * Department of Ophthalmology
More informationPsychiatric Disorders in Children at One Year after the Tsunami Disaster in Thailand
Psychiatric Disorders in Children at One Year after the Tsunami Disaster in Thailand Vinadda Piyasil MD*, Panom Ketumarn MD**, Ratanotai Prubrukarn MD*, Siripapa Pacharakaew MD***, Hattaya Dumrongphol
More informationValidity of the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale
31 Validity of the General Perceived Self-Efficacy Scale Vatinee Sukmak, RN., Ph.D. (Psychology)* Acharee Sirisoonthon, R.N. B.N.S** Prapapron Meena, R.N. M.S.N* Abstract Objective The present study was
More informationIn Vitro Susceptibility Pattern of Cephalosporin- Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria
In Vitro Susceptibility Pattern of Cephalosporin- Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria Warunee Punpanich MD*, Worraporn Tantichattanon MD**, Siriporn Wongwatcharapaiboon MD**, Vipa Treeratweeraphong BSc, MSc***
More informationFacilitated transport near the carrier saturation limit
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Anawat Sungpet 1, Songpol Wongirung 2, Veerapol Seearamroongruang 2, and Natcha Kamphangseree 2 Abstract Sungpet, A., Wongirung, S., Seearamroongruang, V., and Kamphangseree, N. Songklanakarin
More informationª ª ß π πµ æ å Ë ªìπ À Ÿ πµ ÿ æ Õßπ π Õ ÿ 6-12 ªï ⫵ 𠫪 π ß πµ ß
ª ª ß π πµ æ å Ë ªìπ À Ÿ πµ ÿ æ Õßπ π Õ ÿ 6-12 ªï ⫵ 𠫪 π ß πµ ß A comparison for Estimates of Dental Manpower Needs to Treat All Thai Schoolchildren aged 6 to 12 years old Using Two Approaches: Normative
More informationInfluence of Third Molars on the Availability of Interradicular Spaces for Miniscrew Implant Placement
Õ æ Õßøíπ Ë Ë µàõ π Õß àõß À«à ß øíπ À ªí À ÿ «π Á Influence of Third Molars on the Availability of Interradicular Spaces for Miniscrew Implant Placement «Original Article º ß µ 1, ÿ» «Ÿ Ÿ 2, Õ «å â Ÿ
More informationË 1 æ.» (æ æå Èß Ë 1) ISBN :
π«ß π È ªìπ ËÕß Õ àß ÿ æ Õß â π ÿ æ Ë À æ ß ËÕπ ß À«ßº π â ß â ªí À ÿ æ Õß π Õ à ß ª æ ÿâ à âõ π π µà ßÊ π π«ß π È à à âõ ß Õß ªØ µ ºŸâ â ªØ µ µ µà ß ª âõ π π â π Ë π å µ µà ßÕÕ ªÀ Õ Àµÿº Ë «â«ë ªìπ Ë
More informationThe Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Management in Srinagarind Hospital
The Efficacy and Safety of Intrathecal Morphine for Postoperative Pain Management in Srinagarind Hospital Panaratana Ratanasuwan Yimyaem M.D.,* Duenpen Horatanaruang M.D.,* Kanchana Uppan M.D.,* Wimonrat
More information..æ. π Õ ÿ «æ» µ åæ ß ÿæ â».æ. π «ÿ π π πå æ» µ å» æ πæ. å Õ Íß å ßæ ÿß Æ å. ß ÕÕ Õ πæ. µπå «µ ÿ«ÿ. ».πæ.π πæ ÿ. «µ ÿª ß å
Update in Acne 2».æ. æá æ «π æ» µ å..æ. π Õ ÿ «æ» µ åæ ß ÿæ â».æ. π «ÿ π π πå æ» µ å» æ πæ. å Õ Íß å ßæ ÿß Æ å «â Hormone».æ. æá æ «π æ» µ å Androgen Àâ sebu/m æ Ë Èπ æ π Èπ Androgen Á Àâ «Èπ Èß Àâ Anti-androgen
More informationº Õß Èß âπª à ß â«õ åµ π 4 ªÕ å Áπµåº Õ æ πø π 1:100,000 µàõ À «π À µ Õß π ÈÕ ËÕ π â«ëõß Õ Õ å Õª ª Õ
«Original Article º Õß Èß âπª à ß â«õ åµ π 4 ªÕ å Áπµåº Õ æ πø π 1:100,000 µàõ À «π À µ Õß π ÈÕ ËÕ π â«ëõß Õ Õ å Õª ª Õ Effects of Mandibular Nerve Block with 4% Articaine with Epinephrine 1:100,000 on
More informationDifference in the Yields of Bronchial Washing Cytology before and after Forceps Biopsy for Lung Cancer Diagnosis
Difference in the Yields of Bronchial Washing Cytology before and after Forceps Biopsy for Lung Cancer Diagnosis Suree Sompradeekul MD*, Usana Chinvetkitvanich MD*, Panthep Suthinon MD**, Sommit Wongbunnate
More informationfaecalis of erbium, chromium:
«πµ ÿã œ 2551;31:125-34 Original Article «Antibacterial effect on Enterococcus faecalis of erbium, chromium: yttrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser irradiation compared to two irrigating solutions in root
More informationBotulinum Toxin A in Surgically Overcorrected and Undercorrected Strabismus
Botulinum Toxin A in Surgically Overcorrected and Undercorrected Strabismus Sorot Wutthiphan MD* *Department of Ophthalmology, Priest Hospital, Bangkok Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness and safety
More informationThe use of crude extracts from traditional medicinal plants to eliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings
Short Communication The use of crude extracts from traditional medicinal plants to eliminate Trichodina sp. in tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings Chanagun Chitmanat 1, Kitiwan Tongdonmuan 2, and
More informationª «µ Õß µ µ å 𪻠ª «µ Õß µ µ å 𪻠æ Õÿ µπå æ. à Õ «µ æ å Ààߪ» 2551; 53( ºπ«1): 14S-21S «µ æ å Ààߪ»
ª «µ Õß µ µ å 𪻠ª «µ Õß µ µ å 𪻠æ Õÿ µπå æ. * æ Õÿ µπå æ. à Õ πªïæÿ» 2432 æ Á æ ÿ Õ â â Õ ŸàÀ «â ßæ ÿ ª â ª À àõ Àâ â ß ßæ π µ Èπ ªìπ Ààß πª» «ª Õß π Ωíòßµ «πµ Õß àπè â æ Ëß ªìπµ Õßæ æ â ªî π â µ Èß
More informationThe Removal of Colors in Non-carbonated Soft Drinks using Granular Activated Carbon for Coliform Bacteria Detection by Sanitary Indicator Medium
Journal of Public Health, January-April 2009 Vol. 39 No. 1 The Removal of Colors in Non-carbonated Soft Drinks using Granular Activated Carbon for Coliform Bacteria Detection by Sanitary Indicator Medium
More informationNormal Abdominal Aortic Diameter in the Southern Thai Population by Multidetector Computed Tomography
102 «æ å ªï Ë 39 Ë 2 π- ÿπ π 2557 π æπ åμâπ Normal Abdominal Aortic Diameter in the Southern Thai Population by Multidetector Computed Tomography Bootpheaw T Department of Radiology, Krabi General Hospital
More informationStudy on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of turmeric clear liquid soap for wound treatment of HIV patients
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Study on antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of for wound treatment of HIV patients Suwipa Ungphaiboon 1, Tanomjit Supavita 2, Pechnoi Singchangchai 3, Supreedee Sungkarak 4, Pranee
More informationThongsong B. et al./tjvm 38(1): Original Articles. Boonrit Thongsong 1* Sarinee Kalandakanond-Thongsong 2 Vivat Chavananikul 1.
Thongsong B. et al./tjvm 38(1): 17-26. 17 Original Articles Effects of the Addition of Probiotic Containing both Bacteria and Yeast or an Antibiotic on Performance Parameters, Mortality Rate and Antibiotic
More informationThe use of herbal medicine as an alternative antimicrobial in the feed of post-weaning piglets: A field trial
Research Articles The use of herbal medicine as an alternative antimicrobial in the feed of post-weaning piglets: A field trial Padet Tummaruk 1* Rachod Tantilertcharoen 2 Nuvee Prapasarakul 3 1 Department
More informationAbstract. The purposes of this descriptive research were to study brain organicity in amphetamine
The Study of Organic Brain in Amphetamine Dependence by Using the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Third-Edition Vichien Sriputhon* and Sucheera Phatthrayuttawat** Abstract Objective: Method: Results:
More informationÀ «À πµ æ» µ å MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY MAHIDOL DENTAL JOURNAL. ªï Ë Ú Ë Ò æ.». ÚııÒ Vol. 28 No. 1 Jan. - Apr.
MAHIDOL DENTAL JOURNAL ªï Ë Ú Ë Ò.. -.. æ.». ÚııÒ Vol. 28 No. 1 Jan. - Apr. 2008 À «À πµ æ» µ å MAHIDOL UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF DENTISTRY ISSN 0125-5614 «à«πª Õ µ ß æ ÕßæÕ å π 3 π Ë â π ß πµ»ÿæÿ ß π π µÿ
More informationë À Ÿµ «à« ß πª ªï 2552
122 ± µ«à «Õπ àπ» À Ÿµ «à«à «Õπ àπ â Àπ æ π Àâ ± µ«ª Àπ Ëß Õ À Ÿµ «à«ªìπà Ÿµ Ë π π ß«Àå æ ËÕ Àπ Õ À Ÿµ Ë ªìπ «µâõß Õßµ π π æ ËÕ π πÿπ Àâ «à«õ π À«à ß «æ ËÕæ π» À Ÿµ «à«à Õ «ß ± µ» æ π Ÿª À À Ÿµ à«ë ª æ
More informationRaised Chondroitin Sulphate (WF6 epitope) Levels around Maxillary Molars and Miniscrew Implants during Orthodontic Molar Intrusion
Õπ Õ µ π øµ (WF6 Õæ ª) Ë æ Ë Èπ Õ øíπ π «ÿωíß «π Á À«à ß π øíπ π â â øíπ ß πµ øíπ Raised Chondroitin Sulphate (WF6 epitope) Levels around Maxillary Molars and Miniscrew Implants during Orthodontic Molar
More informationPathology of heart, lung, liver and kidney in broilers under chronic heat stress
SHORT COMMUNICATION Pathology of heart, lung, liver and kidney in broilers under chronic heat stress Worapol Aengwanich 1 and Suchint Simaraks 2 Abstract Pathology of heart, lung, liver and kidney in broilers
More informationResult of Standard Patch Test in Patients Suspected of Having Allergic Contact Dermatitis
Result of Standard Patch Test in Patients Suspected of Having Allergic Contact Dermatitis Jongkonnee Wongpiyabovorn MD, PhD*, Porntip Puvabanditsin MD** * Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine,
More informationAcute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Ramathibodi Hospital: Risks and Prognostic Factors
«««ßÕ ««ƒμ Thai Journal of Tuberculosis Chest Diseases and Critical Care π æπ åμâπ Original Article Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) in Ramathibodi Hospital: Risks and Prognostic Factors Kittima
More informationAbstract. Assistant Professor, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Khon Kaen University.
403 π µ øï Õß À «π Ÿß À «Àå ªπ ªóôÕπ Œ «ππ π ËÕß Õ ß ÿπ æ º «π Hydroquinone in Skin-whitening Herbal Cosmetic Cream. Supawadee Daodee 1* Duangsuda Apiwatdamrongkit 2 Bung-orn Sripanidkulchai 3 àõ» π Èßπ
More informationrocessing and Quality Evaluation of Chili Jam P º µ ª π ÿ æ æ
««À «ÀÕ â ªï Ë 27 Ë 2 Õπæƒ - ßÀ 2550 Õ π ÿ À À å rocessing and Quality Evaluation of Chili Jam P º µ ª π ÿ æ æ. Õ π ÿ À À å Õ åª « µ å π Õ À µ å À «ÀÕ â E-mail: anchan_cho@utcc.ac.th àõ» º Õß «µà ßÊ Ë
More information«àπ π â Õ μ «å «π Áß μâ π π ßæ π ª
«æ å μ Ù-ı ªï Ë Ûapple Ë Ù μ.. -.. ÚııÙ Reg 4-5 Med J Vol. 30 No. 4 Oct - Dec 2011 π æπ åμâπ Original Article «μ»ÿ º æ.., Cheerawan Tansupaphon M.D., «.«. ß «π Thai Board of Diagnostic Radiology ÿà ß π
More informationTHE IMPACT OF CROSS-FOSTERING ON SWINE PRODUCTION
«µ«æ å ªï Ë 32 æ» 2545 101 THE IMPACT OF CROSS-FOSTERING ON SWINE PRODUCTION Suphot Wattanaphansak 1* Supol Luengyosluechakul 1 Alejandro Larriestra 2 John Deen 2 Abstract Suphot Wattanaphansak 1* Supol
More informationEvaluation of Calculated Low-Density Lipoprotein Against a Direct Assay
Evaluation of Calculated Low-Density Lipoprotein Against a Direct Assay Navapun Charuruks MD*, Anna Milintagas BSc** * Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University **
More informationDoes Thailand Need Its Own Mathematical Model of the Influenza A (H1N1-2009) Pandemic and the Following Seasonal Influenza?
Journal of Public Health, January-April 2011 Vol. 41 No. 1 Does Thailand Need Its Own Mathematical Model of the Influenza A (H1N1-2009) Pandemic and the Following Seasonal Influenza? Aronrag Cooper Meeyai*
More informationThe Development of Wax Cubes for Chewing Ability Evaluation : A Preliminary Study and its Clinical Application
66 J Dent Assoc Thai Vol. 60 No. 1 January-March 2010 «Original Article The Development of Wax Cubes for Chewing Ability Evaluation : A Preliminary Study and its Clinical Application Kittima Prapatrungsri
More informationThe content of active constituents of stored sliced and powdered preparations of turmeric rhizomes and zedoary (bulb and finger) rhizomes
ORIGINAL ARTICLE The content of active constituents of stored sliced and powdered preparations of turmeric rhizomes and zedoary (bulb and finger) rhizomes Sanan Subhadhirasakul 1, Siriwan Wongvarodom 2
More informationPrevalence and Effectiveness of an Education Program on Intestinal Pathogens in Food Handlers
Prevalence and Effectiveness of an Education Program on Intestinal Pathogens in Food Handlers Somwang Danchaivijitr MD*, Yong Rongrungruang MD*, Udom Kachintorn MD*, Vichai Techasathit MD**, Sumalee Pakaworavuthi
More informationEffects of supplementation vegetable oil on milk production in lactating cows
Research Articles Effects of supplementation vegetable oil on milk production in lactating cows Chuleekorn Warinrak 1 Noppakao Thepsuree 1 Surewan Pengrungreungwong 1 Surasak Jittakhot 1 Somkeat Kosulwat
More informationThe Use of the Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in Glaucoma Evaluation
The «ÿ» Use of the Non-Mydriatic µ å ªï Ë 4 Ë Fundus 1 - ÿπ π Camera in Glaucoma 2552 Evaluation 1 The Use of the Non-Mydriatic Fundus Camera in Glaucoma Evaluation Narakorn Leeprechanon, MD. Department
More informationKey word index. «ÿπ ß π Õ «, «π Õ «π π å 260. «µ æ å Ààߪ» ªï Ë 52 Ë 4 µÿ - π«2550
π Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, ÿà Õ ÕÕ µ 181 Lamotrigine, bipolar disorder,, «, Õ àæ ߪ ß å, ªØ À«à ß π Õß 192 Morningness - Eveningness Questionaire (MEQ), ««, «æ, Õÿ À Ÿ à ß, 352 Paliperidone,,
More informationTrypanosoma evansi infection in mice and sow: cryopreservation of T. evansi, its infectivity and subsequent clinical signs and pathological findings
Research Articles Trypanosoma evansi infection in mice and sow: cryopreservation of T. evansi, its infectivity and subsequent clinical signs and pathological findings Siriporn Tantawet 1, Bastiaan Willemse
More informationAtresia of the Jejunum and Ileum: What is the Difference?
Atresia of the Jejunum and Ileum: What is the Difference? Achariya Tongsin MD*, Maitree Anuntkosol MD*, Rangsan Niramis MD* * Department of Surgery, Queen Sirikit National Institute of Child Health, College
More informationAnesthesia for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital
Anesthesia for Pediatric Gastrointestinal Endoscopy in a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital Somchai Amornyotin M.D.,*, ** Ungkab Prakanrattana M.D.,** Wiyada Chalayonnavin B.N.,*, ** Siriporn Kongplay B.N.,*,
More informationSupot Pongprasobchai MD*, Thanjira Jiranantakan MD*, Akarin Nimmannit MD**, Cherdchai Nopmaneejumruslers MD*
Comparison of the Efficacy between Lidocaine Spray plus Lidocaine Jelly Lubrication and Lidocaine Jelly Lubrication Alone Prior to Nasogastric Intubation: A Prospective Double-Blind Randomized Controlled
More informationLong-term consumption of polysaccharide gel from durian fruit-hulls in mice
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Long-term consumption of polysaccharide gel from durian fruit-hulls in mice Sunanta Pongsamart 1, Achara Tawatsin 3, and Suchada Sukrong 2 Abstract Pongsamart, S., Tawatsin, A. and Sukrong,
More informationEffect of dexamethasone on differential white blood cell counts and heterophil / lymphocyte ratio in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica)
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effect of dexamethasone on differential white blood cell counts and heterophil / lymphocyte ratio in Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) Worapol Aengwanich 1 and Orawan Chinrasri
More informationŸ à À Õ â π âõ Ÿ Õ Á Õπ å Ëß À ºŸâªÉ«πÕ
Vol 22 No 3 September - December 2012 Unused Medication Costs from Electronic 191 Database of Out-patient Prescriptions 191 Original Article : Phamacy Administration and Social Phamacy Unused Medication
More informationTHE VARIATIONS AND PATTERNS OF RENAL ARTERIES IN DOGS
Sajjarengpong K. & Adirektaworn A./TJVM 36(1): 39-46. 39 Original Article THE VARIATIONS AND PATTERNS OF RENAL ARTERIES IN DOGS Kriengyot Sajjarengpong * Adisorn Adirektaworn Abstract Kriengyot Sajjarengpong
More informationComparison of the Efficacy of the Immune Complex and Conventionally Live Vaccine in Broilers against Infectious Bursal Disease Infection
Chansiripornchai N. & Sasipreeyajan J./Thai J. Vet. Med. 39(2): 115-120. 115 Original Article Comparison of the Efficacy of the Immune Complex and Conventionally Live Vaccine in Broilers against Infectious
More informationAntimicrobial activity of oil from the root of Cinnamomum porrectum
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Antimicrobial activity of oil from the root of Cinnamomum porrectum Souwalak Phongpaichit 1, Sopa Kummee 2, Ladda Nilrat 3 and Arunporn Itarat 4 Abstract Phongpaichit, S., Kummee, S.,
More informationEducating Young Children with Autism in Inclusive Classrooms in Thailand
Kasetsart J. (Soc. Sci) 29 : 268-278 (2008) «. µ» µ å ( ß ) ªï Ë 29 : 268-278 (2551) Educating Young Children with Autism in Inclusive Classrooms in Thailand Angkhana Onbun-uea 1 and George S. Morrison
More information««À «ÀÕ â ªï Ë 28 Ë 2 Õπ π - ÿπ π 2551
««À «ÀÕ â ªï Ë 28 Ë 2 Õπ π - ÿπ π 2551 P henolic Antioxidants from Betel Leaf (Piper betel Linn.) Extract Obtained with Different Solvents and Extraction Time μâ πõπÿ Ÿ Õ ª øïπõ Õß æ Ÿ Ë â μ ««Ëμà ß π.
More informationµâ πõπÿ Ÿ Õ ª Õ øïπõ ÈßÀ ª Õ π «π â «âõßßõ â «Œ ßßÕ Õß
««µâ πõπÿ Ÿ Õ ª Õ øïπõ ÈßÀ ª Õ π «π â «âõßßõ â «Œ ßßÕ Õß ª«µπ π * ª ÿ À Ëπ àõ «Èß Õß π ª Ÿª â «âõß Àâ ªìπ â «âõßßõ ª Ÿª â «ª Õ Àâ ªìπ â «Œ ßßÕ ªìπ«Ë à«π æ Ë ÿ à ß π, ª ª ÿß π ÈÕ º æ Ë ª ÕÕ ƒ Ï ß «æ Õß
More informationTrans Fatty Acid Content in Chinese Fried Dough Used Repeated Frying Oil
1 Trans Fatty Acid Content in Chinese Fried Dough Used Repeated Frying Oil Watcharaporn Jaikrasane* Linna Tongyonk and Chamnan Pratarapanich Department of Food and Chemistry, Faculty of Phamaceutical Sciences,
More informationDiagnosis Disclosure in HIV-Infected Thai Children
Diagnosis Disclosure in HIV-Infected Thai Children Vitharon Boon-yasidhi MD*, Uraporn Kottapat MSc**, Yuitiang Durier MEd**, Nottasorn Plipat MD**, Wanatpreeya Phongsamart MD**, Kulkanya Chokephaibulkit
More informationInfluence of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Sow Backfat Thickness
Research Articles Influence of Dietary Protein and Energy Levels on Sow Backfat Thickness Surasak Jittakhot 1*, Dusit Laohasinnarong 2 and Kampon Kaeoket 2 1 Department of Pre-clinical and Applied Animal
More informationEffects of feeding Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on performance, carcass quality and health of broilers
àπ μ ÛÙ (Ú) : Ò -ÚappleÙ (ÚıÙ ) KHON KAEN AGRIC. 34 (2) : 199-204 (2006) Effects of feeding Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on performance, carcass quality and health of broilers Panarat
More informationLaboratory Comparison of the Anti-Bacterial Effects of Spearmint Extract and Hypochlorite Sodium on Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria
Journal of Dental Biomaterials. 2016;3(4) Original Article Laboratory Comparison of the Anti-Bacterial Effects of Spearmint Extract and Hypochlorite Sodium on Enterococcus Faecalis Bacteria Hajimaghsoodi
More informationAntibacterial Activity of Turmeric against Enterococcus faecalis An In vitro Study
ISSN: 2319-7706 Volume 3 Number 2 (2014) pp. 498-504 http://www.ijcmas.com Original Research Article Antibacterial Activity of Turmeric against Enterococcus faecalis An In vitro Study Reshma Suvarna *,
More informationComparative Effects of Zinc Methionylglycinate and Zinc Sulfate on Hair Coat Characteristics and Zinc Concentration in Plasma, Hair, and Stool of Dogs
Jamikorn U. & Preedapattarapong T./Thai J. Vet. Med. 38(4): 9-16. 9 Original Article Comparative Effects of Zinc Methionylglycinate and Zinc Sulfate on Hair Coat Characteristics and Zinc Concentration
More informationBest Practice of in vitro Methods on Measuring Anti Microbial of Chemical Substance on Root Canal Treatment: Literature Review
Best Practice of in vitro Methods on Measuring Anti Microbial of Chemical Substance on Root Canal Treatment: Literature Review Dani Rizali Firman 1, Indra Primathena 2 1 Oral Biology Department, Faculty
More informationThe prevalence of dens evaginatus and apical periodontitis in dens evaginatus in a group of Thai schoolchildren
«πµ ÿã œ 2551;31:43-52 Original Article «The prevalence of dens evaginatus and apical periodontitis in dens evaginatus in a group of Thai schoolchildren Suphakorn Suksamai B.Sc., D.D.S., Grad. Dip. in
More informationThe Effect of Cold Storage on the Quality of Stallion Semen and Pregnancy Rate after Artificial Insemination
Tharasanit T. et al./tjvm 37(4): 39-48. 39 Original Articles The Effect of Cold Storage on the Quality of Stallion Semen and Pregnancy Rate after Artificial Insemination Theerawat Tharasanit 1* Sukanya
More informationElectrocution death and pathological findings with the metallization in wild elephant: case report
Case Report Electrocution death and pathological findings with the metallization in wild elephant: case report Wasinee Thepapichaikul 1 Panop wilainam 2 Parin Suwannaprapha 2* 1 Pasupalan livestock and
More informationEffects of ascorbic acid on cell mediated, humoral immune response and pathophysiology of white blood cell in broilers under heat stress
ORIGINAL ARTICLE Effects of ascorbic acid on cell mediated, humoral immune response and pathophysiology of white blood cell in broilers under heat stress Worapol Aengwanich 1, Pornchai Sridama 2, Yupin
More informationComparison of Intrauterine Tuboperitoneal Insemination and Intrauterine Insemination on Pregnancy Rate : Preliminary Report
» ª Õ μ μ Èß å À«à ß πè Õ ÿ Comparison of intrauterine tuboperitoneal insemination and intrauterine π æπ åμâπ Original Article» ª Õ μ μ Èß å À«à ß πè Õ ÿ â Ÿà æ ß Ÿ àõπ à àõß âõß πè Õ ÿ â Ÿà æ ß Ÿ : ß
More informationTO EVALUATE THE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NANO PARTICLE BASED IRRIGANT AS ENDODONTIC ROOT CANAL IRRIGANT
Original Article International Journal of Dental and Health Sciences Volume 01,Issue 04 TO EVALUATE THE ANTIBACTERIAL PROPERTIES OF SILVER NANO PARTICLE BASED IRRIGANT AS ENDODONTIC ROOT CANAL IRRIGANT
More informationOral Candida biofilm model and Candida Staph interactions
Oral Candida biofilm model and Candida Staph interactions Mark Shirtliff, PhD Associate Professor Department of Microbial Pathogenesis, School of Dentistry Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School
More informationIOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (IOSR-JDMS) e-issn: 2279-0853, p-issn: 2279-0861.Volume 16, Issue 8 Ver. X (Aug. 2017), PP 17-21 www.iosrjournals.org Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial
More informationAccuracy of linear measurements in stitched versus non-stitched cone beam CT images
«πμ ÿã œ 2558;38:93-104 Original Article «Accuracy of linear measurements in stitched versus non-stitched cone beam CT images Preeyaporn Srimawong, D.D.S., Grad.Dip.in Clin.Sc., M.S. 1,3 Anchali Krisanachinda,
More informationPerioperative Myocardial Ischemia / Infarction: Study of Incidents from Thai Anesthesia Incidence Study (THAI Study) of 163,403 Cases
Perioperative Myocardial Ischemia / Infarction: Study of Incidents from Thai Anesthesia Incidence Study (THAI Study) of 163,403 Cases Oraluxna Rodanant MD*, Thitima Chinachoti MD**, Thewarug Veerawatakanon
More informationπ åªí À æµ Õߪ» πªí ÿ π
π åªí À æµ Õß ª» πªí ÿ π «µ Õ ß å æ., Ph.D. *, Õ π π å Õ à µπå æ., Ph.D. **, Õÿ å æ Ëߪ π».. ***, πæ µ Ph.D. ****, πæ Ph.D. *****, Õ» «ß»å Õ ÿ «.. ****** àõ ß ««Õπ µ æ ËÕª π«πºÿâ Ë «âõß ÿ æµ ªï æ.». 2550
More informationOutcomes of Cataract Surgery in Senile Cataract Patients at Siriraj Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study
Outcomes of Cataract Surgery in Senile Cataract Patients at Siriraj Hospital: A Prospective Observational Study Dhaivadee Dulayajinda MD*, Wirut Nukhaw MD*, Suchada Kampanartsanyakorn MD*, La-ongsri Atchaneeyasakul
More informationHeart Murmur in the First Week of Life: Siriraj Hospital
Heart Murmur in the First Week of Life: Siriraj Hospital Duangmanee Laohaprasitiporn MD*, Tipawan Jiarakamolchuen MD*, Prakul Chanthong MD*, Kritvikrom Durongpisitkul MD*, Jarupim Soongswang MD*, Apichart
More informationFactors Associated with Allergic Rhinitis in Priest Hospital
Factors Associated with Allergic Rhinitis in Priest Hospital Sitichai Pratyapipat MD*, Jamjun Sinsakolwat RN*, Aree Tantanawat CN* * Department of Ear Nose Throat, Priest Hospital Objective: To study the
More informationOCT4 Expression on a Case of Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland and Minireview
Case Report OCT4 Expression on a Case of Poorly Differentiated (Insular) Carcinoma of the Thyroid Gland and Minireview Chetana Ruangpratheep MD*, Chanida Lohachittranond MSc**, Tara Poonpracha MD**, Phaibul
More informationCongenital Oesophageal Stenosis in a Puppy
Pramatwinai C./TJVM 37(1): 59-64. 59 Short Communication Congenital Oesophageal Stenosis in a Puppy Churee Pramatwinai Abstract An extremely rare case of congenital oesophageal stenosis in a two-month-old,
More informationPORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX (PRDC)
«µ«æ å ªï Ë 32 æ» 2545 125 PORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX (PRDC) Eileen Thacker 1 Roongroje Thanawongnuwech 2* Abstract Eileen Thacker 1 Roongroje Thanawongnuwech 2* PORCINE RESPIRATORY DISEASE COMPLEX
More informationAntimicrobial efficacy of apple cider vinegar against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An in vitro study
Original Article Antimicrobial efficacy of apple cider vinegar against Enterococcus faecalis and Candida albicans: An in vitro study Swati Mohanty 1, Sindhu Ramesh 1, N. P. Muralidharan 2 1 Department
More informationEffect of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm. Abstract. imedpub Journals
Research article imedpub Journals http://www.imedpub.com/ Journal of Prevention and Infection Control Effect of Chlorhexidine and Sodium Hypochlorite on Staphylococcus aureus Biofilm Wala A Abdallah *
More informationAntibacterial effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canals
Journal of Dental Research, Dental Clinics, Dental Prospects Original Article Antibacterial effect of different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite on Enterococcus faecalis biofilms in root canals Mohammad
More informationMedical Thoracoscopy: Experiences in Siriraj Hospital
Medical Thoracoscopy: Experiences in Siriraj Hospital Jamsak Tscheikuna MD* * Division of Respiratory Disease and Tuberculosis, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University
More information