Effects of feeding Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on performance, carcass quality and health of broilers

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1 àπ μ ÛÙ (Ú) : Ò -ÚappleÙ (ÚıÙ ) KHON KAEN AGRIC. 34 (2) : (2006) Effects of feeding Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on performance, carcass quality and health of broilers Panarat Katiyanon 1, Jowaman Khajarean 1, Bundit Tengjaroenkul 2, Komkrich Pimpukdee 3 Abstract A study was conducted to evaluate the supplementation of jerusalen artichoke (JA) in broiler diet at the levels 1, 2, 3 or 4 % compared with control or control fortified with chlortetracycline (CTC) on live performance, carcass quality, breast meat fat and cholesterol content and also health status on hematocrit (HTC), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and cholesterol content. Feeding JA and CTC at the levels of 1 to 4 % showed both better increased in body weight gain (BWG) and better improvement in feed efficiency but did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from control group for all periods of feeding. Breast meat fat content was decreased (P<0.01) and also breast meat cholesterol trended to decrease (P>0.05) when compared with the control group. No significant effect of JA and HTC, but ALT and cholesterol in chicks serum showed significantly decreased (P<0.05) when fed all levels of JA and decreased (P<0.05) when fed at 3% JA in the diet. Mortality was reduced when JA and CTC were fed. Feeding JA at 3 % in broiler diet demonstrated beneficial in both BWG, feed efficiency and mortality for alternative replacement of CTC for antibiotic growth promoter. Keywords : Jerusalem artichoke, broilers, performance, breast meat, blood. 1 Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 2 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 3 Department of Veterinary Publich Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen

2 200 ªï Ë 34 Ë 2 π- ÿπ π 2549 àπ μ àõ» º Õß àπμ «π πõ À à π ÈÕ Ë 1,2,3 4 % ª Ÿμ Õ À μ π À Õ Ÿμ Õ À μ π ⫪ø «π Õ μ μ â πμàõ π π º μ ÿ æ ª Õß π Õ Õ Õ π π ÈÕÕ ÿ æ Õß à π ÈÕμàÕ à Õߌ μ (hematocrit, HTC) Õ åõ π π å øõ (alanine aminotranforase, ALP) Õ Õ Õ π Ë àπμ «π 1 ß 4% CTC ߺ ÈßπÈ Àπ æ Ë ª ª ÿߪ æ âõ À æ Ë Èπ μà à º μ μà ßÕ à ß π (P>0.05) ËÕ ª ÿà Ë È ß â«ÿμ Õ À μ πμàõ ÿ à«ßõ ÿ Õß Õ π π π ÈÕÕ ß (P<0.05) Õ Õ Õ π«πâ Ë ß (P>0.05) ËÕ ª π ÈÕÕ Ë È ß â«ÿμ μ π «ÿ àπμ «π CTC À⺠à μ μà ß π μà ALT Õ Õ Õ π Ë à ßÕ à ß π (P<0.05) ËÕ àπμ «π ß Õ à ß π (P<0.05) ËÕ àπμ «π 3% π Ÿμ Õ À Õ μ μ ß ËÕ àπμ «π CTC πõ À àπμ «π Ë 3% π Ÿμ Õ À ߺ μõ π À⪠πå ÈßπÈ Àπ æ Ë ª æ âõ À Õ μ μ Ëß π â π CTC À àß μ μ π ªØ «π â : àπμ «π (Jerusalem artichoke), π º μ, π ÈÕÕ, Õ Introduction Kaentawan or Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) is a native plant in Canada. The tuber of the plant is rich in the carbohydrate inulin. Inulin can be broken down chemically to the simple sugar fructose or polymers of fructose called fructo-oligosaccharides (Kosaric et al., 1984; Modler et al., 1993). Interest in Jerusalem artichoke has increased because of its potential as a source of fructo-oligosaccharides to the diet has been reported to have many beneficial effect on growth, metabolism and health in a variety of species (Hidaka et al., 1986; Farnworth, 1992). The purpose of this study was to determine effects of feeding JA on performance, carcass quality and health of broilers. Materials and Methods 480 day-old Arbor Acres mixed-sex were evenly assigned to 6 dietary treatments with 4 replications of 20 chicks each. Each pen was equipped with two hanging feeders and automatic water and using rice hull as bedding over concrete floors. Incandescent light were provided with 24 h/d. Nutritionally complete diets (NRC, 1994) were prepared for starter (0 to 21 d) and finisher (21-42 d). the 6 treatments included: 1) control (no antibiotic); 2) control with 0.01 % chlortetracycline (CTC); 3) 1% JA; 4) 2% JA; 5) 3% JA; 6) 4% JA (Table 1 and 2). All diets contained salinomycin (100 mg/kg) as an anticoccidial for starter diet. Birds were group weighed and pen feed consumption and mortality were determined every week. At the end of the experiment (42 d), blood sample of 2 males

3 àπ μ ªï Ë 34 Ë 2 π- ÿπ π and 2 females from each pen were determine for hematological (hematocrit, HTC) serum biochemical responses (alanine aminotransferase, ALT and cholesterol). Two birds of each sex from each pen were sacrificed for carcass evaluation of breast meat fat and breast meat cholesterol by the method of Bohac et al. (1988). A completely randomized design was applied using the GLM procedure of SAS (1985) and differences between treatments were tested using Duncanûs multiple range test. Table 1 Composition of the experimental diets 0-3 weeks Dietary treatment Ingredients T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 control CTC 1%JA 2%JA 3%JA 4%JA Yellow corn Jerusalem artichoke Fish meal Crude rice oil Soybean meal Limestone DL-Methionine L-Lysine Monocalcium phosphate Salt Premixes a Chlotetracycline a Mix supplied per kilogram of diet : A 5,500 IU, D3 2,500 IU, E 5 IU, K 1.45 mg, B12 30 mg, Thiamine 2 mg, Riboflavin 7 mg, Pyridoxine 5 mg, d-pentothenic acid 12 mg, Niacin 50 mg, Choline chloride 500 mg, Folic acid 1 mg, Biotin 15 mg, K3 0.5 mg, Ethoxyquin 125 mg, Mn 60 mg, Zn 40 mg, Fe 80 mg, Cu 8 mg, I 0.35 mg, Se 0.15 mg.

4 202 ªï Ë 34 Ë 2 π- ÿπ π 2549 àπ μ Table 2 Composition of the experimental diets 3-6 weeks Dietary treatment Ingredients T1 T2 T3 T4 T5 T6 control CTC 1%JA 2%JA 3%JA 4%JA Yellow corn Jerusalem artichoke Fish meal Crude rice oil Soybean meal Limestone DL-Methionine L-Lysine Monocalcium phosphate Salt Premixes a Chlotetracycline a Mix supplied per kilogram of diet : A 5,500 IU, D3 2,500 IU, E 5 IU, K 1.45 mg, B12 30 mg, Thiamine 2 mg, Riboflavin 7 mg, Pyridoxine 5 mg, d-pentothenic acid 12 mg, Niacin 50 mg, Choline chloride 500 mg, Folic acid 1 mg, Biotin 15 mg, K3 0.5 mg, Ethoxyquin 125 mg, Mn 60 mg, Zn 40 mg, Fe 80 mg, Cu 8 mg, I 0.35 mg, Se 0.15 mg. Results and Discussion The effect of different dietary JA levels on the performance of broilers are presented in Table 3. Feeding JA at the levels of 1 to 4 % of diets and control diet fortified with CTC showed both better increased in body weight gain (BWG) and better improvement in feed efficiency (F:G) but did not differ significantly (P>0.05) from those fed the control diet for all period of feeding. Breast meat fat control fed JA was decreased (P<0.01) than of those fed diet without JA and similar trend also observed but did not differ significantly (P>0.05) for breast meat cholesterol. There were no significant (P>0.05) effects of JA on HTC but ALT and cholesterol in chickûs serum shower significantly decreased (P<0.05) when all levels of JA were fed and cholesterol decreased (P<0.05) when fed JA at 3% (Table 4). However, the normal range of cholesterol levels of broiler is between mg% (Carpenter et al., 2001). Mortality of CTC or JA fed chicks were reduced when compared with the control group. Feeding JA at 3% in broiler diet showed beneficial in both BWG, feed efficiency and mortality for alternative replacement of CTC for antibiotic growth promoter.

5 àπ μ ªï Ë 34 Ë 2 π- ÿπ π Table 3 Effects of Feeding Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on Performance of Broilers Dietary teratment Body weight gain (g/bird) Feed conversion ratio (FCR) 0-3 wk 3-6 wk 0-6 wk 0-3 wk 0-3 wk 3-6 wk T1=0% T2=CTC T3=1% JA T4=2% JA T5=3% JA T6=4% JA CV% Table 4. Effects of Feeding Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus L.) on Carcass Quality and Health of Broilers Dietary Mortaliy Breast meat composition HTC ALT Chol. teratment (%) Fat(%) 2/ Chol.mg/100 g wet (%) 1/ (U/L) 2/ (mg/%) 1/ T1=0% a a 7.76 a ab T2=CTC b b 5.33 b a T3=1% JA c ab 4.76 b ab T4=2% JA b ab 5.33 b ab T5=3% JA b a 4.23 b b T6=4% JA bc a 3.93 b ab CV% / Means in the same column bearing different superscript differ (P<0.05) 2/ Means in the same column bearing different superscript differ (P<0.01) ALT= alanine aminotransferases enzyme; HTC= hematocrit

6 204 ªï Ë 34 Ë 2 π- ÿπ π 2549 àπ μ References Bohac, C.E., K.S. Rhee, H.R. Cross and K. Ono Assessment of Methodologies for Colorimeric Cholesterol Assay of Meats. J. Food Sci.53: Carpenter, J. W., T. Y. Mashima and D. J. Rupiper Exotic Animal Formulary. Second edition. Copyright 2001 by W. B. Saunders company. A Harcourt Sciences Company the Curtis Farnworth, E.R., H.W. Modler and D.A. Mackie Adding Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus tuburosus) to weaning pig diets and the effect on manure composition and characteristics. Anim. Feed Sci. Technol. 55: Hidaka, H. and T. Eida Roles of fructooligosaccharides for the improvement of intestinal flora and suppression of production of putrid substances. Food Engineering. 31:8-52. Kosaric, N., G.P. Cosentino and A. Wieczorek The Jerusalem Artichoke as an agricultural crop. Biomass. 5: Modler, H. W., R.C. McKellar and M. Yaguchi Bifidobacteria and bifidogenic factors. Can Inst Food Sci Technol. 23: National Research Council Nutrient. Requirements of poultry. 9 th ed. National Academy Press, Washington, DC. SAS Institute Inc SAS User,s Guide. 5 th Ed. SAS Intitute Inc. Cary NC: USA.