HOUSTON COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM Coleman College for Health Sciences Dental Assisting Program Fall 2014

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1 HOUSTON COMMUNITY COLLEGE SYSTEM Coleman College for Health Sciences Dental Assisting Program Fall 2014 TITLE: Dental Radiology I, DNTA 1305 (CRN# 26575, 26732, 26730, 26731) CREDIT: 3 semester hours LECTURE INSTRUCTOR: Rosie Perez, CDA, RDA, B.S., Office Rm 520, address: rosie.perez@hccs.edu ; Office and Office hours: Coleman campus Rm. 520; M 8-5pm, W 1-5pm, F 8-1pm LABORATORY INSTRUCTORS: Rosie Perez, CDA, RDA, BS and Marie Thomas, CDA, RDA (contact at marie.thomas@hccs.edu ; Office and office hours: Coleman campus, room 567; F, 8-5pm) Class meets: Coleman Campus; Room 576, Tues/Thurs, 2:30-3:30pm; Room 567, M/F REQUIRED TEXTBOOK: Johnson and Thomson, Essentials of Dental Radiography for Dental Assistants and Hygienists, 9th ed., Pearson Prentice Hall, REFERENCE BOOK: Bird and Robinson, Torres and Ehrlich Modern Dental Assisting, 11th ed., Elsevier, COURSE DESCRIPTION: DNTA 1305, Dental Radiology I Introduction to radiation physics, radiation protection, and the operation of radiographic equipment. Instruction in exposure, processing and mounting of dental radiographs, and study of federal and state safety and standard practices. 3 credit (2 hr. lecture, 3 hrs. lab). LEARNING OUTCOMES: Describe the theory and principles of radiographic techniques, physics, and radiation health and safety; expose, process, and mount radiographs; and demonstrate quality assurance practices. GENERAL COURSE OBJECTIVES: Upon completion of this course the student will be able to: 1. state a brief history of dental radiography. 2. list the properties and characteristics of x-rays. 3. name and identify the parts of the x-ray unit. 4. describe the production of x-rays. 5. describe the biological effects of ionizing radiation. 6. name types and sizes of dental x-ray film, sensors and phosphor plates. 7. demonstrate processing of dental x-ray imaging devices. 8. identify anatomical landmarks. 9. demonstrate and describe the principles of the bisecting angle technique, paralleling technique, and bitewing techniques of dental radiography. 10. expose, process, mount and critique dental radiographs. 11. recognize and solve problem situations encountered in dental radiography. COURSE REQUIREMENTS: Each student is required to expose, process, mount and critique at least 3 sets of adult radiographs (on the manikin) with a grade of 80% or better in order to be eligible to take the radiography competency exam. Each student must present 2 qualified patients for radiographs and successfully complete the

2 radiography competency exam (see below) prior to enrolling in Dental Radiology II. Patients must be approved and scheduled for radiographs prior to the end of Fall semester. The competency exam will consist of: 1. The student will be given no more than 1 and 1/2-hour time limit to expose, process, mount and critique radiographs. 2. The student must successfully complete the competency exam with 80% or better accuracy in order to successfully complete this course. Students are required to read the assignments outlined in the syllabus and the presentation outlines. Examination questions will be taken from the reading assignments, handouts, and lecture material. Ten (10) points will be deducted from the grade on radiographs for each day they are late. Students absent from laboratory classes will receive a 0 for the days assignment. PRESENTATION OF COURSE MATERIAL/CLASSROOM PROCEDURES The course material will be presented by the lecture discussion method with some audio-visual presentation. Part of the material may be presented by guest lectures. ATTENDANCE POLICY: Students who are absent for more than 4 class periods may be administratively withdrawn from the course without notification. It is the responsibility of the student to withdraw officially from a course. Failure of a student to withdraw officially could result in the student receiving a grade of F in the course. Students absent from class on the day of a major exam or unannounced quiz will not be allowed to make-up the exam or quiz. NO MAKE-UP EXAMINATIONS will be given, so please do not ask. GRADING: The final grade for this course will be calculated according to the total number of points accumulated for participating in classroom and laboratory activities. POINTS WILL BE EARNED BY: Lecture: Major Examinations (4 exams) 300 points Possible 100 points each exam (Lowest grade will be dropped in lieu of make-up exams) Unannounced quizzes in lecture (average of all) 100 points FINAL EXAM (lecture) 100 points Laboratory:* 500 points TOTAL POINTS 1000 points *Laboratory grade is 50% of total final grade. GRADING SCALE: To earn an: A accumulate points - excellent B accumulate points - above average C accumulate points - average F accumulate points - below average All students must make "C" (70%) or better to successfully complete this course.

3 ADA STATEMENT Any student with a documented disability (e.g. physical, learning, psychiatric, vision, hearing, etc.) who needs to arrange reasonable accommodations must contact the Disability Services Office at the respective college at the beginning of each semester. Faculty are authorized to provide only the accommodations requested by the Disability Support Services Office. The information in this publication will be made available in large print, taped or computer-based format upon request. ADA assistance can be obtained in The Center on the first floor of the Coleman Campus. ACADEMIC HONESTY STATEMENT Students are responsible for conducting themselves with honor and integrity in fulfilling course requirements. Penalties and/or disciplinary proceedings may be initiated by College System officials against a student accused of scholastic dishonesty. See the HCCS Student Handbook for more information. EGLS 3 Evaluation for Greater Learning Student Survey System At Houston Community College, professors believe that thoughtful student feedback is necessary to improve teaching and learning. During a designated time, you will be asked to answer a short online survey of research-based questions related to instruction. The anonymous results of the survey will be made available to your professors and division chairs for continual improvement of instruction. Look for the EGLS 3 as part of the Houston Community College Student System online near the end of the term. SCANS - (Secretary's Commission on Achieving Necessary Skills) A study was conducted for the Department of Labor by the American Society for Training and Development, which identified the seven skills that U.S. employers want most in entry level employees. These skills are: motivation to learn basic skills, communication, teamwork, critical thinking, career development and leadership. In order to achieve the desired competencies, the following will be included in this course: I. Maximize Resource Allocations A. Allocate time - Attempt and complete assignments on time. B. Allocate material and facility resources - Assemble appropriate PID's for taking radiographs. Clean x-ray rooms and darkroom. II. Use Information Skills A. Maintain information - will maintain records of films taken and organize self as to be prepared to take required films. B. Interpret information/communicate information - interpret and communicate radiographic procedures with instructors. III. Employ Interpersonal Skills A. Participate as a team member - Work with other students and faculty, as well as, the clinical affiliates. B. Correct performance - Take required radiographs on manikins and critique and mount them. IV. Use Technology A. Maintain technology/troubleshoot technology - maintain, clean and fill radiographic processor.

4 V. Enhance Basic Skills A. Use writing proficiency - take written quizzes and exam; take lecture and laboratory notes. B. Perform listening skill - listen to lecture by instructors and/or guest speakers. C. Demonstrate speaking competence - explain procedures required. D. Demonstrate reading competence - read all assigned materials. VI. Apply Thinking Skills A. Use problem-solving skill - be able to critique and correct errors made on radiographs by recognizing the problem. VII. Display Appropriate Personal Qualities A. Demonstrate appropriate social skills - work as a team member and be polite to fellow classmates and instructors. B. Display integrity/honesty - choose appropriate course of action when faced with an ethical dilemma.

5 DNTA 1305 Course Outline I. Intraoral Radiographic Procedures A. Bisecting-angle/short-cone technique B. Paralleling/long cone technique C. Horizontal and Vertical Angulation Procedures D. Placement of Film Packet E. Sequence of Film Positioning F. Position Indicating Device (PID) G. Endodontic Radiography Technique II. Radiography in the Dental Practice A. Introduction B. Discovery of x-rays 1. Roentgen ray 2. Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen C. Early Progress and Development D. Equipment Improvements and New Techniques 1. Cones 2. Position Indicating Devices (PID) E. Modern Use of Dental Radiography 1. Cephalometric Headplate 2. Tomography 3. Xeroradiography III. Characteristics of Radiation A. Physics of Radiation 1. Matter 2. Energy 3. Molecules 4. Electrons, Neutrons B. Background Radiation and Radioactivity 1. Electromagnetic Radiation 2. Gamma Radiation C. Electromagnetic Spectrum 1. Grenz rays (Soft radiation) 2. Hard radiation D. Characteristics of X-radiation 1. Photons 2. Characteristic radiation 3. Bremsstrahlung E. Ionizing Radiation 1. Positive Ion 2. Ion pair F. Interaction of x-rays with matter

6 IV. The Dental X-ray Machine - Components and Functions A. Parts and Components 1. Control Panel 2. Tubehead 3. Extension arm B. X-ray Tube 1. Anode 2. Cathode 3. Target 4. Focal Spot C. Significance of Electron Activity D. Principles of X-ray Tube Operation 1. Amperage 2. Voltage 3. Electric Current 4. Transformers 5. Control Devices V. Technical Aspects of Radiation Production A. Operation of the Dental X-ray Machine B. Producing Good Radiographs 1. Filtration 2. Central Ray 3. Collimation 4. Density 5. Contrast C. Variable Radiation Control Factors 1. Milliamperage 2. Exposure Time 3. Kilovoltage VI. Identification of anatomical Landmarks for Mounting Radiographs A. Normal Anatomical Landmarks 1. Facial 2. Cranium 3. Maxilla and Mandible B. Radiographic Appearance of Alveolar Bone and Tooth Area 1. Radiolucent 2. Radiopaque C. Radiographic Appearance of Maxillary Landmarks D. Radiographic appearance of Mandibular Landmarks E. Mounting the Radiographs F. Viewing the Radiographs G. Filing and Storage of Radiographs

7 VII. Dental X-ray Films A. Composition of Dental X-ray Films 1. Emulsion 2. Chemicals B. Film Covering and Packaging 1. Film Packet 2. Storage C. Film Speeds D. Intraoral Films 1. Periapical 2. Standard 3. Bitewing 4. Occlusal E. Extraoral 1. Panoramic 2. Cephalometric 3. Cassettes F. Duplicating Film G. Film Protection and Storage VIII. Dental X-ray Film Processing A. Darkroom and Equipment 1. Darkroom Lighting a. Safelight b. Filters 2. Processing Tanks a. Care of Tanks b. Processing Solutions B. Manual Processing Procedures 1. Development 2. Rinsing 3. Fixation 4. Washing C. Rapid Processing Procedures D. Automatic Processing E. Quality Control F. Film Duplicating Procedures IX. Digital Radiography A. Fundamental Concepts B. Equipment necessary C. Methods of Acquiring a digital image D. Steps and procedures for exposure E. Legal implications F. Advantages and disadvantages

8 X. Infection Control A. Chain of Infection B. Infection Control Terminology C. Benefit of Infection Control D. Guidelines for Infection Control E. Protective Barriers F. Protective Attire 1. Clothes 2. Gloves 3. Masks 4. Protective Eyewear G. Handwashing H. Disinfection and Sterilization of Instruments I. Cleaning and Disinfection of the Dental Unit and Environmental Surfaces J. Infection Control Procedures - general K. Infection Control Procedures Used for Processing L. Daylight loaders M. Darkroom Disinfection XI. Effects of Radiation Exposure A. Effect on Somatic and Genetic Cells 1. Radiosensitive 2. Radioresistant 3. Direct-Hit Theory 4. Indirect-Action Theory B. Factors that determine Radiation Injury 1. Total Dose 2. Dose Rate 3. Area Exposed 4. Variation in species and Individual Sensitivity 5. Variation in Cell sensitivity 6. Age C. Sequence of Events Following Radiation Exposure 1. Latent Period a. Short-term effects (Acute) b. Long term effects 2. Period of Injury 3. Recovery Period XII. Radiation Protection A. Radiation Safety Legislation B. Radiation Measurement 1. Roentgen 2. Rem 3. Rad 4. Exposure

9 5. Absorbed Dose 6. Dose Equivalent 7. Maximum Permissible Dose C. Radiation Safety Terminology D. Radiation Protection Measures for Operator and Patient E. Radiation Monitoring and Monitoring Devices SPECIFIC INSTRUCTIONAL UNIT OBJECTIVES UNIT I - INTRAORAL RADIOGRAPHIC PROCEDURES 1. Explain the bisecting the angle technique and name the instruments used with this technique. 2. Explain the paralleling technique and name the instruments used with this technique. 3. Explain the possible problems that can occur when incorrect vertical and horizontal angles are used. UNIT II - RADIOGRAPHY IN THE DENTAL PRACTICE 1. Describe the history of radiographs. 2. Describe the early progress and development of radiographs. 3. Describe the equipment used to take radiographs of the oral cavity and the improvement made over the years. 4. Demonstrate and describe the techniques and cones used to take intraoral radiographs. 5. Describe the more modern uses of dental radiography, such as cephalometric, tomography, xeroradiography. UNIT III - CHARACTERISTICS OF RADIATION 1. Explain terms related to the physics of radiation, such as, matter, energy, molecules, electrons, photons, protons, and neutrons. 2. Name the different types of electromagnetic radiations in the spectrum. 3. Explain the difference between hard and soft radiations. 4. Explain what a photon is. 5. Explain the difference between characteristic and bremsstrahlung radiations. UNIT IV - THE DENTAL X-RAY MACHINE - COMPONENTS AND FUNCTIONS 1. Name the parts and components of the x-ray machine. 2. Explain the principles of x-ray tube operation. 3. Describe the care of the x-ray equipment. UNIT V - TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF RADIATION PRODUCTION 1. Describe the operation of the x-ray machine. 2. Describe the purpose of filtration in producing good radiographs.

10 3. Describe the purpose of collimation in producing good radiographs. 4. Explain the difference between contrast and density. UNIT VI - IDENTIFICATION OF LANDMARKS 1. Identify the anatomical landmarks of the skull. 2. List the landmarks of the maxillary arch. 3. List the landmarks of the mandibular arch. 4. Explain the mounting procedure for radiographs. UNIT VII - DENTAL X-RAY FILMS 1. Describe the composition of dental x-ray film. 2. Describe the types of film coverings available. 3. Describe the correct storage of films. 4. Explain the different film speeds available, and tell which is more beneficial for the patient. 5. Describe the many types of intraoral films. 6. Describe the many types of extraoral films. 7. Describe the process for duplicating films. UNIT VIII - DENTAL X-RAY FILM PROCESSING 1. Explain the importance of correct safelighting and filters in the darkroom. 2. Describe the care and maintenance of the processing tanks. 3. Describe the correct processing procedures for manual processing of dental films. 4. Describe rapid processing procedures. 5. Describe the procedures for automatic processing. UNIT IX DIGITAL RADIOGRAPHY 1. Describe the concepts of digital radiography. 2. Describe the equipment and methods used in digital radiography. 3. List and describe advantages and disadvantages of digital radiography. 4. Describe the legal implications of digital radiography. UNIT X INFECTION CONTROL 1. Describe the chain of infection in radiography. 2. Describe the guidelines for infection control during radiography. 3. Describe the protective barriers used in dental radiography. 4. Describe the cleaning and disinfection of dental units after radiographic procedures. 5. Describe the infection control protocol when using a daylight loader for processing radiographs. UNIT XI - EFFECTS OF RADIATION EXPOSURE 1. Explain the effects of radiation on somatic and genetic cells. 2. Describe the direct-hit theory. 3. Explain the dose-response curve. 4. Explain the difference between short-term and long-term effects of radiation.

11 UNIT XII - RADIATION PROTECTION 1. Describe the different forms of radiation measurement. 2. Define the radiation safety terminology. 3. Explain the radiation protection measures for operator and patient. 4. Describe the radiation monitoring devices and their importance in radiation safety. DNTA 1305 Class Schedule WEEK TOPIC ASSIGNMENT WEEK # 1 Tues. Intraoral Radiographic Procedures Chpt. 13,14,15 Thurs. Intraoral Rad. Procedures con t Introduction to lab and radiation health and safety procedures to be followed while in lab; position and expose incisor, canine and premolar radiographs. WEEK# 2 Tues. Intraoral Rad. Procedures con t Thurs. History of Dental Radiography Chapter 1 Position and expose premolar, molar and bitewing Radiographs; review and expose Incisors and canines as needed and time permits. WEEK# 3 Tues. History of Dental Radiography con t Thurs. Characteristics of Radiation Chapter 2 Position and expose any films necessary to complete set. FMS #1 DUE. WEEK # 4 Tues. Characteristics of Radiation con t Chapter 2 Thurs. TEST #1 Position and expose radiographs for FMS #2. WEEK # 5 Tues. X-ray Machine Components Chapter 3 Thurs. X-ray Machine Components con t Position and expose radiographs for FMS #2; FMS #2 Due WEEK # 6 Tues. Producing quality Radiographs Chapter 4 Thurs. Mounting and Introduction to Interpretation Chapter 21 Position and expose incisor, canine and Premolar radiographs using SCHICK sensor. WEEK # 7 Tues. Recognizing Normal Radiographic Anatomy Chapter 22 Thurs. Test #2 Position and expose molar and bitewing radiographs using SCHICK sensor. FMS #3 Due

12 WEEK # 8 Tues. Dental X-ray Film Chapter 7 Thurs. Dental X-ray Film con t Begin work on FMS #4; Digital, using SCHICK Sensor. WEEK # 9 Tues. Film Processing Chapter 8 Thurs. Film Processing con t Work on FMS #4; Digital, using SCHICK Sensor; FMS #4 Due. WEEK # 10 Tues. Digital Radiography Chapter 9 Thurs. Digital Radiography con t Chapter 9 Work on FMS #5; Digital, using SCANX and Phosphor plates. WEEK # 11 Tues. Test #3 Thurs. Infection Control Chapter 10 Work on FMS #5; FMS #5 Due WEEK # 12 Tues. Infection Control con t Chapter 10 Thurs. Infection Control con t Work on FMS # 6; Digital, using SCANX and phosphor plates. WEEK # 13 Tues. Effects of Radiation Exposure Chapter 5 Thurs. Effects of Radiation Exposure con t Work on FMS #6, SCANX; Set # 6 Due. WEEK # 14 Tues. Radiation Protection Chapter 6 Thurs. Radiation Protection, cont. Work on Set #7; Digital, using SCANX and phosphor plates; Set # 7 Due. WEEK # 15 Tues. Radiation Protection con t Chapter 6 Thurs. TEST # 4 Lab final WEEK # 16 FINAL EXAM

13 Houston Community College System Coleman College for Health Sciences Dental Assisting Program I hereby certify that I have read the attached course syllabus (Please print Name) and that I understand all the rules and regulations printed in this document and will adhere to these expectations. I will keep up with my grades and make an appointment with my instructor when necessary for review of my grades. I have read the course outline also attached and I understand what is expected of me throughout the term of this course, DNTA Date: (Student s Signature) Date: (Instructor s Signature)