Types of Skin Infections

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2 Anatomy of Skin

3 Types of Skin Infections Bacterial Impetigo Folliculitis Acne Fungal /Parasitic Tinea Pedis Tinea Cruris Tinea Versicolor Tinea Corporis Toenail fungus Allergic/Irritation conditions Dermatitis Eczema

4 Impetigo Superficial bacterial infection of the skin Most commonly caused by Staphylococcus or Streptococcus Thin vesicles with honey colored crusting Usually on face, hands, neck & extremities Spread occurs via contact from fingers, towels, clothing

5 Folliculitis Superficial or deep infection of the hair follicle Usually result of Staphylococcus infection May also occur as a result of contact/plugging with oil, dirt, sweat, etc Rash appears as small, dome shaped yellow pustules with a hair shaft in the center

6 Acne Obstruction of sebaceous follicles (oil glands) Open comedones or closed comedones Usually on the face, chest, back Causes: Bacteria Acne vulgaris Stressful events (hormonal changes) Friction acne

7 Tinea Pedis Fungal infection - Athlete s Foot, is caused by fungi such as Epidermophyton floccosum or fungi of the Trichophyton genus. Globally, athlete's foot affects about 15% of the population. It is a contagious skin disease that causes itching, scaling, flaking, and sometimes blistering of the affected areas.

8 Tinea Versicolor Fungal infection of the skin Multiple patchy lesions (oval shape with fine scales) either light in color or brown Typically occurs on the back, neck, chest, shoulders More prominent in the summer when the affected areas do not tan Recurrence is common.

9 Tinea Corporis Fungal infection of skin - Ring Worm Well defined circular patches with scaly borders Found on non-hairy surfaces face, arms, legs, truck Occurs after contact with another person/object that is carrying the fungus

10 Toenail Fungus Toenail fungus, or onychomycosis, is an infection underneath the surface of the nail caused by fungi. When the tiny organisms take hold, the nail often becomes darker in color and smells foul. Debris may collect beneath the nail plate, white marks frequently appear on the nail plate, and the infection is capable of spreading to other toenails, the skin, or even the fingernails.

11 Dermatitis Inflammation of the superficial dermis/epidermis Atopic Dermatitis: Heriditary disorder may also have Hx of asthma, allergic rhinitis, rash Usually along cheeks, face, trunk, extensor surfaces of extremities Dry and papular rash, scratching makes it worse, due to loss of natural oils in skin Aggravated by stress, anxiety, dry conditions Contact Dermatitis: Papular and itchy rash resulting from contact with an allergen Commonly nickel (cheap jewelry, buckles), soaps, perfumes, cosmetics, posion ivy/oak

12 Eczema Dryness of the epidermis Usually seen on extremities/trunk Worse in winter or when bath too much Rash is itchy, red, scaly, patchy with a cracked appearance Secondary bacterial infections due to scratching

13 For these types of Mixed Skin Infections Presenting

14 Anti-bacterial Anti-fungal Anti-protozoals Corticosteroids

15 Antibacterial Ofloxacin Ofloxacin is a broad spectrum fluoroquinolone group of antibiotic. It inhibits the DNA gyrase enzyme (topoisomerase-iv)and thus inhibits bacterial cell division. Among other anti-bacterials, ofloxacin offers better MIC with minimal resistance. It is effective against various type of bacterial infections such as Impetigo, Folliculitis, Acne etc.

16 Antiprotozoal - Ornidazole Ornidazole is a nitro-imidazole which has broad spectrum cidal activity against protozoa and some anerobic bacteria. It shows broad spectrum antiprotozoal activity. It exerts its action by damaging DNA and other critical biomolecules. DNA helix destabilization and strand breakage has been observed with ornidazole. It is used to treat superficial infections like trichomonas vaginitis, Giardisis, and bacterial vaginosis.

17 Anti-fungal - Terbinafine Terbinafine is mainly effective on the dermatophyte group of fungi. It is used topically for superficial skin infections such as jock itch (tinea cruris), athlete's foot (tinea pedis), and other types of ringworm (tinea corporis). Terbinafine cream works in about half the time required by other antifungals. It shows higher mycological cure rate

18 Corticosteriods Clobetasol Propionate It is a superpotent corticosteroid of the glucocorticoid class used to treat various skin disorders. clobetasol propionate has anti-inflammatory, antipruritic, and vasoconstrictive properties. It act by the induction of phospholipase A2 inhibitory proteins, collectively called lipocortins.

19 Brand Name :- Composition:- Indication:- In Mixed Skin Infections Bacterial Vaginosis Yeast vaginitis

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22 Target Doctors- 1. Cons. Dermatologists 2. ENT specialists 2. General Physicians

23 Brand Name Company name MRP Panderm plus (15 gm tube) Terbofin OC (15 gm) macleods Torque Pharma 56 INR 42INR Strobact plus Salius Pharma 54 INR