Sexually Transmitted Diseases. Ch 24

Transcription

1 Sexually Transmitted Diseases Ch 24

2 Statistics THERE ARE CURRENTLY 65 MILLION PEOPLE LIVING WITH INCURABLE STDs IN THE U.S. THERE ARE 15 MILLION NEW CASES REPORTED EACH YEAR SOURCE: CDC, 2000 REPORTS

3 WHY ARE TEENS AT RISK? Teens = 1/4 + all STD cases in US/year ~alcohol & drug use TEENS ARE MORE LIKELY TO: HAVE MULTIPLE SEX PARTNERS ENGAGE IN UNPROTECTED SEX TEENAGE GIRLS ARE MORE LIKELY TO ENGAGE IN SEXUAL RELATIONSHIPS WITH OLDER MALES TEENAGE GIRLS ARE BIOLOGICALLY MORE SUSEPTIBLE TO SOME STDs

4 Chlamydia (infection of reproductive tract) Found in vaginal fluid, semen Caused by bacterial infection incubation = 3-5 days Symptoms similar to Gonorrhea (painful urination, discharge from penis or vagina, swelling of testes) Women may be asymptomatic Treatment: Antibiotics (but frequently will reoccur) If untreated INFERTILITY Can lead to PID (infection of fallopian tubes/pelvic cavity, causing ectopic pregnancy or miscarriage) Can be passed during delivery

5 Chlamydia - Positivity among women tested in family planning clinics by age group: Region X, Percent 14 < 17 Years Years Years Years > 30 Years Note: Women who met screening criteria were tested. Source: Region X Chlamydia Project (Alaska, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington)

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9 Gonorrhea (attacks organs) Found in vaginal fluid, semen, anal fluid Caused by bacterial infection Incubation = 2-10 days Symptoms include: painful or burning sensation during urination, pus-like discharge, often asymptomatic. M: yellow discharge from penis, burning when pee, swelling of testicles F: yellow-green discharge, pain peeing, most asymptomatic Treatment: Antibiotics Untreated can lead to PID, infertility, ectopic pregnancy Can be passed during childbirth

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11 Gonorrhea - Age- and gender-specific rates: United States, 199 Men Rate (per 100,000 population) Women Age Total

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16 Syphilis direct contact with a syphilis sore during anal, vaginal, or oral sex found on the penis, vagina, anus, in the rectum, or on the lips and in the mouth. Syphilis can also be spread from an infected mother to her unborn baby. Caused by bacterial infection Incubation = 3-4 weeks First stage: Painless Chancres (hard, painful sore) on penis or inside vagina. Second stage: rashes in genitals and mouth, fever, headache. Third stage: brain, heart damage, paralysis, senility, or insanity. Irreversible damage Treatment: Antibiotics in first two stages If untreated, latent stage = temporary period of symptomless advancement of disease

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21 PUBIC LICE (crabs/scabies) Passed through direct sexual contact Parasites Condoms offer no protection! Can get from sharing bed, towel, clothing, or toilet Louse is visible to human eye Causes intense itching Treated with prescription medicated shampoo Clothing and lines must be sanitized

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25 GENITAL HERPES (common, incurable STD) Passed through genital fluids, contact with fluids inside herpes sore, through skin contact (virus released through skin). Virus passed through genital fluids Incubation = 1-3 weeks Recurring life-long infection Itching, burning, blisters on genitals Blisters break and turn into painful sores that heal in 2-3 weeks NO CURE!!! Medications to help relieve discomfort and promote faster healing

26 Genital herpes simplex virus infections - Initial visits to physicians' offices: United States, and the Healthy People year 2000 objective Visits (in thousands) Genital herpes simplex virus 2000 Objective Source: National Disease and Therapeutic Index (IMS America, Ltd.)

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32 Human Papillomavirus (HPV) (group of 100+ related viruses, effects include genital warts & cervical cancer) Passed through skin-to-skin contact Causes warts on hands, feet, genital area (contagious, wart-like growth) Incubation = 1-8 months Small, hard, painless bumps around anus or genitals (or asymptomatic) F: create cancerous/precancerous cells (+ Pap test) If untreated, can grow and develop a cauliflower-like appearance Linked to cervical cancer in women Treated with a topical cream, freezing, or surgery

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39 Trichomoniasis In women, lower genital tract (vulva, vagina, or urethra), and in men, the most commonly infected body part is the inside of the penis (urethra). During sex, the parasite is usually transmitted from a penis to a vagina, or from a vagina to a penis, but it can also be passed from a vagina to another vagina. Caused by parasite Incubation period: 3-28 days F: foul-smelling foamy, yellow-green vaginal discharge, abdominal pain, pain urinating, burning when peeing M: asymptomatic, watery discharge, burn when pee M: unknowingly transmit Treated with antibiotics, no sex until cured

40 Other Infections Yeast Infections: yeast that grows out of control in vagina Candidiasis (type of yeast) Itching, burning, swelling of genital area, white discharge Treatment: OTC antifungal Urinary Tract Infections: bacterial infection of urethra that can go to bladder & kidney Frequent, urgent painful urination, persistent urge Treatment: antibiotics

41 More Hepatitis B (inflammation of the liver) A viral STD that causes loss of liver function and severe liver disease Can lead to incurable liver cancer & death Enters body by: Unprotected oral, anal, vaginal intercourse Sharing needles, tattoos/piercing with unsterile equipment Infected blood Hep. A from contaminated food/water Tinea Cruris (jock itch/athlete s foot) Spread through direct contact with an infected person or animal Fungal infection of inner thigh & groin Intense itching From athlete s wet clothes Treatment: clean and dry, clothes off floor, OTC antifungal

42 PREVENTION!!! 1. Abstinence refraining completely from sexual relations with others 2. Monogamous sexual relations with 1 partner ONLY, exclude all others 3. Safer-sex strategies behavior guidelines that reduce STD risk, but that do not eliminate risk 1. Know infection status of partner 2. Sexual faithfulness 4. Condoms treated with spermicide (nanoxynol9 kills & weakens STD organisms) 5. Be aware of HIGH risk groups: IV drug users, anyone with previous sexual partners, not tested

43 Virus? Bacteria? Fungus? Parasite? AIDS Chlamydia Genital Herpes Human Papillomavirus Gonorrhea Pubic lice Syphilis Trichomoniasis Yeast infection (candidiasis) Virus Bacteria Virus Virus Bacteria Parasite Bacteria Parasite Fungus