Common Skin Diseases. MdAhadAli Khan Department of Pharmacy SUB
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1 Common Skin Diseases MdAhadAli Khan Department of Pharmacy SUB
2 Intact: Skin is unbroken Contusion: Injury in which skin is unbroken Excoriation: Removal of an area of the skin Abrasion: Spot rubbed bare of mucous membrane or skin, and thereby damaged Cyanosis Dusky, bluish colour usually seen in the lips and on the nail beds, caused by lack of oxygen.
3 Acne/pimples Dermatitis/eczema Cold sores Psoriasis Warts Tinea Urticaria/hives Skin cancer
4 Presence of various spots called comedones (blackheads and whiteheads), papules, pustules, and, in severe cases, nodules and cysts. Onset of puberty Over production of androgen hormones, such as testosterone are released These hormones can cause the sebaceous glands to overproduce sebum (oil) Blockage of skin pores Typical spots appear
5 Mild > Whiteheads, blackheads, or pimples Gentle cleansing with warm water and a mild soap Applying benzoyl peroxide (such as Brevoxyl or Triaz) Applying salicylic acid (such as PropapH or Stridex) an antibiotic lotion a lotion with medicine that helps to unplug your pores
6 Moderate to severe acne Applying benzoyl peroxide Draining of large pimples and cysts by a doctor Applying prescription antibiotic gels, creams, or lotions Applying prescription retinoids Applying azelaic acid Taking prescription oral antibiotics. Taking prescription oral retinoids (such as isotretinoin)
7 Treatment for acne scars Laser resurfacing or dermabrasion Plastic surgery
8 Dermatitis is inflammation of the skin (i.e. rash). Symptoms: Vary with all different forms of the condition From skin rashes to bumpy rashes or including blisters Every type of dermatitis has different symptoms - including redness of the skin, swelling, itching and skin lesions and sometimes oozing and scarring.
9 Caused by -allergen or an irritating substance. Individuals who live in urban areas with low humidity are more prone to develop this type of dermatitis. Result of a gastrointestinal condition, celiac disease. Common in infants and individuals between 30 and 70 years old. Less common type of dermatitis > no known cause > appear more frequently in middle-age people. Inflammation on the lower legs > caused by buildups of blood and fluid > occur in people with varicose. Similar to rosacea> more often in women between 20 and 60 years old. Secondary to a skin infection
10 Dermatitis treatment varies, depending on the cause. Using corticosteroid creams Applying wet compresses and avoiding irritants Some types of dermatitis, nonsteroidal medications may help relieve signs and symptoms. And for all types of dermatitis, occasional use of over-the-counter oral antihistamines can reduce itching.
11 Cold sores > called fever blisters groups of small blisters on the lip and around the mouth The skin around the blisters is often red, swollen, and sore. The blisters may break open, leak a clear fluid, and then scab over after a few days.
12 Cold Sore Causes Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Two types > type I and type II Cold sores are usually caused by type I. The exact way this happens is not clear > some conditions seem to be associated with recurrences Fever, colds, or the flu > fever blisters Ultraviolet radiation Stress Changes in the immune system Hormonal changes, such as menstruation Trauma to the skin Sometimes there is no apparent cause of the recurrence Tendency to recur in more or less the same place each time Recurrences > Once a month > Once or twice a year
13 Treatment Cold Sore Topical anesthetics to relieve burning, itching, and pain > contain benzocaine(5%-20%) > lidocaine(0.5%-4%) > tetracaine(2%) or > dibucaine(0.25%-1%) Skin protectantsto keep the lesion moist and prevent cracking of the lesion > Allantoin > Petrolatum > Dimethicone Sunscreen-containing lip balms may also help additional outbreaks if the sun is a precipitating factor.
14 For additional pain relief > Ibuprofen > acetaminophen Do notapply any topical steroids, such as hydrocortisone, to the lesions. Topical acyclovir (5% cream) or penciclovir( 1% cream) > reduce healing time by approximately half a day > decrease pain associated with the lesion > docosanol 10% cream - OTC product > decrease healing time
15 Psoriasis is inflammatory skin disease Characterizedby a red, scaly rash, which can be itchy A typical lesion is a well-defined raised plaque with a silvery scale Occurs-on the elbows, knees and in the scalp > can occur on any part of the body, including the flexures Nails to become pitted, discolored and fragile Cause Unknown > more common in some families Associated factors: Predisposal to psoriasis > trauma to the skin >Streptococcal upper respiratory infections > Stress, some medications, heavy alcohol intake and smoking
16 Oral medications > Acitretin > Cyclosporine > Methotrexate > Mycophenolate mofetil Currently available biologic (IV) drugs > Alefacep > Adalimumab > Infliximab > Etanercept > Ustekinumab Creams or lotions > Topical corticosteroids > Vitamin D analogue Calcitriol > Topical retinoids > Moisturizers > Topical immunomodulators Acrolimus Pimecrolimus > Coal tar > Cnthralinand others.
17 Small, usually painless growths on the skin Most, but not all, are generally harmless Causes, incidence, and risk factors Caused by- Human papillomavirus(hpv) Spreadfromonepartof thebodytoanother May spread from one person to another Can be - disfiguring and embarrassing, itch or hurt (particularly on the feet) Some warts spread through sex.
18 A round or oval growth on the skin with a rough surface. Spot may be lighter, darker, or black (rare) colored compared to other skin Some warts have smooth or flat surfaces Some warts cause pain, others do not
19 On the face and forehead -common in children, less common in teens, and rare in adults. On the genitals, in the pubic area, and in the area between the thighs, but they can also appear inside the vagina and anal canal. On the soles of the feet. They can be very painful. Under and around the fingernails or toenails.
20 Freezing (cryotherapy, or liquid nitrogentherapy) Liquid nitrogen > destroy wart by freezing Minorsurgery Cutting away the wart tissue or burning itwithelectricity
21 Skin infection > fungus > several patches of ringworm on skin appear at once. Causes, incidence, and risk factors Common - among children May affect people of all ages It is caused by a fungus, not a worm like the name suggests. Bacteria and fungi > Some are useful > Others cause infections
22
23 Ringworm occurs when a type of fungus called tineagrows and multiplies on your skin. Ringworkcan affect the skin on your: Beard -- tinea barbae Body -- tinea corporis Feet --tineapedis/ athlete's foot Groin area -- tinea cruris/jock itch Scalp -- tinea capitis
24 Canspread >onepersontoanother> Contagious If touch someone who has the infection If come into contact with items contaminated by the fungus >combs > unwashed clothing > shower or pool surfaces From pets that carry the fungus Cats are common carriers Fungus that causes ringworm thrive in warm, moist areas. Morelikely >oftenwet(suchasfromsweating) > from minor injuries to your skin, scalp, or nails.
25 Ringworm Treatments- Topical Antifungal medications - miconazole, clotrimazole, terbinafine, butenafine and tolnaftate Ketoconazole-containing medicines are very effective in the treatment for ringworm. Hydrochloride cream Ringworm Treatments Oral Oral Lamisil and Griseofulvin Some oral treatments for ringworm have many sideeffects and they aren't recommended for longterm use
26
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