DAFTAR PUSTAKA. American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Melitus. Diabetes Care.27: suppl.1:s5 S10.

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1 98 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Abboud, H. Labreuche,J., Duyckaerts, C., Hauw, and J.J., Amarenco, P Prevalence of Nephroangiosclerosis in Patients With Fatal Stroke. Neurology. 72: Adams, H.P., del Zoppo,G., Alberts, M.J.,Bhatt,D.L., Brass,L., and Furlan A., et al Guidelines for the Early Management of Adults With lschemic Stroke. A Guideline From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council,Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care Outcomes in research Interdisciplinary Working Groups. Stroke.38: Air,E.L., and Kissela, B.M Diabetes the Metabolic Syndrome and Ischemic Stroke: Epidemiolgoy and Possible Mechanisms. Diabetes Care. 36: Almdal, T., Scharling, H., Jesen, J.S., and Verstergaard, H The Independent Effect of Tpe 2 Diabetes Mellitus on Ischemic Heart Disease, Stroke, and Death. A Population-Based Study of Man and Woman With 20 Years of Follow Up. Arch Intern Med. 164: American Diabetes Association Diagnosis and Classification of Diabetes Melitus. Diabetes Care.27: suppl.1:s5 S10. American Diabetes Association International Expert Committee Recommends New Way to Diagnose Diabetes. Available from : Banks, J.L., and Marotta, C.A Outcomes Validity and Reability Modified Rankin Scale: lmplications for Stroke Clinical Trials. A Literature Review and Synthesis. Stroke. 38: Beckman, J.A., Creager, M.A., and Libby,P Diabetes and Atherosclerosis. Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, and Management. JAMA. 287: Blecic, S.A and Devuyst, G General Management of Acute Stroke. In : Fisher, M. (ed). Stroke Therapy. pp Buterworth- Heinemann, Boston.

2 99 Bravata, D.M., Kim,N. Concato, and J. Brass, L.M Hyperglicemia in Patiets with Acute Ischemic Stroke : how often do we screen for undiagnose diabetes?. Q J Med.96: Buchman, A.S., Tanne, D., Boyle, P.A., Shah, R.C., Leurgans, S.E.,and Bennet, D.A Kidney function is associated with the rate of cognitive decline in the elderly. Neurology. 73: Calles - Escandon, J. and Cipolla, M Diabetes and Endothelial Dysfunction: A Clinical Perspective. Endocrine Reviews. 22 (1):36-52 Caplan, L.R Caplan s Stroke : A Clinical Approach. 3 rd ed. Butterworth Heinemann. Boston. Culleton, B.F., Larson, M.G., Wilson P.W.F., Evans, J.C., Parfrey, P.S., and Levy, D Cardiovascular disease and mortality in a community-based cohort with mild renal insufficiency. Kidney Int. 56: Davis, S.M Endpoint and Statistical Concerns for Acute Stroke Therapy Trials. In: Fisher, M., (ed). Stroke Therapy.pp Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston. Davis, T.M.E., Millns, H., Stratton, I.M., Holman,R.R., and Turner, R.C Risk Factors for Stroke in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) 29. Arch Intern Med. 159: De Freitas, G.R., Bezerra, D.C., Maulaz, A.B., and Bogousslavsky, J Stroke: background, epidemiology, etiology and avoiding recurrence. In : Barnes,M. Dobkin, B., Bogousslavsky, J. (eds). Recovery after Stroke. pp1 46. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. De Leeuw, P.W., Thijs, L., Bikenhager, W.H., Voyaki, S.M., Efstratopoulus, A.D., and Fagard, R.H., et al Prognostic Significance of Renal Function in Elderly Patients with Isolated Systolic Hypertension: Results from the Syst-Eur Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol.13: Eppens, M.C., Craig, M.E., Cusumano, J. Hing, S., Chan, A.K.F., and Howard, N.J., et al Prevalence of Diabetes Complication in Adolescents With Type 2 Compared with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Care.29 :

3 100 Elsayed, E.F., Tighiouart, H., Griffith, J., Kurth, T., Levey, A.S., and Salem D., et al Cardiovascular Diseaseand Subsequent Kidney Disease. Arch Intern Med.167: Fitzsimmons, B.M Cerebrovascular Disease: Ischemic Stroke. In: Brust, J.C.M., (ed). Current Diagnosis and treatment in Neurology. pp Mc Graw-Hill. New York. Fox, C.S., Larson, M.G., Leip, E.P. Culleton, B., Wilson, P.W.F.W., and Levy, D Predictors of new onset Kidney Disesae in a community Based Population. JAMA. 291: Fuentes B., Castillo J., San Jose B., Leira R., Serena J., and Vivancos J., et al The Prognostic Value of Capillary Glucosa Levels in Acute Stroke. Stroke. 40: Gilroy, J. Basic Neurology rd ed. MGraw-Hill. New York. Goldstein, D.E., Little, R.R., Lorenz, R.A., Malone, J.I., Nathan, D., and Peterson, C.M Test of Glycemia in Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 27: Hsu,C.Y., Iribarren, C., Mc Culloch, C.E., Darbinian, J., and Go, A.S Risk Factors for End-Stage Renal Disease. Arc Intern med. 169 (4): Ikram, M.A., Vernooij, M.W., Hofman, A., Niessen, W.J., Van der Lugt, A., and Breteler, M.M.B Kidney Function is Related to cerebral small Vessel disease. stroke. 39: Janghorbani, M., Hu, F.B., Willet, W.C., Li, T.Y., Manson, J.E., Logroscino, G., and Rexrode, K.M Prospective Study of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes and Risk of stroke Subtypes. Diabetes Care. 30: Janis, J Pengantar Computerized Tomograph CT Scan. Dalam : Rasyid, A., Soertidewi, L. (eds). Unit Stroke. Manajemen Stroke Secara Komphresif. pp Balai Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Kagasky, N., Levy, S., and Knobler, H The Role of Hyperglycemia in Acute Stroke. Arch Neurol. 58: Kalyani, R.R., Saudek, C.C., and Brancati, F.L., Selvin, E Association of Diabetes, Comorbidities, and A1c With Functional Disability in Older Adults. Diabetes Care.33:

4 101 Kelly-Hayes,M., Roberson, J.T., Broderick, J.P., Duncan, P.W., Hershey,L.A., and Roth, E.J., et al The American heart Association Stroke Outcome Classification. Stroke. 29: Kissela,B.M., Khoury,J., Kleindorfer,D., Woo, D., Schneider, A., and Alwell, K., et al. Epidemiology of Ischemic Stroke in Patients With Diabetes Diabetes Care. 28: Koren-Morag N., Goldbourt, U., and Tane, D Renal dysfunction and risk of ischemic stroke or TIA in patients with cardiovascular disease. Neurology.67: Kwon,S., Hatzema, A.G., Duncan, P.W., and Lai S.M Disability Measures in Stroke. Stroke. 35: Lorenz, R.A., Malone, J.I., Nathan, D., Peterson, C.M Test of Glycemia in Diabetes. Diabetes care. 27: Luscher, T.F., and Creager, M.A Diabetes and Vascular Disease Pathophysiology, Clinical Consequences, and Medical Therapy: Part II. Circulation. 108: Madison, J.R., Spies, C., Schatz, I.J., Masaki, K., Chen, R., and Yano, K., et al Proteinuria and Risk for Stroke and Coronary Heart Disease During 27 Years of Follow-up. Arc Intern Med.166: Madiyono, B., Moeslichan, Mz.S., Budiman,I., dan Purwanto,S.H Perkiraan Besar Sampel. Dalam : Sastroasmoro, S., Ismael, D., editor. Dasar-dasar Metodologi Penelitian Klinis. Hal Binarupa Asmara. Jakarta. Manji, H., Conolly,S., Dorward,N., Kitcqhen, N., Mehta, A., and Wills, A Oxford Handbook of Neurology. Oxford University Press. New York. Magherbi, S., Milan,C., Minier,D., Couvreur, G., Osseby, G., and Tilling, K., et al Association Between Diabetes and Stroke Subtype on Survival and Functional Outcome 3 Months After Stroke Data From the European BIOMED Stroke Project. Stroke. 34: McGraw-Hill Concise Dictionary of Modern Medicine available from : Medline Plus Available from : /ency / article / htm).

5 102 Medline Plus Chronic Kidney Disease. Available from: Misbach, J Stroke Aspek Dianostik, Patofisiologi, Manajemen. Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Indonesia. Jakarta. Misbach, J Pandangan umum mengenai stroke. Dalam : Rasyid, A., Soertidewi, L. (eds). Unit Stroke. Manajmen Stroke Secara Komphresif. pp Balai Penerbit Universitas Indonesia. Muntner, P., Coresh, J., Smith, J.C., Eckfeldt, J., and Klag, M.J Plasma lipids and risk of developing renal dysfunction: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study. Kidney Int.58 : Nakayama M., Metoki, H., Terawaki, H., Ohkubo, T., Kikuya, M., and Sato, T., et al Kidney dysfunction as a risk factor for first symptomatic stroke events in a general Japanese population the Ohasama study. Nephrol Dial Transplant.22: Ovbiagele, B Impairment in Glomerular Filtration Rate or Glomerular Filtration Barrier and Occurrence of Stroke. Arch Neurol.65 : Pantano, P., Caramia., F., Bozzao, L., Dieler, C and von Kummer, R Delayed Increase in Infarct Volume after Cerebral Ischemia : Correlation with Thrombolytic Treatment and Clinical Outcome. Sroke. 30: Parikh, N., Shih-Jen, H., Larson, M.G., Meigs, J.B., Levy, D., and Fox, C.S Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in Chronic Kidney Disease. Arch Intern Med 166: Perkeni Konsensus Pengelolaan dan Pencegahan Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2 di Indonesia. Jakarta. Prodjosudjadi, W.,Suhardjono, Suwitra, K., Prawana, Widiana, I.G.D., Loekman, J.S., and Nainggolan, G., et al Detection and prevention of chronic kidney disease in Indonesia: Initial community screening. Nephrology.14: Reeves, M.J., Vaidya, R.S., Fonarow, G.C., Liang L., Smith,E.E., and Matulonis, R., et al. Quality of Care and Outcomes in Patients UIT Diabetes Hospitalized With Ischemic Stroke Stroke.41:e409- e417. Rodriguez-Yanez M., Castellanos, M., Blanco, M., Millan, M., Nombela,F., and Sobrino, T., et al Micro-and macroalbuminuria predict

6 103 hemorrhagic transformation in acute ischemic stroke.neurology.67: Rosamond, W., Flegal, K., Friday, G., Furie, K., Go, A., and Greenlund, K Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation. 115: Ryden, L., Standl, E., Bartnik, M., Van de Barghe, G., Beteridge, J., and de Boer, M., et al Guideline on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. European Heart Journal suplement. 9:3 74. Sacco, R.L. and Boden-Albala,B Stroke Risk Factors: Identification and Modification. In: Fisher, M., (ed). Stroke Therapy. 2 nd ed. pp Butterworth-Heinemann. Boston. Sarnak, M.J., Levey, A.S., Schoolwerth, A.C., Coresh, J., Culleton, B., and Hamm, L.L.,et al Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Development of Cardiovascular Disease. Circulation.108: Schiffrin,E.L., Lipman, M.L., and Man J.F.E Chronic Kidney Disease Effects on the Cardiovascular System.116: Schillaci, G., Reboldi, G., and Verdecchia, P High-Normal Serum Creatinine Concentration Is a Predictor of Cardiovascular Risk in Essential Hypertension. Arch Intern Med.161: Schle, D., Kolb, S.J., Luciano, J.M., Tovar, J.M., Cucchiara, B.L., Liebeskind, D.S., and Kasner, S.E Utility of the NIH Stroke Scale as predictor of Hospital Disposition. Stroke.34 : Shlipak,M.G., Fried, L.F., Crump,C., Bleyer, A.J., Manolio, T.A., and Tracy, R.P Elevations of Inflammatory and Procoagulant Biomarkers in Elderly Persons With Renal Insufficiency. Circulation.107: Sjahrir, H Stroke Iskemik. Yandira Agung. Medan. Stratton, I.M., Adler, A.I., Neil, H.A.W., Matthews, D.R., Manley, S.E., and Cull. C.A., et al Association of glycaemia with macrovascular and microvascular complications of type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 35): prospective observational study. BMJ. 321: Sulter, G., Stee, C., and Keyser, J.D Use of Barthel Index and Modified Rankin Scale in Acute Stroke Trials. Stroke. 30:

7 104 Waspadji,S. Komplikasi Kronik Diabetes:Pengenalan dan penanganannya. Dalam : Sudyo, A.W., Setiyohadi, A.W., Alwi, I., Setiati, S. (eds). Buku Ajar Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. 3th ed. pp Balai Penerbit Fakultas Kedokteran Indonesia Universitas Indonesia. William, L.S., Yilmaz, E.Y., and Yunez, A.M.L Retrospective Assesment of Initial Stroke Severity With the NIH Stroke Scale. Stroke. 31: Weiner, D.E., Tighiouart, H., Amin, M.G., Stark, P.C., Macleod, B., and Griffith, J.L., et al Chronic Kidney Disease as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Disease and All-Cause Mortality: A Pooled Analysis of Community-Based Studies. J Am Soc Nephrol.15: Yahalom, G., Schwartz, R., Schwamental, Y., Merzeliak, O., Toashi, M., and Orion, D., et al Chronic Kidney Disease and Clinical Outcome in Patients Wih Acute Stroke. Stroke. 40: Young, F.B., Weir, C.J., and Lees, K.R Comparison of the National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale with Disability Outcome Measures in Acute Stroke Trials. stroke. 36: Yuyun, M.F., Khaw, K.T., Luben, R., Welch, A., Day, N.E., and Wareham, N.J Microalbuminuria and stroke in a British population: the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer in Norfolk (EPIC- Norfolk) population study. J Intern Med.255:

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