Statistical Fact Sheet Populations

Transcription

1 Statistical Fact Sheet Populations At-a-Glance Summary Tables Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Mexican- American Males Diseases and Risk Factors Total Population Total Males White Males Black Males Total CVD Prevalence M (34.2%) 32.5 M (34.45%) 34.3% 41.1% 29.2% Mortality K K K 49.0 K Coronary Heart Disease Prevalence 2002 CHD 13.0 M (6.9%) 7.1 M (8.4%) 8.9% 7.4% 5.6% Prevalence 2002 MI 7.1 M (3.5%) 4.1 M (5.0%) 5.1% 4.5% 3.4% Prevalence 2002 AP 6.4 M (3.8%) 3.1 M (4.2%) 4.5% 3.1% 2.4% New and recurrent CHD* 1.2 M K K 65.0 K New and recurrent MI K K Incidence AP (stable angina) K Mortality 2002 CHD K K K 24.3 K Mortality 2002 MI K 93.8 K 83.3 K 8.7 K Stroke Prevalence M (2.6%) 2.4 M (2.5%) 2.3% 4.0% 2.6% New and recurrent attacks K K K 50.0 K Mortality K 62.6 K 53.0 K 7.8 K High Blood Pressure Prevalence M (32.3%) 29.4M 30.6% 41.8% 27.8% Mortality K 20.5 K 14.7 K 5.3 K Congestive Heart Failure Prevalence M (2.3%) 2.4 M (2.6%) 2.5% 3.1% 2.7% Mortality K 19.8 K 17.8 K 1.8 K Tobacco Prevalence M (22.8%) 25.6 M (25.2%) 25.1% 27.6% Blood Cholesterol Prevalence 2001: Total cholesterol 200 mg/dl M (50.7%) 50.4 M (50.4%) 51.0% 37.3% 54.3% Total cholesterol 240 mg/dl M (18.3%) 16.9 M (17.2%) 17.8% 10.6% 17.8% LDL cholesterol 130 mg/dl M (45.8%) 48.6 M (48.5%) 49.6% 46.3% 43.6% HDL cholesterol <40 mg/dl 54.7 M (26.4%) 39.0 M (39.0%) 40.5% 24.3% 40.1% Physical Inactivity Prevalence % 35.8% 34.4% 45.1% Overweight and Obesity Prevalence 2002: Overweight BMI 25.0 or higher M (65.1%) 68.6 M (68.8%) 69.4% 62.9% 73.1% Obesity BMI 30.0 or higher 63.1 M (30.4%) 27.5 M (27.6%) 28.2% 27.9% 27.3% Diabetes Mellitus Prevalence 2002: Physician-diagnosed diabetes 13.9 M (6.7%) 6.8 M (7.2%) 6.2% 10.3% 10.4% Undiagnosed diabetes 5.9 M (2.8%) 2.9 M (2.9%) 3.0% 1.3% 3.5% Pre-diabetes 14.5 M (7.0%) 8.5 M (8.9%) 8.6% 8.3% 8.7% Incidence 1.3M Mortality (diabetes) 73.2 K 34.3 K 28.1 K 5.2 K Note: AP = angina pectoris (chest pain); BMI = body mass index; CHD = coronary heart disease; includes heart attack, angina pectoris (chest pain) or both; CVD = cardiovascular disease; K = thousands; M = millions; MI = myocardial infarction (heart attack); mg/dl = milligrams per deciliter; ( ) = data not available. * New and recurrent heart attacks and fatal CHD. Sources: See summary tables for each chapter in this publication. For data on men in other ethnic groups, see other chapters and Statistical Fact Sheets. 2004, American Heart Association, americanheart.org. For more information, call AHA-USA1

2 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 2 Cardiovascular Disease Mortality Trends for Males and Females United States: Note: Death rates are age-adjusted per 100,000 population, based on the 2000 U.S. standard. Some data are reported according to ICD/9 codes and some use ICD/10 codes. Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) (ICD/10 codes I00-I99, Q20-Q28) (ICD/9 codes , ) One in four males has some form of cardiovascular disease. In 2002 cardiovascular disease caused the deaths of 433,825 males and 493,623 females. These data are preliminary. Males represent 46.8 percent of deaths from CVD. Cancer killed 288,768 males in The 2002 overall preliminary death rate from CVD was Death rates were for white males for black males. In 2002 cardiovascular disease was the first listed diagnosis of 3,209,000 males discharged from short-stay hospitals. Discharges include people both living and dead.

3 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 3 Leading Causes of Death for White Males United States: 2002 Note: Total CVD = Cardiovascular diseases including congenital cardiovascular defects. Using the combined Diseases of the Heart and Stroke category, which represents about 90 percent of total CVD, the percentage would be Leading Causes of Death for Black Males United States: 2002 Note: Total CVD = Cardiovascular diseases including congenital cardiovascular defects. Using the combined Diseases of the Heart and Stroke category, which represents about 90 percent of total CVD, the percentage would be 30.6.

4 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 4 Leading Causes of Death for Hispanic or Latino Males United States: 2002 Note: Mortality data for Hispanics include all persons of Hispanic origin of any race. The combined Diseases of the Heart and Stroke category represents about 90 percent of Total Cardiovascular Disease. Leading Causes of Death for Asian/Pacific Islander Males United States:2002 Note This Asian/Pacific Islander category includes people at high CVD risk (South Asian) and people at low CVD risk (Japanese). More specific data on these groups arenʼt available. The combined Diseases of the Heart and Stroke category represents about 90 percent of Total Cardiovascular Disease.

5 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 5 Leading Causes of Death for American Indian/Alaska Native Males United States: 2002 Note: The combined Diseases of the Heart and Stroke category represents about 90 percent of Total Cardiovascular Disease. Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer for White Males by Age United States:2001 Note: Total CVD = Cardiovascular diseases including congenital cardiovascular defects.

6 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 6 Deaths From Cardiovascular Diseases and Cancer for Black Males by Age United States: 2001 Note: Total CVD = Cardiovascular diseases including congenital cardiovascular defects. Based on the NHLBIʼs Framingham Heart Study (FHS) in its 44-year follow-up of participants and the 20-year follow-up of their offspring... The average annual rates of first major cardiovascular events rise from seven per 1,000 men at ages to 68 per 1,000 at ages For women, comparable rates occur 10 years later in life. The gap narrows with advancing age. Under age 75, a higher proportion of CVD events due to coronary heart disease (CHD) occur in men than in women, and a higher proportion of events due to congestive heart failure (CHF) occur in women than in men. (Hurst W. The Heart, Arteries and Veins. 10 th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2002) Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) (ICD/10 codes I20-I25) (ICD/9 codes , 429.2) About 7.1 million males alive today have a history of heart attack, angina pectoris (chest pain or discomfort caused by reduced blood supply to the heart muscle) or both. Of these, about 4.1 million have a history of myocardial infarction (MI) (heart attack). This year an estimated 715,000 men will have a new or recurrent coronary attack. Of these, about 520,000 will have a heart attack (MI). (ARIC [ ], NHLBI) The average age-adjusted incidence rates per 1,000 person-years in men are 12.5 for whites for blacks. Incidence rates excluding revascularization procedures are 7.9 for whites. 9.2 for blacks. Hypertension is a particularly powerful risk factor for CHD in blacks, especially in black women. Diabetes is a weaker predictor of CHD in blacks than in whites. (ARIC, NHLBI, Arch Intern Med. 2002;162: )

7 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 7 Among Americans ages 40-74, NHANES data found the age-adjusted prevalence of selfreported MI and ECG-MI (verified by electrocardiogram) to be higher among men than women, but angina prevalence to be higher in women than men. Age-adjusted rates of selfreported MI increased among African-American men and women and Mexican-American men, but decreased among white men and women. (Ethnicity & Disease, Vol.13, p.85-93, 2003) The annual rates per 1,000 population of new heart attack (MI) or CHD death in non-black men are 19.2 for ages for ages for age 85 and older. For black men the rates are 21.6 for ages for ages for age 85 and older. (CHS [ ], NHLBI) The average age of a person having a first heart attack is 65.8 for men and 70.4 for women. (ARIC and CHS, NHLBI) Based on the NHLBIʼs FHS in its 44-year follow-up of participants and the 20-year follow-up of their offspring... CHD comprises more than half of all cardiovascular events in men and women under age 75. The lifetime risk of developing CHD after age 40 is 49 percent for men and 32 percent for women. The incidence of CHD in women lags behind men by 10 years for total CHD and by 20 years for more serious clinical events such as MI and sudden death. (Hurst W. The Heart, Arteries and Veins. 10 th ed. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill; 2002) Among American Indian men ages 65-74, the rate per 1000 population of incident heart attack is 6.8. (SHS [ ], NHLBI) CHD is the single leading cause of death of American males, killing 252,760 in This represents 51.1 percent of deaths from CHD. The 2002 overall CHD death rate was Death rates were for white males and for black males. 25 percent of males who have a recognized MI (heart attack) die within a year compared with 38 percent of women. (FHS, NHLBI) 50 percent of men who died suddenly of CHD had no previous symptoms. (FHS, NHLBI) Within six years after a recognized heart attack, 18 percent of men will have another attack, eight percent will have a stroke, seven percent will experience sudden cardiac death and 22 percent will be disabled with heart failure. (FHS, NHLBI)

8 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 8 1,249,000 males diagnosed with CHD were discharged from short-stay hospitals in From 1970 to 2002 discharges for males increased 60 percent. Angina Pectoris (ICD/10 code I20) (ICD/9 code 413) Among men age 20 and older, the following have angina: 4.5 percent of non-hispanic whites. 3.1 percent of non-hispanic blacks. 2.4 percent of Mexican Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) The annual rates per 1,000 population of new and recurrent episodes of angina in non-black men are 44.3 for ages for ages for age 85 and older. For black men in these age groups the rates are 26.1 for ages for ages for age 85 and older. (CHS, NHLBI) About 23,000 males diagnosed with angina were discharged from short-stay hospitals in Stroke (ICD/10 codes I60-I69) (ICD/9 codes ) An estimated 2.4 million male stroke survivors are alive today. Among men age 20 and older, the following have had a stroke: 2.3 percent of non-hispanic whites. 4.0 percent of non-hispanic blacks. 2.6 percent of Mexican Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) The prevalence of transient ischemic attack (TIA or mini-stroke) in men is 2.7 percent for ages percent for ages (CHS, NHLBI) The annual rate per 1000 population of new and recurrent strokes in American Indian men ages is (Strong Heart Study Data Book, NIH, NHLBI, Nov. 2001) 2002 final stroke mortality was 62,622 for males (38.5 percent of total stroke deaths). The 2002 overall death rate for stroke was Death rates were 54.2 for white males for black males. 51 percent of men under age 65 who have a stroke die within 8 years.

9 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 9 In 2002, 432,000 males were discharged from short-stay hospitals after having a stroke. High Blood Pressure (HBP) (ICD/10 codes I10-I15) (ICD/9 codes ) Nearly one in three American adults has HBP. (Hypertension.2002;44:1-7) A higher percentage of men than women have HBP until age 55. After that a much higher percentage of women than men have HBP. (CDC/NCHS) Among men age 20 and older, the following have HBP: 30.6 percent of whites percent of blacks percent of Mexican Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Prevalence of High Blood Pressure in Americans Age 20 and Older by Age and Sex NHANES:

10 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 10 Age-Adjusted Prevalence Trends for High Blood Pressure in Americans Ages by Race/Ethnicity, Sex and Survey NHANES: , and Data based on a single measure of blood pressure. Health, United States, 2003 and In 2002, 20,512 males died from high blood pressure. They represented 41.3 percent of the deaths from HBP. The 2002 overall death rate from HBP was Death rates were 14.4 for white males for black males. As many as 30 percent of all deaths in hypertensive black men may be due to HBP. (JNC V and VI) 224,000 males diagnosed with HBP were discharged from short-stay hospitals in Congenital Cardiovascular Defects (ICD/10 codes Q20-Q28) (ICD/9 codes ) The 2001 overall death rate for congenital cardiovascular defects was 1.5. Death rates were 1.6 for white males. 2.0 for black males. Crude infant death rates (under 1 year) were 44.0 for white babies and 56.2 for black babies. Some types of defects occur more commonly in females or males. 25,000 males were discharged from short-stay hospitals in 2002 with a diagnosis of congenital cardiovascular defects. Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) (ICD/10 code I50.0) (ICD/9 code 428.0) About 2,400,000 males alive today have CHF. The annual rates per 1,000 population of new and recurrent CHF events in non-black men are

11 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics for ages for ages for age 85 and older. For black men the rates are 21.1 for ages for ages for age 85 and older. (CHS, NHLBI) In 2001, 19,805 males died of congestive heart failure (38 percent of deaths from CHF). The 2001 overall death rate from CHF was Death rates were 19.6 for white males for black males. Based on 1971 to 1996 data from the NHLBI s FHS: At age 40, the lifetime risk of CHF for both men and women is one in five. At age 40, the lifetime risk of CHF occurring without antecedent MI is one in nine for men. The lifetime risk doubles for subjects with blood pressure of greater than 160/90 vs. those with pressure less than 140/90 mm Hg. (Circulation. 2002;106: ) 441,000 males were discharged from short-stay hospitals in 2002 with a diagnosis of CHF. Kawasaki Disease (ICD/10 code M30.3) (ICD/9 code 446.1) Kawasaki disease occurs more often among boys (63 percent) and among those of Asian ancestry. Rheumatic Fever/Rheumatic Heart Disease (RF/RHD) (ICD/10 codes I00-I09) (ICD/9 codes ) 2002 final mortality showed 1,078 male deaths from rheumatic fever and rheumatic heart disease. This represents 30 percent of deaths from RF/RHD. The 2002 overall death rate for RF/RHD was 1.2. Death rates were 0.9 for white males. 0.8 for black males. Tobacco Smoke Among Americans age 18 and older, 26.3 million men (25.2 percent) are smokers. (Health, United States, 2004, CDC/NCHS) Among men age 18 and older, the following are smokers: 25.2 percent of whites percent of blacks or African Americans percent of Hispanics or Latinos percent of Asians only.

12 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics percent of American Indians/Alaska Natives only. (Health, United States, 2003 and 2004, CDC/NCHS) About five million American men and women use chewing tobacco. The prevalence varies widely by region and sociodemographic factors. Rates are highest in the South and rural areas. Men use chewing tobacco at 10 times the rate for women. For men, the percentages who use chewing tobacco are 6.8 for whites, 3.1 for blacks, 1.5 for Hispanics, 1.2 for Asian/Pacific Islanders and 7.8 for American Indians/Alaska Natives. Use rates increase as years of education decrease for both men and women. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS) High Blood Cholesterol and Other Lipids Among children and adolescents ages 4-19, the mean total blood cholesterol level is 165 mg/dl. For boys itʼs 163 mg/dl and for girls itʼs 167 mg/dl. The racial/ethnic breakdown is: 162 mg/dl for non-hispanic white boys. 168 mg/dl for non-hispanic black boys. 163 mg/dl for Mexican-American boys. (NHANES IV [ ], CDC/NCHS) In 2002, 50.4 million adult men had total blood cholesterol levels of 200 mg/dl or higher. In adults, total cholesterol levels of 240 mg/dl or higher are considered high risk. Levels from 200 to 239 mg/dl are considered borderline-high risk. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Among men age 20 and older, the following have total blood cholesterol levels over 200 mg/dl: 51 percent of whites. 37 percent of blacks. 54 percent of Mexicans. Of these, the following have levels of 240 mg/dl or higher: 18 percent of whites only. 11 percent of blacks or African Americans only. 18 percent of Mexicans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Among men age 20 and older, the prevalences with an LDL cholesterol of 130 mg/dl or higher are 49.6 percent of non-hispanic whites percent of non-hispanic blacks percent of Mexican Americans.

13 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 13 Of these, an LDL cholesterol of 160 mg/dl or higher is found in 20.4 percent of non-hispanic whites percent of non-hispanic blacks percent of Mexican Americans. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL or bad) cholesterol levels of mg/dl are considered borderline high. Levels of mg/dl are classified as high, and levels of 190 mg/dl or higher are very high. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS) Among men age 20 and older, the prevalences with an HDL cholesterol less than 40 mg/dl are 40.5 percent of non-hispanic whites percent of non-hispanic blacks percent of Mexican Americans. High-density lipoprotein (HDL or good) cholesterol levels of less than 40 mg/dl are associated with a higher risk of coronary heart disease. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS) Physical Inactivity Among men age 18 and older, the following are sedentary (have no leisure-time physical activity): 34.4 percent of white only percent of black or AA only percent of Hispanic or Latino percent of Asian only percent of American Indian or Alaska Native only percent of Native Hawaiian or other Pacific Islander. Data are age-adjusted. (NHIS [ ], CDC/NCHS) Overweight and Obesity Among children ages 6-11, the following are overweight or obese, using the 95 th percentile of body mass index (BMI) values on the CDC 2000 growth chart: 14.0 percent of non-hispanic white boys percent of non-hispanic black boys percent of Mexican-American boys. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Among adolescents ages 12-19, the following are overweight or obese, using the 95 th percentile of BMI values on the CDC 2000 growth chart: 14.6 percent of non-hispanic white boys percent of non-hispanic black boys percent of Mexican-American boys. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Among men age 18 and older, the following are overweight or obese (BMI of 25 kg/m 2 or higher): 65.2 percent of Hispanic or Latino percent of Asian.

14 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 14 (NHIS [2002], CDC/NCHS) Among men age 20 and older, the following are overweight or obese (BMI of 25.0 kg/m 2 and higher): 69.4 percent of non-hispanic whites percent of non-hispanic blacks percent of Mexican Americans. Of these, the following are obese (BMI of 30.0 kg/m 2 and higher): 28.2 percent of non-hispanic whites percent of non-hispanic blacks percent of Mexican Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Age-Adjusted Prevalence of Obesity in Americans Ages by Sex and Survey NHES ; NHANES : , , and Note: Obesity is defined as a BMI (body mass index) of 30.0 and higher. Source: Respective health examination surveys, CDC/NCHS. Diabetes Mellitus (ICD/10 codes E10-E14) (ICD/9 code 250) Of the estimated 13.9 million Americans with physician-diagnosed diabetes, about 6.8 million are male. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) In the total population age 20 and older, 7.2 percent of men have physician-diagnosed diabetes. The prevalences are 6.2 percent of non-hispanic whites percent of non-hispanic blacks percent of Mexican-Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Of the estimated 5.9 million Americans with undiagnosed diabetes, about 2.9 million are male.

15 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 15 In the total population age 20 and older, 2.9 percent of men have undiagnosed diabetes, using American Diabetes Association criteria of fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or more. The prevalences are 3.0 percent of non-hispanic whites. 1.3 percent of non-hispanic blacks. 3.5 percent of Mexican Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted based on glucose tests of persons not previously diagnosed by a physician. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) Of the estimated 14.5 million Americans with pre-diabetes, about 8.5 million are male. In the total population age 20 and older, 8.5 percent of men have pre-diabetes, using American Diabetes Association criteria of fasting plasma glucose of 110 to less than 126 mg/dl. The prevalences are 8.6 percent of non-hispanic whites. 8.3 percent of non-hispanic blacks. 8.7 percent of Mexican Americans. Estimates are age-adjusted. (NHANES [ ], CDC/NCHS) In 2002 diabetes killed 34,301 males (46.8 percent of deaths from diabetes). The 2002 overall death rate from diabetes was Death rates were 26.8 for white males for black males. 283,000 males diagnosed with diabetes mellitus were discharged from short-stay hospitals in Metabolic Syndrome ATP III defines the metabolic syndrome as three or more of the following abnormalities: Waist circumference greater than 102 cm (40 inches) in men and 88 cm (35 inches) in women. Serum triglyceride level of 150 mg/dl or higher. High-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level less than 40 mg/dl in men and less than 50 mg/dl in women. Blood pressure of 130/85 mm Hg or higher. Fasting glucose level of 110 mg/dl or higher. The age-adjusted prevalence of the metabolic syndrome for adults is 23.7 percent. For men the age-adjusted prevalence is Among African Americans, women have about a 57 percent higher prevalence than men. Among Mexican Americans, women have a 26 percent higher prevalence than men. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS, JAMA. 2002;287: ) The prevalences of men with the metabolic syndrome are 24.3 percent of whites percent of blacks.

16 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics percent of Mexican Americans. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS, Arch Intern Med. 2003;163) Nutrition In the mean dietary intakes of energy and 10 key nutrients for men were Calories: 2,475 (kcal) Protein: 14.9 percent of calories Carbohydrate: 50.9 percent of calories Total fat: 32.7 percent of calories Saturated fat: 11.2 percent of calories Cholesterol: 307 mg Calcium: 966 mg Folate: 405 micrograms (mcg) Iron: 17.2 mg Zinc: 13.3 mg Sodium: 3,877 mg (NHANES IV [ ] CDC/NCHS, 2003) The average daily intake of total fat in the United States is 81.4 grams (g). For males the averages are 96.5 g overall g for non-hispanic whites g for non-hispanic blacks g for Mexican Americans. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS) The average daily intake of saturated fat in the United States is 27.9 grams. For males the averages are 33.1 g overall g for non-hispanic whites g for non-hispanic blacks g for Mexican Americans. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS) The recommended daily intake of dietary cholesterol for adults is less than 300 milligrams (mg). The average daily intake of dietary cholesterol in the United States is mg. For males the averages are mg overall mg for non-hispanic whites mg for non-hispanic blacks mg for Mexican Americans. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS) The recommended daily intake of dietary fiber is 25 grams or more. Americans consume a daily average of 15.6 grams of dietary fiber. For males the averages are 17.8 g overall g for non-hispanic whites g for non-hispanic blacks g for Mexican Americans. (NHANES III [ ], CDC/NCHS)

17 Men and Cardiovascular Diseases Statistics 17 Surgery In 2002, 72 percent of bypass and 66 percent of PTCA procedures were performed on men. Bypass data represent a combination of code and vessel data, so itʼs impossible to determine the average number of vessels per patient. In 2002 in the United States, 77 percent of heart transplant patients were male. Source Footnotes ARIC Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities CDC/NCHS Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Health Statistics CHS Cardiovascular Health Study FHS Framingham Heart Study HHP Honolulu Heart Program JAMA Journal of the American Medical Association JNC V Fifth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure JNC VI Sixth Report of the Joint National Committee on Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Treatment of High Blood Pressure NHANES III ( ) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III NHANES IV ( ) National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey IV NHIS National Health Interview Survey NHLBI National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute NIH National Institutes of Health SHS Strong Heart Study