HYPERTENSION - The silent killer! Dr. Marina Vaz MBBS, MD (Medicine) Consultant Physician, Dept of Medicine Goa Medical College, Bambolim
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1 HYPERTENSION - The silent killer! Dr. Marina Vaz MBBS, MD (Medicine) Consultant Physician, Dept of Medicine Goa Medical College, Bambolim
2 Burden of Hypertension in India % urban, %- rural Most prevalent chronic disease 67% patients unaware of diagnosis Important cause of heart, brain, kidney, eye disease
3 BLOOD PRESSURE
4 BLOOD PRESSURE Systolic upper reading Diastolic lower reading Normal blood pressure < 120/80 mmhg
5 Purpose of Blood Pressure Maintain blood flow throughout the body
6 Prehypertension Systolic BP mmhg Diastolic BP mmhg
7 HYPERTENSION high blood pressure Systolic BP >/=140 mmhg or Diastolic BP >/= 90 mmhg
8 What is the problem with hypertension?
9 What is the problem with hypertension? Cholestrol deposits in blood vessels ATHEROSCLEROSIS blocks organ damage Blood vessels become stiff
10 Complications of Hypertension HEART - blood flow to heart blocks - heart attack - wall of the heart thickens (LEFT VENTRICULAR HYPERTROPHY) heart failure
11 BRAIN Complications of Hypertension contd - Strokes blood flow to brain - blocks - blood vessel ruptures in brain intra- cranial bleeds
12 Complications of Hypertension KIDNEY contd - blood flow to kidney ESRD - Damage to glomerulus kidney failure
13 Complications of Hypertension LIMBS contd blood flow to limbs peripheral vascular disease - gangrene ( not only because of smoking / diabetes)
14 EYE Complications of Hypertension contd - Retinal vessel damage - Retinal detatchment - Bleeding within the eye - Decreased vision
15 Complications of Hypertension contd PREGNANCY - Seizures - Heart problems - Brain hemorrhage - Fetus low birth weight - fetal death
16 Who is at risk of HYPERTENSION? Elderly essential hypertension Smokers /tobacco Obese Kidney disease Alcohol Stress
17 Can hypertension occcur in young people? Yes Family history Smokers Obese Kidney disorders Thyroid diseases Pregnancy induced hypertension Lifestyle Drugs estrogens, steroids, pain-killers, antidepressants, decongestants S E C O N D A R Y
18 Symptoms of hypertension Mostly no symptoms Headache Giddiness/dizziness Symptoms of complications
19 When is treatment started BP persistently >/= 140/90 mmhg Diabetics / kidney disease >/= 130/80 mmhg
20 Treatment of hypertension Diet and lifestyle Drug treatment (anti-hypertensive drugs) BP checks Add more drugs
21 How much should BP be lowered? < 140/90 mmhg Diabetics / kidney disease < 130/80 mmhg Elderly < 150/90 mmhg
22 How long to continue treatment LIFELONG Never stop treatment suddenly : - Feel better - BP is normal - Side effects of medicines
23 BP check-ups how often Regular check-ups - increase dose - add more drugs - change some drugs Check for diabetes Check for hyperlipidemia also lifestyle diseases
24 Diet in Hypertension Reduced salt in diet Avoid salty foods/readymade / fast foods Low fat diet (saturated), avoid red meat, plenty of vegetables/fruits Certain hypertension medications normal salt diet Never no salt diet
25 Avoid smoking Diet modification Avoid alcohol Regular exercise Yoga / meditation Lifestyle changes EQUALLY important along with medication
26 Treatment of prehypertension Anti- hypertensive treatment not started Lifestyle changes Regular BP check-ups
27 How to prevent hypertension Lifestyle changes as early as possible Avoid smoking Regular exercise, yoga, meditation Weight reduction Regular BP check-ups after years of age Be aware about the disease BE HAPPY!
28 Digital BP monitoring / automatic BP apparatus Not very accurate Good for monitoring Never adjust your treatment at home / digital readings
29 Take Home Message Hypertension is a lifelong disease It is a lifestyle disease Can occur in young and old It may be associated with diabetes / hyperlipidemia Early treatment can prevent complications Never stop treatment on your own If you wait for symptoms.. It might be too late!
30 Thank you for being a wonderful audience!
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