THE STUDY OF HOW PHYSICAL EXCERCISE AFFECTS THE HEART RATE

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1 THE STUDY OF HOW PHYSICAL EXCERCISE AFFECTS THE HEART RATE Matt Kacvinsky ABSTRACT The purpose of this experiment was to determine the comparison between different strengths, and different amounts of physical exercise such as pushups, sit ups, and jumping jacks. In the human body, the cardiac muscle- which is located in the heart- is the most important muscle in the human body, if ones cardiac muscle stops; they are done for in the next 24 hours because the cardiac muscle has stopped so the heart turns off therefore none of the muscles can move. In this experiment, one would do pushups, jumping jacks, or sit ups and then the heart rate would be measured right after, then the average would be found and put on the graph. Some results in this experiment were average and predictable, but others were very complicated and unexpected. For example, in one graph, the results kept going up, but then it started to go down, then back up. INTRODUCTION A portion of the heart muscle is mainly made up of the Cardiac Muscle. The Cardiac Muscle is one of the most important muscles in the human body. This muscle contains endurance and consistency. Cardiac muscles contract automatically to squeeze the walls of the heart inward. The human heart beats nonstop about 100,000 times each day. This is all because the cardiac muscle, which is the main support that causes the heart to beat. An average human being could not do any physical activity without the cardiac muscle. The cardiac muscle works all day and all night until death. In terms of technicality, if they do not have a cardiac muscle or if it dies out due to heart disease or any sort of heart attack, they are done for in less than 24 hours. The average cardiac muscle is about as big as a 3-4 stacked ice cubes. This muscle contains 6 main parts: The right bundle branch, the left bundle branch, The A.V node, the bundle of HIS, Purking Network, and the S-A node. There are also some different spots in the Cardiac Muscle that are closer or next to the 6 main parts: Right Atrium, the Right

2 ventricle, the Left Atrium, and the Left Ventricle. Then there are 2 river like areas where the blood flows throughout the heart and the cardiac muscle which are the Sinoatrial and the Atrioventricular. Everybody s heart beats differently, mainly based off of any exercise or anything that may surprise the person s body such as a YouTube video, a surprise attack, or a scary movie. Most people have suffered the pain of the natural cramp. It happens either when one is all bent out of shape like stress or if one has not stretched out their muscles enough. It probably happens at least once or twice a weak. That is because when one stretches out their muscles, their heart stretches too. Its cells, veins, nodes, branches, and nodes all stretch out causing the body to be fit and cramp-free. However, if one has not stretched for at least over a week and they do any type of athletics or physical activity, the cells and muscles all tighten up causing the body to stop immediately due to the cause of pain and suffering of their muscles coming together. This will most likely happen to ones arms, legs, thigh, or the cardiac muscle. That s why when one runs or sprints they feel their chest tightening up so they have to hold their chest or rib the whole time. The cardiac muscle is very easy to get a cramp on because of all of the cells and muscles bundled up in the muscle so it makes it easier to tighten up in. The pain of a cramp can usually be eased by stretching and gently massaging the effected muscle to stimulate blood circulation. The time it takes to get rid of a cramp depends on the muscle that tightens up.

3 Yes, every Mother or Father has said that one gets stronger either by growth or physical exercise. But it can be anything else. Maybe they could eat protein. There are actually 3 main ways to get the muscles stronger, which are Exercise, Human Growth, and just eating. This happens because when one eats protein or fiber, then they digest it easily which packs into the muscle mass. It takes a little long to get muscles just by eating, so it would be easier to just do physical exercise. It s all because of Hypertrophy and Hyperplasia. Hypertrophy is mainly the increase in muscle size, due to the enlargement of the size of the cells, as opposed to an increase in the number of cells by cell division, or also known as Hyperplasia. Heart Rate is the main part in our body to keep people going. Everybody has normal heart rate until one does something that refers to exercise, emotions, or astonishment. Mainly, when one does physical activity it makes the cells in the cardiac muscle or in the whole human heart, start moving back and forth. It mainly depends on what type of exercise it is. If it was to be jumping jacks, sit ups, or pushups, then it would provide extra energy in both the brain and muscles to fully success that exercise. However, if it was something simple like jumping on a trampoline then it wouldn t take much energy based on the fact the trampoline automatically sends them up in the air. Of course, when the body does anything physical to one s self, then the heart will keep racing or pumping back and forth. This is because when one is finished with running, strength, or any other physical exercise then the heart will soon weaken thus making all of the muscles connected to the body will slowly weaken as well until the muscles are fully recovered. The muscles keep working and working until they can no longer go on anymore, making the human itself stop at once until he or she catches their breath, or in other words waiting until their heart starts slowing down and beating regularly. Everybody watches YouTube, day and night. However, when one watches a video that may be astonishing to the person watching, they are nearly traumatized. In most scary YouTube videos, something scary pops up on the screen making the watchers heart beat so fast that they may pass out. It mainly depends on the experience one has had to make them scared. If they have seen anything scarier, they don t do any sort of reaction. However, if they have never seen anything like it, their heart will beat so fast, because of the first reaction to a scary video. A former 6 th grader did an experiment that is very, very similar to this experiment. The paper is called THE STUDY OF HOW HEART RATE CHANGES WHEN DOING DIFFERENT

4 EXCERCISES. The experiment is much similar to this one. They tested a volunteer(s) to do different types of experiment, and then after that they had their heart rate tested. After that, they would compare the different exercises. This is similar to this experiment because both this experiment and the former 6 th graders experiment tested heart rate based on different exercises. MATERIALS&METHOD A timer, a tablet, a heart rate monitor, and a Heart probe were used in this experiment. In the first main experiment, the volunteer would do a set of both pushups and sit-ups. Right after they do that, the heart rate would be tested. The heart rate of the person would be compared with the normal heart rate they started out with. There were three volunteers in this experiment. After all three went doing the set of pushups and sit-ups, the average would be found, and the results of the information would be determined on a column graph or a scatter graph. In the first follow up experiment, each volunteer was supposed to do a set of 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 jumping jacks. After each set was done, the heart rate would immediately be measured and wrote down on Microsoft Excel to create the final graph. There were three volunteers in this experiment. After all of the heart rates were placed in the appropriate place of data, then out of the three the average would be found and the data would be presented on the graph. In the third experiment it is similar to the previous experiment, except now the volunteer is doing a set of 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 Jumping Jacks. After each number of jumping jacks was complete, the heart rate would be measured after. The average was determined based off of each volunteer, there were three volunteers. The data would be recorded on either a column graph or a scatter graph based on if it was a relationship or comparison graph. This last experiment was much different than the previous experiments. In this experiment, the volunteer would do 0, 10, 20, 30, and then 40 jumping jacks. Right after, the volunteer would jump as far as they can. The distance would be measured in centimeters. There were three volunteers in this experiment, and then the average was determined. The data was represented on the graph. RESULTS&DISCUSSION

5 Change in HR (bpm) The results in this experiment were not very predictable, based on the graph shown below. Most people did very poor when they did sit ups, but there is a reason why. In the graph, it reads that most people did very well. However, after they did all of the pushups that provides lots of energy, right after when they did Sit Ups, the energy was being wasted. Most of the volunteers did not have their strength and energy back to do any sit ups. Therefore, the results show that most people did poorly on the sit ups. Actually, it looks like it on the graph, but overall, the sit ups only did worse by one beat over on the heart rate. In pushups, the average heart rate of pushups was 43, and sit ups were Change in HR Change in HR 41.5 Push Ups Excercise Sit Ups Figure 1- All volunteers did a set of pushups and sit ups; it seems that they did not do very well on the sit ups. In the follow up experiment, it was very predictable. Throughout each set of pushups, the heart rate kept on increasing. After each set, the volunteer kept getting tired. After the pushups, the stamina or energy kept decreasing after each heartbeat. Finally, on the last set of pushups, some volunteers could barely go any further when they did the pushups, when they finished, they nearly passed out! After the experiment ended, the results turned out to be pretty normal. The heart rate was increasing after each set of pushups. When the average was found, the top heart rate ended up being 145. The average heart rate started out as 113, so the heart rate increased by 32 throughout the set of pushups.

6 Heart Rate (bpm) Heart Rate (bpm) Heart Rate Number of Push Ups Figure 2 This graph represents the heart rate of the volunteer(s) after different amounts of pushups The results in this experiment were fairly similar to the results in the last experiment. They were similar because the heart rate kept increasing throughout the experiment, just like in the last experiment. Before the volunteer did any jumping jacks at all, the average heart rate had to be determined to compare the heart rate(s) throughout the different sets of jumping jacks. The average heart rate starting out was 106 bpm, and the most heart rate was 163 bpm. The results turned out to be normal. Heart Rate Number of Jumping Jacks Figure 3- This graph shows the average heart rate one has after different amounts of jumping jacks

7 Distance Jumped (cm) The results in this experiment were very messed up and unpredictable. The distances jumped went all over the place, it would go from farther to lower and then back to farther. Nobody would ever predict this experiment s results. For example, after 10 jumping jacks, the distance jumped was 154 cm. Then, after 20 jumping jacks, the distance was 146 cm. Then, after 30 jumping jacks, the distance was back up to 157 cm. Finally, after 40 jumping jacks, the distance jumped was down to 150 cm. The results in this experiment were much unexpected Distance Jumped Number of Jumping Jacks Figure 4- The results in this experiment were very unusual, the results were very different after each set of jumping jacks, then jumping. CONCLUSION The overall results for all four of the experiment turned out to be that some results were normal and average, however, others were very unpredictable and unexpected. These experiments would help the world with what they need to do in times of cramps, exercise, and being healthy. These experiments teach people about how our body works and why they need to treat it well. The hypothesis in this experiment was correct, pushups is the highest quality exercise that extends the strength and health of the upper body, the legs, and some of the ankles. Pushups provide growing muscles throughout the upper body. In the future, hopefully there will be an experiment similar to this one. A good experiment in the future would be to test ones heart rate based on emotions and compare it to physical exercise.

8 CITATIONS Ballard, Carol. Muscles. Brookfield, Conn.: Millbrook, 1997.Print. DuBose, Miller, and TJ DuBose, eds. "Human Heart." Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Diagn Med Sonography, 15 February Web. 21 Feb < Filho, Pestronk. "Muscle Cramps." MedlinePlus. US National Library of Medicine, 05 December Web. 21 Feb < Hurst, Stuart. The Heart. Pittsburgh. evisible Ink Press, Print. Mcinnes, Nixon. "Cardiac." Ambulance technician study. SJW, Web. 15 Feb < Pollard, Thomas. "Cardiac Muscle." Wikipedia the Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., 10 February Web. 21 Feb <

THE STUDY OF HEART RATE RECOVERY. Emma Glosson. Cary Academy ABSTRACT

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