Muscles. Grade Level: 4-6

Transcription

1 Muscles Grade Level: 4-6 Teacher Guidelines pages 1 2 Instructional Pages pages 3 6 Activity Page pages 7 Practice Page page 8-9 Homework Page page 10 Answer Key page 11-13

2 Classroom Procedure: 1. Ask students: Which movements of your body are most important to you and why? (Examples of responses may be moving the arm to eat, kicking a ball, bending at the waist, singing, eating, etc.) 2. Allow for responses and discussion. Challenge students to think of a movement related to staying alive, such as the heart beating, digestion, etc. 3. Distribute Muscles content pages. Read and review the information with the students. Use the additional resources to enhance understanding. 4. Distribute Activity page. Read and review the instructions. Poses can include the leg kicking a ball, arm in the air, etc. Pair students. Distribute supplies. Allow students sufficient time to complete the cut-outs, label, and answer the questions. 5. Once completed, students share and explain the cut-out, responding and discussing one or more of the questions. 6. Distribute Practice page. Check and review the students responses. 7. Distribute the Homework page. The next day, check and review the students responses. Allow student volunteers to read aloud their muscle stories. 8. In closing, ask: Which muscle of your body do you think would be the most difficult to live without? Why? 9. Allow for responses and discussion. (Optional: Discuss diseases and illnesses that may have a negative effect on the muscles of the body.) Approximate Grade Level: 4 6 Objectives: The students will be able to define muscle, and identify and locate the different muscles of the human body, as well as define related terms. Common Core State Standards: CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.4.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.3 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RI.5.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6.2 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6.4 CCSS.ELA-Literacy.RST.6.7 Class Sessions (45 minutes): At least 2 class sessions. Teaching Materials/Worksheets: Muscles content pages (2), Activity page, Practice pages (2), Homework page Student Supplies: Butcher paper, scissors, colored pencils, tape, black sharpie (or similar), handouts Prepare Ahead of Time: Butcher paper and other supplies for the activity. Copy handouts. Options for Lesson: Students make smaller versions of themselves for the activity. Use the Practice page as a quiz or short test. Invite a body builder to speak to the class about the different muscles of the body, and how they strengthen them. Or, invite a health specialist to speak about muscles. Take the students to the gym or outdoors, show different exercises to strengthen specific muscles. Celebrate Muscle Week, each day stress one of the muscles and the exercises to help strengthen it. Plan an Funny Face contest stressing the large number of muscles in the face. 1

3 Teacher Notes The lesson introduces students to the muscles of the body, including the different types, plus the most common muscles. Many of the students will be familiar with some of the muscle names but may not know the exact location. It is also important to stress the difference between voluntary and involuntary muscles. There are excellent additional resources including videos and interactives for student use. Student access to the Internet is highly recommended during the lesson. Additional Resources: CONTENT: WORKSHEETS: (links) VIDEOS: (2 min-song) (6 min) (6 min) (7 min) (6 min) 2

4 Muscles You run. You walk. You lift. You jump. You bend and stretch. How can you make these movements and many others? If you said by using your muscles, then you are correct. A muscle helps produce movement in your body and maintains the position of different parts of your body. The human body contains over 600 muscles. The muscles are located under the skin and cover the bones. They do everything from pumping blood throughout the body to help you lift things as light as a feather or as heavy as a desk. You can control some of your muscles, but others, like the heart muscle, do their jobs without you having to think about them. All muscles are made of the same material, a type of elastic tissue that works like a rubber band. (They are not made of rubber.) There are thousands and thousands of these small fibers that make up every muscle in the human body. They are long, thin cells that are grouped into bundles. All muscles work by receiving a signal from a nerve; proteins and chemicals then release energy resulting in the muscle s contraction. This means the muscle pulls the bones its connected to closer together. At the same time, other muscles may expand or relax, allowing muscle pairs to work together and help you move back and forth. This is how the biceps and triceps in your arms work. When the biceps contract, the triceps will relax, allowing your arm to bend. When straightening the arm again, the opposite takes place; the biceps will relax and the triceps will contract. The muscles are working together by relaxing and contracting. 3

5 There are two categories of muscles: involuntary and voluntary. Involuntary muscles are the muscles that move on their own without your help. An example of this type of muscle is the heart. The heart beats without your help. Voluntary muscles are those you can control. An example of two of these are the biceps and triceps in your arms. They do not move unless you cause them to move. Types of Muscles There are also three main types of muscles in the body: smooth, cardiac, and skeletal. 4

6 Appear as sheets or layers, with one layer of muscle behind the other Brain sends signals through the body to tell the muscle what to do Smooth Muscle: involuntary muscle, moves on its own Examples include those in the stomach and digestive system, contracting and relaxing to allow food to make its journey through the body If sick, and you throw up, these muscles push food through the esophagus and out of your mouth Found in the bladder, when relaxed, it allows you to hold in urine, and is then contracted when urine is pushed out of the body The muscle that makes up the heart also known as the myocardium Cardiac Muscle: involuntary muscle, moves on its own Thick muscles of the heart contract to pump blood out, and then relax to let blood back in after it has circulated through the body A special group of cells within the heart are known as the pacemaker of the heart because it controls the heart They cover the bones and provide the strength and flexibility to the body, and are also called striated muscles Skeletal Muscle: voluntary muscle, you control it Are held together to the bones with the help of tendons, acting as connector pieces between bone and muscle Tendons and bones move together as a muscle is contracted Come in many different sizes and shapes, having different jobs to do The most powerful muscles are in the back, which help keep a person upright 5

7 FACE DELTOIDS BICEPS PECTORALS ABDOMINAL CARDIAC QUADRICEPS GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Major Muscles of the Body Face Deltoids Pectorals Abdominals Quadriceps Biceps Gluteus Maximus The face has many muscles that are not attached directly to a bone; attached under the skin. It takes 17 muscles to smile, and 43 muscles to frown. Often called the delts, located in the shoulders; you use them when shrug your shoulders when you do not know an answer. Found on each side of your upper chest, usually referred to as the pecs. Many athletes and bodybuilders have large pecs. Below the pecs and under the rib cage are muscles that are most often called the abs for short. You feel these when doing sit-ups. Located on the front of your thighs, usually called quads. Runners, bikers, and athletes who use their legs develop strong and large quads. When you make a muscle in your arm, you are tensing your biceps. You can a sometimes see it push up under your skin. Are you sitting? If yes, then you are sitting on your glutes. This is the muscle that is under the skin and fat in your behind. Every muscle in your body help you exercise, smile, cry, sleep, relax, and live. They are always at work keeping the body functioning. Some work without your help, others you control, but all work together to keep you in motion, healthy, and alive. 6

8 Activity Name Date Instructions 1. Supplies: Butcher paper, scissors, colored pencils, tape, black sharpie (or similar) 2. You and your partner will trace the outlines of your bodies. Help each other trace it as accurately as possible. 3. Before starting, decide the pose you would like to use. If necessary, tape two pieces of butcher paper together. 4. Once you trace and cut out the body outlines, label and draw the different muscles of the body. 5. Use the Internet for images showing the muscles on the body. 6. Labeled muscles must include: (you may add others) a. Face b. Deltoids c. Pectorals d. Abdominals e. Quadriceps f. Biceps g. Gluteus Maximus 7. Once completed, answer the following questions: What muscle(s) do you use the most in your life and why? How do you make sure the muscles remain strong? Which muscle do you believe is your weakest and why? How could you strengthen this muscle? 7

9 Practice Name Date Circle the correct answers 1. What is the estimated number of bones in the body? 2. Which of the following is NOT a muscle type? 3. Skeletal muscles are held to the bones by the: A. 200 A. elastic A. tendons B. 400 B. cardiac B. cartilage C. 600 C. smooth C. strands 4. Which of the following are voluntary muscles? 5. Which of the following is the heart muscle? 6. Which of the following is the striated muscle? 7. Which muscle appears in sheets or layers? 8. Stomach and digestive systems muscles are: 9. The myocardium is which type of muscle? 10. Muscle type found in the bladder to help hold urine: 11. Muscles that are held together by tendons are: 12. Type that includes the powerful back muscles are: 8

10 Practice Name Date 13. The muscles which help when someone throws up: 14. Muscles known as the pacemaker are: 15. These muscles come in many different sizes & shapes: Match 16 Muscles in the body that a person controls. A Muscle 17 Produces movement in your body and maintains its position. B Contraction 18 The muscles that makes up the heart. C Relaxing 19 The muscles covering the bones, provides strength and flexibility. D Involuntary 20 Act as connector pieces between bones and muscles. E Voluntary 21 Occurs when bones are pulled together. F Tendons 22 The kind of muscles that move on their own. G Striated 23 Another term for muscles that are expanding. H Myocardium Match 24 Found on each side of your upper chest. I Face 25 Located on the front of your thighs. J Deltoids 26 Located in your upper arms. K Pectorals 27 Muscles not attached directly to the bone. L Abdominals 28 Muscles located under the rib cage. M Quadriceps 29 You sit on this muscle. N Biceps 30 Located in the shoulders. O Gluteus Maximus 9

11 Homework Name Date Label the location of the muscles in the body using the word bank Abdominals Face Biceps Gluteus Maximus Cardiac Pectorals Deltoids Quadriceps Write a short story using the following words accurately: delts, pecs, abs, quads, and glutes. Use the back of the page if you need more space. Be creative. 10

12 Practice Name Answer Key Date Circle the correct answers 1. What is the estimated number of bones in the body? 2. Which of the following is NOT a muscle type? 3. Skeletal muscles are held to the bones by the: A. 200 A. elastic A. tendons B. 400 B. cardiac B. cartilage C. 600 C. smooth C. strands 4. Which of the following are voluntary muscles? 5. Which of the following is the heart muscle? 6. Which of the following is the striated muscle? 7. Which muscle appears in sheets or layers? 8. Stomach and digestive systems muscles are: 9. The myocardium is which type of muscle? 10. Muscle type found in the bladder to help hold urine: 11. Muscles that are held together by tendons are: 12. Type that includes the powerful back muscles are: 11

13 13. The muscles which help when someone throws up: 14. Muscles known as the pacemaker are: 15. These muscles come in many different sizes & shapes: Match 16 E Muscles in the body that a person controls. A Muscle 17 A Produces movement in your body and maintains its position. B Contraction 18 H The muscles that makes up the heart. C Relaxing 19 G The muscles covering the bones, provides strength and flexibility. D Involuntary 20 F Act as connector pieces between bones and muscles. E Voluntary 21 B Occurs when bones are pulled together. F Tendons 22 D The kind of muscles that move on their own. G Striated 23 C Another term for muscles that are expanding. H Myocardium Match 24 K Found on each side of your upper chest. I Face 25 M Located on the front of your thighs. J Deltoids 26 N Located in your upper arms. K Pectorals 27 I Muscles not attached directly to the bone. L Abdominals 28 L Muscles located under the rib cage. M Quadriceps 29 O You sit on this muscle. N Biceps 30 J Located in the shoulders. O Gluteus Maximus 12

14 Homework Answer Key Name Date Label the location of the muscles in the body using the word bank Abdominals Face Biceps Gluteus Maximus FACE Cardiac Pectorals Deltoids Quadriceps DELTOIDS BICEPS PECTORALS ABDOMINAL CARDIAC QUADRICEPS GLUTEUS MAXIMUS Write a short story using the following words accurately: delts, pecs, abs, quads, and glutes. Use the back of the page if you need more space. Be creative. (Will vary) 13