How do you stay happy and healthy?

Transcription

1 Live well phrasal verbs, aches and pains Charlotte How do you stay happy and healthy? Grammar the first and second conditional, if and unless, the third conditional When I feel grumpy and I want to cheer up, I work out at the gym. It usually puts me in a good mood! Practical English asking for and giving advice Marco If I feel sleepy in the morning, I go running. It wakes me up and gives me lots of energy for the day! Joe My friends tell me that I always look calm, even when I m very busy. But I get stressed, too. That s when I know that I need to slow down and relax for ten minutes. Abigail Happy and healthy 1 6 VOC APP Look at the six photos and find three pairs of opposite adjectives. Compare your answers with a partner. When I feel anxious about something I always open up to my friends. You can face up to anything if you tell people about it and don t keep your troubles inside. Don t be shy! Unit Complete all activities in your notebook Spectrum SB book.indb 6 15/01/ :5

2 3 Ask and answer the question When do you feel? with the adjectives from exercise 2. Thomas Beth I m very dynamic. I m always doing lots of things. Sometimes, when I worry that I ve got too much to do, I just try to do them one at a time. But I don t cut down on the things I do! Why am I always cheerful? My secret is music it helps me calm down if I feel upset or angry and it s the perfect way to chill out after a long day. I take my headphones with me wherever I go. Read the responses again. Are the sentences true or false? 1 Joe has more energy when he does physical exercise. 2 Beth does fewer things when she feels stressed. 3 Thomas talks to people when he has a problem. Abigail listens to music when she feels anxious. 5 Marco knows that doing everything really fast isn t always the best solution. 5 Choose the correct phrasal verb to complete the sentences. 1 You ve been very busy recently. You should slow down / cut down. 2 She has to open up to / face up to the problem if she wants to solve it. 3 When I m sad, I cheer up / face up to by going out with my friends. Don t calm down / cut down on exercise. It s very important for your health. 6 Complete the questions with the highlighted phrasal verbs from the speech bubbles. Then ask and answer them. 1 How do you ( ) up when you feel grumpy? 2 What s the best way to ( ) out at the gym? 3 Who do you ( ) up to when you feel anxious? How do you ( ) down when you are angry? 5 How do you ( ) out at the weekend? practice 2 Match the adjectives from the speech bubbles to the definitions. 1 nervous and worried 2 happy 3 full of energy irritable and bad tempered 5 tired 6 relaxed and quiet 7 Read the problem. How would you help a friend in this situation? 21st Century Skills: Supporting others One of your best friends seems quite stressed and grumpy. You are worried because your friend is usually very cheerful and dynamic. Write a few sentences about how you would help. 8 Watch the video. Cheer up! Unit 7

3 Review 3 Complete the dialogue with the phrasal verbs. 1 Match the verbs in A with the words in B to form phrasal verbs. Then use them to complete the sentences. A cheer chill cut face slow work B down out up VOC APP carry on end up with keep in lie around wrap up Jess Mel Jess Mel Should we (1) walking or stop here for the night? Let s camp here. We ve been walking for hours and if we don t stop soon, we ll (2) injuries. You re right, although we re going to get very cold if we (3) in our tents all evening. We ll be OK if we () in lots of warm clothes. And our sleeping bags will (5) the heat they re designed for Arctic explorers! 1 Billy does too many after-school activities. He should ( ) a bit. 2 You should ( ) on fizzy drinks. It isn t healthy to consume so much sugar. 3 I do yoga three times a week. It really helps me ( ) after a stressful day. You won t solve the problem by avoiding it. You ve got to ( ) to it. 5 ( )! Losing a football match isn t the end of the world. 6 I usually ( ) at the gym on Mondays, but I m too tired today. Grammar Write sentences. Decide if you need to use the first or second conditional. 1 Our plane lands at We / arrive / at 7.30 / unless / there / be / a delay. 2 I / go / to the party / if / I / be / free. Unfortunately, I m busy that evening. 3 Your wrist looks quite swollen. I / go / to the doctor s / if / I / be / you. If / I / have / a time machine / I / visit / Ancient Rome. 2 Complete the missing words. 5 Sam needs to make more effort. He / not pass / the exam / unless / he / work / harder. 1 A horse kicked me and now I ve got a b( ) knee. It s 6 I / not want / to be / famous / unless / I / also / bright purple and it really hurts. be / very rich. 2 Why is my skin so i( )? There aren t usually mosquitoes at this time of year. 5 Complete the text conversation with the correct 3 I m never going to a spinning class again. form of the third conditional. I still had a( ) muscles three days later. Matt s just told me you ve got a broken ankle. k Are you OK? You ll end up with a s( ) Yeah, but I m bored because I can t go out. back if you carry that suitcase by yourself. (1) If I (know) earlier, I (come) to cheer you up. How did it happen? Let me help you. Adam took my phone and started reading my text messages, so I ran after him. 5 I ve got a really s( ) ankle. It s almost double its What an idiot! normal size! It was my fault for wearing flip-flops. (2) I (not fall over) if I (wear) my trainers. 6 I don t think your leg is b( ), but we ll do an x-ray (3) But you (not need) to run if Adam (not take) your phone! What about the concert? to make sure. I can t go now k Oh no! Can you sell your ticket? Not sure. () If this (happen) last week, I (sell) it to Amy, but she s got a ticket now. 128 Review Complete all activities in your notebook. How annoying! I know. (5) If (stay) at home yesterday, none of this (happen).

4 Skills practice Fitness Fashion Fashion affects everything, even sport. These four fitness trends might not be so popular today, but they still have some fans. The 1950s: the hula hoop A Children had played with hula hoops for centuries when, in the 1950s, people started using them as a way of getting fit. If you d been a teenager in that decade, you wouldn t have been able to escape the hula hoop everyone seemed to have one! But did people lose weight when they worked out with one? Well, yes, but only if the hoop was heavy enough. The 1960s: vibrating belt B machines Vibrating belt machines were the perfect solution for people who wanted to lose weight without making any effort. You simply put on the belt and the machine did all the work! Unfortunately, the vibrating belts also gave some people sore backs and aching muscles. C The 1970s: roller skates Roller skates have been around for a long time, but their greatest moment came in the 1970s. If you d gone to a disco at that time, you d probably have gone wearing roller skates! Unfortunately, skaters often ended up with bruised knees and even broken arms after spectacular crashes. There are still roller discos today, but if you go, make sure you wear protective equipment! The 1980s: aerobics D An actress named Jane Fonda changed the fitness world with her aerobics videos. People loved doing these high-energy exercises while listening to disco music and, thanks to the video player, they could do them in their own living room. Sports clubs quickly copied Fonda s training formula and started offering aerobics classes. If you go to any gym class today, it will probably involve exercises inspired by Fonda s workouts. Reading 1 Read the article. Which paragraph mentions? 1 exercises that people did in front of the TV 2 a device for people who don t like doing exercise 3 fitness equipment that was originally a toy injuries caused by collisions 5 a method that still influences fitness training today 6 safety precautions you should take 7 fitness equipment that didn t work if it was too light Writing 2 Imagine that you have bought some fitness equipment but there s a problem with it. Write a letter or of complaint to the company ( words). What did you buy? What was the problem with it? What would you like the company to do? 3 Work with a partner or in a small group. Invent a new health and fitness trend and create a poster to advertise it. What is your product or technique called? How does it work? What are the benefits of using it? Who is it suitable for? Skills practice 129

5 Focus on PE: muscles Home > Physical Education > The body> Muscles StudentZone Q&A on Muscles and Movement A There are three kinds of muscle: 1 Cardiac muscles. These are only in the heart. They work automatically and don t get tired. 2 Involuntary muscles. These muscles make our internal organs function. They work outside our control. 3 Voluntary muscles. These are the muscles that we can see and feel all over our bodies. They are connected to bones by tendons. We can control voluntary muscles. B M uscles work by contracting and relaxing. When our muscles contract they pull tendons, which make our bones move. Muscles can pull, but they can t push, so they work in groups Antagonistic muscles () (1) (2) (5) biceps muscle and pairs to coordinate movement. Antagonistic pairs work when one muscle contracts and the other relaxes. Look at the antagonistic pair of muscles in the diagram. C Voluntary muscles have two types of fibre. Fast twitch fibres contract quickly but get tired quickly. Slow twitch fibres contract slowly, but can function for longer periods of time. We are all born with a different distribution of muscle fibres. This can predict the types of sport we will probably be good at. Slow twitch fibres are good for endurance sports like long-distance running. Fast twitch fibres are suited to strength sports, like sprinting. D Strains occur when muscles are stretched too far. This can tear the muscle and often happens when playing sport. Symptoms of strains include pain, swelling and bruising. Cramp happens when a tired muscle involuntarily contracts. It can occur if we have been exercising for a long time and have not stretched properly before we started. Cramp can be very painful. 3 Relaxed triceps muscle Complete the sentences with the words from the text. antagonistic pairs cramp fast twitch pull slow twitch strains voluntary muscles (3) 1 Marathon runners have more ( ) muscle fibres. 2 Weightlifters have more ( ) fibres. Contracted (6) 3 All ( ) contract to ( ) on the tendon to which they are attached Read and listen to the text. Match the Hamstrings and quadriceps, and biceps and triceps questions (1 ) to the paragraphs (A D) that answer them. 5 Muscles can cause painful injuries such as ( ), and are ( ) of muscles. ( ), when muscles suddenly contract. 1 How do our muscles show what sports we are suited to? 2 How do muscles help us move? 3 How do muscle injuries occur? What types of muscle are there in the human body? 2 In your notebook, copy the diagrams and write the words below next to the number labels 1 6. biceps muscle contracted relaxed tendon (x2) triceps muscle Ask and answer questions with other students. 1 Do you play strength or endurance sports? 2 What muscle groups do you use most when you play these sports? 3 Have you ever had a muscle injury? How did it happen? Answers from page 53 1 False 2 True 3 True Focus on CLIL Spectrum SB book.indb /01/ :12