What Is Kinesiology? pg24 ~ ~ ~ 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2

Transcription

1 PSK 4U

2 pg24 What Is Kinesiology? ~ ~ ~ Kinesiology is the systematic study of the physiological, psychological, and sociological aspects of human movement and how it can be optimized. The study of human movement 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 2

3 pg24 Other Names for Kinesiology The field of study, research, and professional practice known as Kinesiology is sometimes referred to by related names, such as: Exercise Science Physical Education Sport Science (or Sport Studies) Human Kinetics 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 3

4 Introductory Kinesiology This course focusses on the study of: History of Sport Business of Sport Sport Ethics Anatomy Physiology Human Growth and Development Motor Learning Biomechanics Nutrition and Sport Training and Sport 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 4

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6 COURSE TEXTBOOK KINESIOLOGY AN INTRODUCTION TO EXERCISE SCIENCE 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 6

7 Unit 1 Society, Physical Activity, and Sport 2. The History of Physical Activity and Sport 3. Business, Physical Activity, and Sport 4. Ethical Issues, Physical Activity, and Sport Unit 2 Anatomy and Physiology 5. The Skeletal & Articular Systems 6. The Muscular System 7. Energy Systems & Physical Activity 8. The Cardiovascular & Respiratory Systems 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 7

8 Unit 3 Human Performance and Biomechanics 9. Human Growth and Development 10.Motor Learning & Skill Acquisition 11.Biomechanical Theory and Concepts 12.Seven Principles of Biomechanics 13.Analyzing the Efficiency of Human Movement Unit 4 Nutrition, Training, and Ergogenic Aids 14.Nutrition for Human Performance 15.Training and Human Performance 16.Ergogenic Substances and Techniques 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 8

9 University of Windsor Honours Bachelor of Human Kinetics Admission Requirements: Minimum grade of 70% in Grade 12U Biology Minimum grade of 70% in Grade 12U English Minimum average of approx. 78% in top six Grade 12 U courses Specialize in one of two honours Majors: Movement Science and Sport Management Ist Year HK Principles of Mental Skill Training Ethics in sport and Physical Activity Fundamental Mechanics of Human Motion Functional Anatomy One non-kinesiology option

10 HK Book Award Criteria Student must be in their graduating year Student must be an excellent scholar Student must be involved in co-curricular activities Student must demonstrate leadership, administrative and/or organizational ability in school activities.

11 2010-Candice Chevalier 2011-Steph Bonneau 2012-Jessika Veigli 2013-Alicia Zanier 2014-George Koumisidis 2015-Colin Lauzon 2016-Adam Amicarelli

12 pg25 The Discipline of Kinesiology 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 12

13 pg26 Sample Academic and Career Pathways 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 13

14 pg28 Occupations in Kinesiology 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 14

15 pg28 Occupations in Physical Education 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 15

16 pg29 Occupations in Recreation & Leisure 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 60

17 pg29 Occupations in Health Education 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 17

18 Chapter #1 Physical Activity and Sport Today

19 pg4 A Sound Mind in A Healthy Body Mens sana in corpore sano. A sound mind in a healthy body. A person is only healthy when s/he is occupied both intellectually and physically. Originated from a Roman poet Latin The sentence was first used with this meaning in 1861 by the Englishman John Hulley, as a motto for his Liverpool Athletic Club. This motto fitted the elitist nineteenth-century vision on sport that came about in England. At English boarding schools wealthy boys received not only an intellectual education, but also a thorough physical training, based on the ideal of a complete education.

20 City Park Collegiate Institute-Learning in Motion

21 Learning in Motion Saskatoon special education teacher Allison Cameron stumbled onto something that is changing the lives of students. While teaching an elementary behavioural class, she invited a couple of kids to run with the cross-country team before school. She noticed they became calmer and more focused in class. A year later, she joined City Park Collegiate Institute determined to test the hypothesis that exercise helps concentration and behaviour. Using donated treadmills, stationary bikes and heartrate monitors, she put her Grade 8 class on 20 minutes of cardio three mornings a week, and strength training the other two. Not only did behaviour improve, their grades did too. Now the whole school is on her Movement Matters regime, and Cameron helps schools across North America develop similar programs.

22 Video tch?v=-nkl6p02ff0

23 Page 4 Mental Benefits of Regular Physical Activity & Healthy Eating Reduced stress and depression Improved self-image Improved concentration, attention span, and mood Improved memory Increased productivity Slowed-down brain aging Composite brain images of 20 students taking the same test after sitting quietly (top) and after a 20-minute walk. (Courtesy of Dr. Charles Hillman, University of Illinois.) 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 23

24 The Physical Inactivity Crisis Males 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 10

25 The Physical Inactivity Crisis Females 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 25

26 The Health-Care Costs of Inactivity 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 26

27 Throughout the world, the numbers of persons who are obese or overweight have escalated steadily in most countries in recent years. World Health Trends 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 27

28 Health Risks of Physical Inactivity & Obesity Inactivity and obesity are primary determinants of lifestyle diseases such as: Coronary artery disease Ischemic strokes Type 2 diabetes Some cancers Osteoporosis Kidney disease Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Chronic liver disease Depression 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 28

29 Participation - Make Room for Play - Video

30 Physical Inactivity and Obesity Crises Causes for the twin problems of inactivity and obesity include: Urbanization Motorized transport Mechanization of labour Sedentarism (TV watching, Internet, video games) Processed foods high in sugars and starches Increased portion sizes 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 3 0

31 Pg.12 Environmental Barriers Built environments play a major role in levels of physical activity: Built environments are human-made settings for human activity. Consist of buildings, neighbourhoods, cities, infrastructure, and parks or green space Sometimes discourage active transportation (walking, biking, rollerblading) Sometimes encourage passive transportation via cars and public transit 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 31

32 Overcoming Environmental Barriers Suggestions: Establish Active and Safe Routes to School community programs. Pressure governments to increase funding for parks, playgrounds, safe pedestrian walkways, bike paths, street lighting, etc. Take stairs rather than elevators or escalators. Engage in mobile meetings and walk or bike rather than drive or take the bus Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 32

33 Pg.13 Socioeconomic Barriers ~~~ Socioeconomic barriers are those associated with the social standing of an individual or group, typically measured as a combination of income, education, and occupation. For example: One in five Canadian families cannot afford to enroll their children in recreation programs. These families need subsidies for registration, equipment, and transportation costs Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 20

34 Participation - Make Room for play - Hockey - Video

35 Pg.15 Psychological Barriers ~~~ Psychological barriers are obstacles that are real and serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least partially, in the mind or in the attitude of the individual. These barriers might include: Fear of pain and physical exertion Self-consciousness about appearance A perception that physical exercise is boring 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 35

36 Suggestions: Overcoming Psychological Barriers Find a form of physical activity that is fun. Stop a particular exercise if it hurts. Work out in a less competitive environment. Seek out a support system. Choose social activities that don t involve sitting. Reward yourself in healthy ways Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 36

37 Pg.14 Cultural Barriers ~~~ Multiculturalism is a celebration of diverse ethnic, religious, and cultural backgrounds. It was adopted as official government policy during the 1970s and 1980s. By the early twenty-first century, newcomers from outside British and French heritage composed the majority of the Canadian population. New Canadians tend to face barriers to sport and physical activity despite Canada s policy of multiculturalism. Canadian Sport Policy aims to increase access to sport for new immigrants. More needs to be done to reduce language barriers and the isolation that many newcomers experience Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 37

38 Suggestions: Overcoming Cultural Barriers The Sport Information Resource Centre and Sport Canada are concerned about cultural barriers to physical activity. Lack of government policies with respect to multiculturalism and sport must be addressed. Government and support agencies must find ways to provide information about sport and recreation opportunities to newcomers Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 38

39 Pg.15 Personal Barriers ~~~ Personal barriers are obstacles that are definitely real and serious but could be thought of as being largely, or at least partially, under the control of the individual (finding time to exercise, lack of confidence, lack of motivation, and so on). These barriers might include: Lack of time Lack of energy Poor diet No access to gym or gym equipment Financial constraints 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 39

40 Overcoming Personal Barriers Suggestions: Take stairs; walk, jog, bike, rollerblade, skateboard to school or work. Reduce TV watching and screen time. Work out during TV commercials. Start at 10 min of exercise per day and build from there. Use your own body; there is no need for fancy gym equipment. Switch from junk food to healthy foods Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 40

41 Reduce Lifestyle Diseases By Changing Diet, Environment, & Activity Level 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 30

42 Pg.16 Lifestyle Diseases ~ ~ ~ Lifestyle diseases ( acquired diseases ) are illnesses that are largely preventable and that appear to increase in frequency as countries become more industrialized. They can include some kinds of cancer, chronic liver disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, type 2 diabetes, heart disease, kidney disease, osteoporosis, stroke, and depression. Probable Causes: Poor diet Harmful lifestyle habits Sedentarism 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 42

43 Pg.18 What Is Physical Literacy? Physical literacy is a powerful educational movement pioneered by British educator Margaret Whitehead. Individuals who are physically literate move with competence and confidence in a wide variety of physical environments. Physical literacy benefits the development of the whole person. Movement competence provides a pathway to active, healthy living Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 43

44 Champions of Physical Literacy Canadian champions of physical literacy include: Physical and Health Education Canada (PHE Canada) Ontario Physical and Health Education Association (Ophea) Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L) Canadian Society for Exercise Physiology (CSEP) ParticipACTION Ever Active Schools 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 44

45 Canadian Sport for Life (CS4L) Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) Canadian Sport for Life has conceptualized a cradle-to-grave life cycle of physical activity and sport the LTAD model Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 45

46 The LTAD Model The Long-Term Athlete Development (LTAD) model Emphasizes physical literacy across the lifespan Provides a seven-stage training, competition, and recovery pathway Takes into account the different developmental stages we undergo as children, adolescents, and adults 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 46

47 The Seven Stages of the LTAD Model There are seven stages to the Long-Term Athlete Development model. These are: Stage 1: Active Start (0-6 years) Stage 2: FUNdamentals (girls 6-8, boys 6-9) Stage 3: Learn to Train (girls 8-11, boys 9-12) Stage 4: Train to Train (girls 11-15, boys 12-16) Stage 5: Train to Compete (girls 15-21, boys 16-23) Stage 6: Train to Win (girls 18+, boys 19+) Stage 7: Active for Life (any age participant) 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 40

48 Physical Benefits of Regular Physical Activity & Healthy Eating Maintenance of a healthy body weight Prevention of lifestyle diseases Improved fitness for healthy, strong muscles and bones 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 48

49 Social Benefits of Regular Physical Activity & Healthy Eating Reduced behavioural problems in school Enhanced academic performance Increased self-confidence and selfacceptance Opportunities to make friends Greater overall community health and cohesiveness Higher levels of social capital 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 49

50 Social Benefits of Community & School Sport and Physical Activity Programs Reduced use of drugs and alcohol Development of improved social skills and employability skills Support for at-risk youth and new immigrants Greater inclusiveness and accessibility to sport and physical activity for everyone 2015 Thompson Educational Publishing, Inc. 50