Muscle Activation Analyses for Yoga Interventions

Transcription

1 Preconference Presentation: Muscle Activation Analyses for Yoga Interventions Joseph Signorile, PhD Professor Department of Kinesiology and Sports Sciences Laboratory of Neuromuscular Research and Active Aging University of Miami Research Faculty Center on Aging University of Miami Miller School of Medicine

2 TARGETED EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION: Overview

3 TRAINING SPECIFICITY: The change made by a biological organism is a direct reflection of the nature of the stress to which it is exposed.

4 FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH SPECIFICITY

5 BIOMECHANICAL SPECIFICITY: Specific muscle groups Specific joints Specific joint angles Specific contractile states Specific movement speeds Specific loads Specific motor patterns Structural changes

6 TARGETED EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION: Prescription Yoga

7 ELECTROMYOGRAPHY

8 COLLECTION PROCEDURES

9 The Collection Device

10 BIPOLAR ELECTRODE CONFIGURATION DIFFERENTIAL AMPLIFIER ANALOG TO DIGITAL CONVERSION BOARD READING ELECTRODES REFERENCE ELECTRODE SKIN SURFACE

11 Electrodes

12

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14 Acute Factors Affecting the Nature of the EMG Signal

15 Recruitment

16 EMG AMPLITUDE AND MOTOR UNIT RECRUITMENT

17 RATE CODING

18 The Characteristics of the EMG Signal

19 AMPLITUDE

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21 rmsemg COMPUTATION rmsemg {m(t)} =( m 2 (t) t) 1 T T 1/2 t Square each point from t=i to t=t (where T is the terminal point). Sum the squared values. Average values by dividing sum by T. Take the square root of the computed mean.

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23 TARGETED EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION: Specific muscle groups Specific joints Specific joint angles Specific motor patterns

24 CORE MUSCLE FUNCTION DURING SPECIFIC YOGA POSES. Meng Ni, Kiersten Mooney, Anoop Balachandran, Luca Richards, Kysha Harriell, Joseph F. Signorile

25 To assess the potential for using 11 yoga poses in specific training and rehabilitation programs via examination of the muscle activation patterns in selected trunk and hip muscles. Objective:

26 Participants: Thirty healthy yoga practitioners with more than 3 months yoga practice experience (mean age ± SD, 32.0 ± 12.3 y; 8 M/22 F) participated.

27 Halfway Lift **greater than RAU and RAL, greater than RAU, RAL and GM

28 greater than LT. Forward Fold

29 Downward Facing Dog **greater than RAU and RAL

30 **greater than RAU and RAL Upward Facing Dog

31 greater than all other muscle tested High Plank

32 greater than RAU, RAL and GM Low Plank

33 *greater than RAL Chair

34 Mountain Pose: Arms Up greater than RAU, RAL and LT

35 Mountain Pose Arms Down greater than RAU, RAL and LT

36 **greater than RAU and RAL Dominant Warrior

37 Non-Dominant Warrior *greater than RAL, **greater than RAU and RAL

38 Conclusions Variations in core muscle EMG depend on the trunk and pelvic positions during these poses. Training programs can be developed by choosing particular poses to target specific core muscles for addressing low back pain and declines in performance.

39 Conclusions The High Plank, Low plank and Downward Facing Dog poses are effective for strengthening external oblique abdominis, Chair and Warrior 1 poses for targeting gluteus maximum, Chair and Halfway lift poses for strengthening longissimus thoracis, And these three muscles could be strengthened by the Upward Facing Dog pose.

40 MUSCLE UTILIZATION PATTERNS VARY BY SKILL LEVELS OF THE PRACTITIONERS ACROSS SPECIFIC YOGA POSES (ASANAS) Meng Ni, Kiersten Mooney, Anoop Balachandran, Luca Richards, Kysha Harriell, Joseph F. Signorile Ni, M., Mooney, K., Balachandran, A., Luca, C., Harriell, K., Signorile JF. Muscle utilization patterns vary by skill levels of the practitioners across specific yoga poses. Complementary Therapies in Medicine. 2014, Aug; 22(4): Objective: To compare muscle activation patterns in 14 dominant side muscles during different yoga poses across three skill levels. Design: Mixed repeated-measures descriptive study. Setting: University neuromuscular research laboratory, Miami, US. Participants: A group of 36 yoga practitioners (9 M/27 F; mean ± SD, 31.6 ± 12.6 years) with at least 3 months yoga practice experience. Interventions: Each of the 11 surya namaskar poses A and B was performed separately for 15 sand the surface electromyography for 14 muscles were recorded. Main outcome measures: Normalized root mean square of the electromyographic signal (NrmsEMG) for 14 muscles (5 upper body, 4 trunk, 5 lower body).results: There were significant main effects of pose for all fourteen muscles except middle trapezius (p <.02) and of skill level for the vastus medialis; p =.027). A significant skill level pose interaction existed for five muscles (pectoralis major sternal head, anterior deltoid, medial deltoid, upper rectus abdominis and gastrocnemius lateralis; p <.05). Post hoc analyses using Bonferroni comparisons indicated that different poses activated specific muscle groups; however, this varied by skill level. Conclusion: Our results indicate that different poses can produce specific muscle activation patterns which may vary due to practitioners skill levels. This information can be used in designing rehabilitation and training programs and for cuing during yoga training Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

41 Objective: The purpose of this study was to quantify differences in muscle recruitment patterns for the upper, lower and trunk muscles during the performance of different yoga poses, and to evaluate differences in the patterns of use of each muscle in novices, advanced practitioners and instructors.

42 Participants: Thirty-six yoga practitioners (9 men, 27 women; mean age ±SD, 31.6 ±12.6 y) recruited through flyers, and personal contacts at yoga studios and wellness centers. Participants assigned into one of three categories: novices (NOV) having practiced yoga for three to twelve months; an advanced group (ADV) who had practiced for more than three years; or instructors (INST) who possessed a yoga instructor certification.

43 RESULTS

44 There were significant main effects of pose for all muscles, and of group for lower trapezius (LT) and rectus femoris (RF). LSD post hoc analysis indicated significant pose differences for these two muscles and a significant interaction between pose and skill level for RF.

45 For the LT, the chair pose (79.5 ± 12.5 uv) produced higher rmsemg than all poses except low plank (p<.05) (Figure 2). Figure 2.

46 Group differences were seen for LT (p=.042), favoring instructors (57.5 ± 19 uv) over novices (19.2 ± 11 uv, p=.014) (Figure 3). Figure 3.

47 For the RF, the low plank (56 ± 11.5 uv) generated greater rmsemg than other poses except chair, high plank and warrior 1 (p<.05).

48 The post hoc analysis for the significant pose x skill level interaction for the RF muscle showed significantly higher rmsemg values in instructors compared to novices during downward facing dog (instructor: 18.5 ± 8.3 uv, novice: 6.6 ± 1.2uV) high plank (instructor: 41.8 ± 14.3 uv, novice: 16.9 ± 5.0 uv) and low plank (instructor: 55.4 ± 12.3 uv, novice: 17.5 ± 5.6 uv) poses (Figure 4).

49 Figure 4.

50 Conclusions Muscle firing patterns vary among different Vinyasa yoga poses and skill levels. Understanding these differences can help instructors improve experience-specific cuing and when designing yoga programs to target muscle groups of interest during training and rehabilitation.

51 TARGETED EXERCISE PRESCRIPTION: Specific muscle groups Specific joints Specific movement speeds Specific motor patterns

52 THE COMPARATIVE IMPACTS OF TAI CHI, BALANCE TRAINING AND A SPECIALLY- DESIGNED YOGA PROGRAM ON BALANCE IN OLDER FALLERS. Meng Ni, Kiersten Mooney, Anoop Balachandran, Luca Richards, Kysha Harriell, Joseph F. Signorile

53 COMPARATIVE IMPACT OF HIGH SPEED YOGA AND RESISTANCE TRAINING ON MOTOR FUNCTION IN PATIENTS WITH PARKINSON'S DISEASE Meng Ni, Kiersten Mooney, Anoop Balachandran, Melani Potiaumpai, Corneliu Luca, James G. Moore, Christopher M. Kuenze, Moataz Eltoukhy, Arlette Perry, Joseph F. Signorile Accepted for Publication

54 THANK YOU!