Compilation of emission inventories in high resolution for Germany
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1 Compilation of emission inventories in high resolution for Germany Jochen Theloke Balendra Thiruchittampalam, Renate Köble, Ulrike Kummer, Rainer Friedrich Universität Stuttgart Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
2 Agenda Introduction Inventory Methodology Results Conclusion Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
3 Why highly resolved emission data needed? Identification of emission sources, estimates on potential emission control options Development of efficient emission control strategies As input data for CTM for comparison with measurements Application: Future trends and possible developments of ambient concentrations of pollutants Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
4 PM emissions 2005 in Germany: all sectors PM10 8.1% 9.8% 0.0% 4.3% 11.2% PM % 0.0% 4.2% 7.4% 7.4% 3.6% 20.2% 18.6% 7.1% 7.8% 6.4% 7.5% 8.0% 1.7% 3.5% 12.9% 15.5% 5.5% 6.7% 0.7% 01 Comb. in energy and transformation ind. 02 Non-industrial combustion plants 03 Comb. in manufacturing industry 04_01 Production processes, high altitude 04_02 Production processes, low altitude 05 Extr. and distr. of fossil fuels and geoth. energy 06 Solvent and other product use 07_2 Road transp. diesel 07_5 Road transp. non-exhaust (tire, break...) 07_6 Road transp. non-exhaust (resuspension) 08 Other mobil sources and machinery 09 Waste treatment and disposal 10 Agriculture Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April %
5 PM emissions 2005 in Germany from SNAP 2: (non-industrial combustion processess (residential, agriculture, military, PM10 others) 4.9% 1.6% 1.9% 4.9% 4.7% 4.6% Only fuels with PM10 share > 0.5% considered PM 10 Emissions SNAP 2: t PM 2.5 Emissions SNAP 2: t 97% of wood combustion emissions are caused by residential combustion, 3% caused by heating in agriculture 77.3% Brennholz, wood naturbelassen Braunkohlenbriketts Lignite coal, briquettes Steinkohlenbriketts Hard coal, briquettes Heizöl, Fuel oil, leicht light Holzabfälle Waste wood (Resthölzer) Steinkohle Hard coal Grillkohle Barbecue coal Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
6 Calculation of emissions from resuspension Emission factors based on measurements and modelling (Lohmeyer et al, 2004, Gehrig et al 2004, Thorpe et al 2007, Etyemezian et al., 2003), summarized in Schaap et al (TNO) Distinction between heavy duty vehicles and light duty vehicles/passenger cars (HDV and LDV/PC) and between Highways und non-urban/urban motorways Assumptions: EF HDV >> EF LDV/PC (9:1); EF urban/non-urban >> EF Highway ; EF PM coarse >> EF PM 2,5 (9:1) Pollutant unit vehicle type Highway urban/non-urban PM10 mg/veh..km HDV, Busses PM10 mg/veh..km LDV, PC PM2.5 mg/veh..km HDV, Busses PM2.5 mg/veh..km LDV, PC 2 5 Source: Schaap et al (TNO) Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
7 PM 2.5 emissions from on-road-traffic activities in Germany PM2.5-Emissions from on-road-traffic[kt] PM2,5-Emissionen Straßenverkehr [kt] exhaust PM2,5 wear PM2,5 resuspension PM2,5 Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
8 PM 10 emissions from on-road-traffic activities in Germany PM10-Emissions from on-road-traffic[kt] exhaust PM10 wear PM10 resuspension PM10 Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
9 Methodology for spatial resolution Point sources Coordinates Spatial resolved Emissions Line sources Area sources Regional proxy data Emissions at administrative Units (e.g. NUTS 2) Transport network Land use Emission Regionalisation Distribution Visualized emission maps Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
10 Emission model: proxy data Point sources: i. Data collection: capacities, emissions and coordinates (power plants, iron- und steelworks, refineries, cement production, airports, refineries ) ii. Data sources: UBA power plant data base, EPER, industrial associations, LTO statistic, ) Line sources i. Data collection: traffic counts for roads, indicators for ship and trains ii. Data sources: German traffic agency (BAST), length of train net, national shipping statistics, etc. Area sources: i. Data collection: landuse data, population density, employees divided by branch, animal numbers, ii. Data sources: Corine Landcover 2000, regional statistic on county level, Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
11 Distribution parameters for Germany Point sources Line sources Area sources Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
12 Point sources Data sources Eurostat, EPER, GFK Number of Point sources: 1224 Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
13 Allocation of German power plants Power plants, 2005 Power plants, planned Status until 2016 ca. 50 Power plants (43 GW) Source: RWE AG (2007) Fuels Fuels and load Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
14 Effective emission heights of point sources (in Germany) Power stations 50 MW Combustion plants 50 MW (solid, liquid) Combustion plants 50 MW (gas) Combustion plants 1 to < 50 MW Gas turbines 50 MW Dry distillation of coal, wood etc. Cement production Other mineral products Roasting, smelting, sintering of ores Primary pig iron & non ferrous metals prod. Steel production, iron & steel smelting Calculated average maximum emission heights from point sources in Germany (neutral temperature stratification, 4m/s average wind speed, emission weighted values) Non ferrous metal smelting, rolling Iron and steel foundries Production of chemicals Petroleum refining NOx SO2 CO Pulp, paper, chipboard production Waste incineration effective emission height [m] Pregger&Friedrich, Env. Poll. 157 (2009) Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
15 Road traffic Highways Federal state motorways Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
16 Train traffic net Data source: - Trian line net Germany, GfK Geomarketing, no information about electrified/non electrified lines) - No information about traffic amount Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
17 Inland water navigation Data sources: - German Rivers, GfK Geomarketing Statistisches Bundesamt (2006): Verkehr Binnenschiffahrtsstatistik. Fachserie 8 Reihe 4. Inland water navigation Maritime navigation in inland harbours Maritime navigation in inland harbours: Hamburg, Bremen, Bremerhaven, Duisburg, Lübeck Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
18 Resolution: Results 1/60 x1/60 ~ 1min x 1min (WGS84) ~ 1,2 km OWx1,8 NS PM 2.5 [Mg/Cell] SO2 [Mg/Cell] Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
19 PM10 emissions from woodfires in households Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
20 Results NOx [Mg/Cell] NH3 [Mg/Cell] Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
21 Results NMVOC Main source sectors: Solvent use agriculture Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
22 PM 2.5 Emissions in 2005 and 2020 PM2.5 in t Combustion in energy and transf. ind. 02 Non-industrial combustion plants 03 Combustion in manufacturing industry 04_01 Prod. processes, high altitude _01 Prod. processes, low altitude 05 Extr. and distrib. of fossil fuels and geoth. energy 06 Solvent and other product use 07_2 Road transport diesel 07_5 Road transp. non-ehxaust (tire, break...) 07_6 Road transp. non-ehxaust (resusp.) 08 Other mobil sources and machinery 09 Waste treatment and disposal 10 Agriculture Gesamt Sum Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
23 PM 2.5 Emissions 2005 and 2020 (all sources) Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
24 PM 2.5 Emissions 2005 und 2020 ( only diesel traffic) Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
25 Conclusion New and improved emission inventories has been developed in very high spatial and better vertical resolution Considered polutants: PM2.5 and precursors plus PM10 Resuspension has been implemented A new distribution methodology for emissions from woodfires in private households has been developed The emissions from trains and shipping has been improved (including inland sea shipping) Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
26 Thank you for your attention! Jochen Theloke Workshop Measurement and Modelling of PM2.5 in Europe 23. April
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