Beach Name City No. of Fire Rings LOS ANGELES COUNTY Total = 79. ORANGE COUNTY Total = 687
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1 Newport Beach June 13th El Segundo June 14th
2 Background Newport Beach request to the Coastal Commission to remove fire rings Commission staff cited exemption in SCAQMD rules as justification to deny request Large number of fire rings close to where people live, work, & play Wood smoke poses a localized health impact on beach goers and nearby residents
3 Beach Name City No. of Fire Rings LOS ANGELES COUNTY Total = 79 Dockweiler State Beach Playa del Rey 73 Cabrillo Beach San Pedro 6 ORANGE COUNTY Total = 687 Bolsa Chica State Beach Huntington Beach 178 Huntington City Beach Huntington Beach 112 Huntington State Beach Huntington Beach 240 Balboa/Newport 33 Balboa Beach Beach Corona Del Mar State Beach Newport Beach 27 Aliso Beach County Park South Laguna 7 Doheny State Beach Dana Point 72 Capistrano Beach Park Capistrano 4 North Beach San Clemente 5 San Clemente City Beach San Clemente 9 * Not intended to be an all inclusive list. 3
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5 Agency Positions on Wood Smoke California Air Resources Board Wood smoke a serious threat to public health Aggravates lung and heart disease Can cause 10% increase in children's hospital admissions for respiratory symptoms U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Wood smoke can affect everyone Children, persons with existing health conditions most vulnerable Health risks can be reduced by switching to gaseous fuels
6 PM Health Guidance National Ambient Air Quality Standards for PM2.5: Annual Average: 12 mg/m 3 24 Hour Average: 35 mg/m 3 Guidance for Public Health Officials for Wildfire Smoke Recommended protective measures based upon shorter term PM exposure Includes Time frames as short as 1 to 3 hours for both PM2.5 and PM10: mg/m 3 - Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups (USG) mg/m 3 - Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations mg/m 3 - Very Unhealthy Lipsett, Michael and Barbara Materna, Wildfire Smoke A Guide for Public Health Officials, 2008.
7 Beach Fire Pit Emissions Assessed the emissions of a single fire ring for one evening One fire event assumed to burn 2 bundles of wood (approx. 32 lbs total) Assumed CARB fireplace emission factor Compared emissions to that of an average onroad 2013 Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (HDDV) One fire pit in one evening estimated to emit as much PM2.5 as one Heavy-Duty Diesel Truck driving 564 miles
8 SCAQMD Monitoring Studies Purpose Assess potential for human exposure to wood smoke from beach fires Approach Deploy a combination of monitoring technologies and sampling strategies Other Considerations Shifting meteorology, variable activity levels, technology limitations
9 Gradient Surveys Objective: Assess the PM impacts of the Beach Fires at multiple locations downwind over the course of an evening Methods: TSI Inc. DustTrak DRX Measures PM1, PM2.5, PM10 on a second-by-second basis Advantages: small, portable, high time resolution, good survey tool for relative measurements Limitations: not certified to federal reference method criteria. A drying inlet implemented to remove humidity effects
10 Preliminary Results: Corona Del Mar 3/30/13 10 Minute Average PM 10 Relative to Background Levels Ratios to Lowest Observe Measurement Fire pits 4.9 Stationary Monitor
11 Night Wind Preliminary Results: Balboa Beach 3/23/13 10 Minute Average PM 2.5 Relative to Background Mobile Measurements: 10 minute averages Measurements: 7pm to 10pm average Fire pits Fire pits
12 Preliminary Results: Dockweiler State Beach 4/20/13 10 Minute Average PM 2.5 Relative to Background Fire pits
13 Preliminary Results: Huntington Beach 4/13/13 10 Min Average PM 2.5 Relative to Background Background
14 Preliminary Results: Huntington Beach 4/27/13 Gradient 1 Gradient 2 Gradient 3
15 Estimated PM2.5 Relative to Background Level Preliminary Results: Huntington Beach 4/27/ Gradient 1 Gradient 2 Gradient 3 I freeway (SCAQMD, 2012) I freeway (Zhu et al., 2002) Distance from Source (meters)
16 Preliminary Results: Doheny State Beach 06/01/13 20 minute Average PM 2.5 Ratio to Background Fire Pits
17 Estimated PM2.5 Relative to Background Level Preliminary Results: Doheny State Beach 06/01/ Gradient 1 Gradient 2 I-710 freeway (SCAQMD, 2012) I-405 freeway (Zhu et al., 2002) Distance from Source (meters)
18 Fixed-Site Monitoring Objective: Assess the PM impacts of the Beach Fires at a fixed locations, continuously over time Methods: E-BAM Measures PM2.5 on an hourly basis Advantages: portable, low power, same measurement principle as a Federal Equivalent Method Limitations: less accurate at low levels Aethalometer Measures Black Carbon, an indicator of combustion, on a continuous basis Condensation Particle Counter (CPC) - Measures Ultrafine particles, indicative of nearby sources of combustion
19 4/12/13 0:00 4/12/13 12:00 4/13/13 0:00 4/13/13 12:00 4/14/13 0:00 4/14/13 12:00 4/15/13 0:00 4/15/13 12:00 4/16/13 0:00 4/16/13 12:00 4/17/13 0:00 4/17/13 12:00 4/18/13 0:00 4/18/13 12:00 4/19/13 0:00 4/19/13 12:00 4/20/13 0:00 4/20/13 12:00 4/21/13 0:00 4/21/13 12:00 4/22/13 0:00 4/22/13 12:00 4/23/13 0:00 4/23/13 12:00 4/24/13 0:00 4/24/13 12:00 4/25/13 0:00 4/25/13 12:00 4/26/13 0:00 4/26/13 12:00 4/27/13 0:00 4/27/13 12:00 4/28/13 0:00 4/28/13 12:00 4/29/13 0:00 4/29/13 12:00 4/30/13 0:00 4/30/13 12:00 5/1/13 0:00 5/1/13 12:00 5/2/13 0:00 Hourly Average PM2.5 (ug/m3) Huntington Beach Preliminary Data: PM2.5 Hourly Average Time Series Date/Time EBAM 1 E-BAM 5 USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Unhealthy 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations
20 Hourly Average PM2.5 (ug/m3) 4/23/2013 0:00 4/24/2013 0:00 4/25/2013 0:00 4/26/2013 0:00 4/27/2013 0:00 4/28/2013 0:00 4/29/2013 0:00 4/30/2013 0:00 5/1/2013 0:00 5/2/2013 0:00 5/3/2013 0:00 5/4/2013 0:00 5/5/2013 0:00 5/6/2013 0:00 5/7/2013 0:00 5/8/2013 0:00 5/9/2013 0:00 5/10/2013 0:00 5/11/2013 0:00 5/12/2013 0:00 5/13/2013 0:00 5/14/2013 0:00 5/15/2013 0:00 5/16/2013 0:00 5/17/2013 0:00 5/18/2013 0:00 5/19/2013 0:00 5/20/2013 0:00 5/21/2013 0:00 5/22/2013 0:00 5/23/2013 0:00 5/24/2013 0:00 5/25/2013 0:00 5/26/2013 0:00 5/27/2013 0:00 5/28/2013 0:00 5/29/2013 0:00 5/30/2013 0:00 5/31/2013 0:00 6/1/2013 0:00 6/2/2013 0:00 6/3/2013 0:00 6/4/2013 0:00 6/5/2013 0: Corona Del Mar Preliminary Data: PM 2.5 Hourly Average Time Series Date/Time Corona del Mar PM2.5 (ug/m3) USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Corona del Mar PM2.5 B (ug/m3) Unhealthy 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations
21 4/27/2013 0:00 4/27/2013 6:00 4/27/ :00 4/27/ :00 4/28/2013 0:00 4/28/2013 6:00 4/28/ :00 4/28/ :00 4/29/2013 0:00 4/29/2013 6:00 4/29/ :00 4/29/ :00 4/30/2013 0:00 4/30/2013 6:00 4/30/ :00 4/30/ :00 5/1/2013 0:00 Hourly Average PM2.5 (ug/m 3 ) Corona del Mar Preliminary Data: 4/27 to 5/01/13 PM 2.5 Hourly Average Time Series Sat Sun Mon Tues Corona del Mar PM2.5 (ug/m3) USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Date/Time Corona del Mar PM2.5 B (ug/m3) Unhealthy 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations Evening Hours
22 4/3/13 0:00 4/4/13 0:00 4/5/13 0:00 4/6/13 0:00 4/7/13 0:00 4/8/13 0:00 4/9/13 0:00 4/10/13 0:00 4/11/13 0:00 4/12/13 0:00 4/13/13 0:00 4/14/13 0:00 4/15/13 0:00 4/16/13 0:00 4/17/13 0:00 4/18/13 0:00 4/19/13 0:00 4/20/13 0:00 4/21/13 0:00 4/22/13 0:00 4/23/13 0:00 4/24/13 0:00 4/25/13 0:00 4/26/13 0:00 4/27/13 0:00 4/28/13 0:00 4/29/13 0:00 4/30/13 0:00 5/1/13 0:00 5/2/13 0:00 5/3/13 0:00 5/4/13 0:00 5/5/13 0:00 5/6/13 0:00 5/7/13 0:00 5/8/13 0:00 5/9/13 0:00 5/10/13 0:00 5/11/13 0:00 5/12/13 0:00 5/13/13 0:00 5/14/13 0:00 5/15/13 0:00 5/16/13 0:00 5/17/13 0:00 5/18/13 0:00 5/19/13 0:00 5/20/13 0:00 5/21/13 0:00 5/22/13 0:00 5/23/13 0:00 5/24/13 0:00 5/25/13 0:00 5/26/13 0:00 5/27/13 0:00 5/28/13 0:00 5/29/13 0:00 5/30/13 0:00 5/31/13 0:00 6/1/13 0:00 6/2/13 0:00 6/3/13 0:00 6/4/13 0:00 6/5/13 0:00 Hourly Average PM2.5 (ug/m3) 250 Balboa Beach Preliminary Data: PM 2.5 Hourly Average Time Series Date/Time Balboa Beach PM2.5 (ug/m3) USG 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) Unhealthy 1 to 3 hour (ug/m3) USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations
23 Maximum Hourly PM2.5 Concentration (ug/m3) 800 Preliminary Results: Maximum Hourly PM 2.5 Concentration Comparison Station Fire (2009) July 4th, 2012 South Coast Basin (2012) Huntington Beach Corona del Mar Balboa Beach USG = Unhealthy for Sensitive Groups Unhealthy consider canceling public events, based on public health and travel considerations
24 Filter analysis Corona del Mar (3/30 to 4/19), Huntington Beach (4/24 to current) - PM2.5 Mass (24 hour average) Daily Samples All below 12.5 ug/m3, under the 24 hour NAAQS level (35 ug/m3) One day nearly 40 ug/m3, day had very high gusty winds - PM10 mass (4 hour sample, 4/6) - One Sample Only Sample collected from 5 to 9pm with burning activity shown to have PM10 mass concentration of 95 ug/m3. 30% higher concentration than sample collected from 1 to 5pm Elevated levels of Potassium, an indicator for wood smoke
25 Preliminary Air Monitoring Conclusions Beach fire activity is impacting PM2.5 levels at the beach and extending into neighboring communities Concentrations can be over 10 times background levels for short periods of time in beach parking areas, up to 3 times background at residential locations 1-hour average PM concentrations can exceed public health guidance levels Some measurements are higher than observed across the Basin over a whole year
26 Proposed Rule 444 Amendments Initial proposal prohibited all beach burning (March 21, 2013) Revised Language released on June 6, 2013 Provision for cities to remove rings if they are declared to be a public nuisance All rings more than 700 feet from residences are allowed Spacing requirements if within 700 feet 100 feet apart, or 50 feet apart if 15 or less pits in a city No-burn days if high particulate levels are forecast in that coastal area Only applicable to pits on the sand
27 Impacts of Revised Proposal Provides additional authority and discretion to cities to remove fire rings through a nuisance declaration If a city does not make a nuisance declaration All fire rings outside 700 ft. residential buffer zone are still allowed at any spacing Fire rings within 700 ft. zone subject to spacing requirements (50 or 100 ft.) Burning is subject to coastal no-burn days (once in last 3 years) Net effect: Huntington State Beach: ~30 rings would be moved or spaced out Doheny State Beach: ~20 of 60 rings would be moved or spaced out Aliso, San Clemente: slight shifting of rings would meet requirements
28 Next steps Seek public input Continue field sampling as necessary Continue to report findings to public as they become available Continue to work with potentially impacted cities and state parks Demonstration project for propane and natural gas beach fire options Public Hearing scheduled for July 12, 2013
29
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