Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the physical effects of Broken Heart Syndrome

Transcription

1 Rife 1 Ellie Rife Sentence Outline for Informative Speech CO215: Public Speaking Kevin Miller, Ph. D. Huntington University 16 October 2015 PREPARATION LIST Topic: The Physical Effects of Broken Heart Syndrome General Purpose: To inform Specific Purpose: To inform my audience about the physical effects of Broken Heart Syndrome Thesis: Broken Heart Syndrome has physical effects that can be fatal, but can be treated. Outline Organization of Main Points: Problem-Solution INTRODUCTION [Attention getter] Isabella and John were an elderly couple who were inseparable. When Isabella was diagnosed with cancer, John tried to hang on and live for his children and grandchildren. However, he slipped into depression. Isabella later passed away and five months to the day after Isabella s death, John died of a literal broken heart. [Story: Isabel Debowski] [Audience connection] Have you ever been in a relationship, experienced a bad breakup, and have had a broken heart, or maybe have been under a lot of stress? Oftentimes we speak of broken hearts without any realization that they can sometimes actually be a medical condition.

2 Rife 2 [Topic Orientation step] The physical effects of Broken Heart Syndrome can be fatal. [Thesis] My thesis is that broken heart syndrome has physical effects that can be fatal, but can be treated. [Preview step] First we will look at what broken heart syndrome is. Secondly, we will look at the physical effects of broken heart syndrome. Third, we will discuss how therapy can be issued once the cause has been determined. [Transition: First you may be wondering what broken heart syndrome actually is] BODY I. Broken Heart Syndrome is a left ventricular systolic dysfunction of the heart due to extreme emotional stress. A. This condition is referred to as Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy and apical ballooning. 1. Cardiomyopathy is defined as a chronic disease of the heart muscles. 2. According to the Department of Cardiology at Texas Heart Institute, In 70% to 80% of cases, the cardiomyopathy is characterized by left ventricular systolic dysfunction. [Quote: DCTHI] i. Left ventricular dysfunction is a sudden weakening of the muscular portion of the heart. 3. Left ventricular dysfunction, also called apical ballooning was originally named by Japanese doctors as Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy, a Japanese word that means octopus trap. [Paraphrase: US National Library of Medicine Institutes of Health]

3 Rife 3 B. [Transparency #1] According to US National Library of Medicine National Institutes of Health, during end-diastolic in apical ballooning, the heart has a wide base and a long thin neck, resembling an octopus trap which is a pot that has a wide base and a thin neck. The image labeled A represents diastole. The image labeled B represents systole. [Paraphrase: USNLMIH] 1. Diastolic refers to the heart muscles relaxing to allow the ventricles to fill with blood. 2. Systolic refers to the contraction of these muscles to pump blood. C. There are emotional and physical triggers that are associated with the cause of broken heart syndrome. 1. Emotional triggers could be the death of a loved one, a natural disaster, public speaking, or even a surprise birthday party. Typically observed in women. 2. The most common physical trigger is a surgical procedure and is typically observed in men. [Transition: You may be surprised to discover what the symptoms of broken heart syndrome are sometimes mistaken for.] II. The physical effects of Broken Heart Syndrome are similar to a heart attack. A. The most common symptoms that mimic a heart attack and are found in broken heart syndrome include shortness of breath and chest pain. B. Cardiogenic shock can be involved in broken heart syndrome. 1. Cardiogenic shock is a condition in which the rapidly weakened heart is inhibited from efficiently pumping enough blood to meet the body s needs.

4 Rife 4 2. Cardiogenic shock is the most common cause of death when individuals die from a heart attack. [Fact: American Heart Association.] C. The differences between a heart attack and broken heart syndrome 1. The main difference between a heart attack and broken heart syndrome is that unlike a heart attack, broken heart syndrome is not characterized by clogged arteries, but rather emotional trauma i. Dr. Wittstein, author of the definitive study on what is called Broken-Heart Syndrome in the New England Journal of Medicine states that what we believe happens is that the body produces a large amount of stress hormones, like adrenaline. When produced in large amounts, it can actually be somewhat toxic to the heart. [Quote: Dr. Wittstein] [Transition: What can a person expect as treatment if they are diagnosed with broken heart syndrome?] III. Therapy can be issued once the cause has been determined. A. If the cause is known, then the patient will receive supportive care and the root cause will be addressed. 1. However, if further treatment is needed then doctors will issue standard heart-failure therapy, such as beta-blockers. 2. Beta-blockers are a drug used to prevent stimulation of receptors that increase the action of the heart.

5 Rife 5 i. They are used to control heart rhythm, treat chest pain, and reduce high blood pressure. B. Although there are fatalities, the prognosis of broken heart syndrome is generally very good. 1. According to the Department of Cardiology at Texas Heart Institute, the mortality rates of broken heart syndrome range from 0 to 8%, and in one report the risk of reoccurrence was reported to be 10% over a four year period. [Statistic: DCTHI] 2. Dr. Wittstein explains that oftentimes they will see patients in the hospital who come in with a sudden heart weakness. He discovered that these people undergo this after being subjected to extreme emotional stress. Usually this emotional stress sprouts from the death of a loved one. i. He estimates that 10,000 Americans undergo this every year. [Paraphrase: Dr. Wittstein] CONCLUSION [Topic and thesis summary] In conclusion, many of the individuals who die from broken heart syndrome are elderly couples who have lost their spouse. Broken heart syndrome can be fatal due to its imitation of a heart attack. However, generally the prognosis for those who experience it is very good.

6 Rife 6 Works Cited Andrade, Ambar A., and Raymond F. Stainback. Takotsubo Cardiomyopathy. Texas Heart Institute Journal, 19 Oct Web. 15 Oct Broken-heart Syndrome: Joined Together in Love, and in Death. CBSNews. CBS Interactive, n. d. Web. 15 Oct Cramer, M.J.M., B. De Boeck, P.G. Melman, and G-J. Sieswerda. The broken Heart Syndrome: What Can Be Learned from the Tears of Distress? Netherlands Heart Journal. Bohn Stafleu Van Loghum, 15 Sept Web. 15 Oct Debowski, Isabela. Broken Heart Syndrome (Takotsubo) True Stories about Couples Dying Together from a Broken Heart. Hubpages. N. p., n. d. Web. 15 Oct Is Broken Heart Syndrome Real? Is Broken Heart Syndrome Real? American Heart Association, n. d. Web Nyquist, Kate E., David W. Abramson, and Jeff C. Huffman. Apical Ballooning Syndrome: The Broken Heart Syndrome. Primary Care Companion to The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry. Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc., Web. 15 Oct