Contents. SECTION ONE Emergency Radiology: Role of Imaging. SECTION TWO Traumatic Injuries: Imaging and Intervention

Transcription

1 SECTION ONE Emergency Radiology: Role of Imaging 1.1 Role of Imaging in the Management of Trauma Victims P.-A. Poletti, A. Platon, C.D. Becker Introduction Imaging Algorithms for Trauma Patients Sonography CT Scan Follow-up Imaging during Conservative Treatment References Role of 3D Imaging in the Emergency Room L. Husmann, S. Leschka, H. Alkadhi, S. Wildermuth Introduction Imaging Conclusion References SECTION TWO Traumatic Injuries: 2.1 Hemostatic Arterial Embolization in Trauma Victims at Admission R.F. Dondelinger, G. Trotteur,B.Ghaye Introduction Classification of Trauma Patients Trauma Patient Triage with Computed Tomography Indications of Therapeutic Arteriography Arteriographic Demonstration of Posttraumatic Hemorrhage Arteriographic Hemostatic Embolization Technique Organ-Specific Hemostatic Embolization Conclusion References in Post-traumatic Complications (Delayed Intervention) P.P. Goffette Introduction Liver and Bile Ducts Spleen Pancreas Kidneys, Adrenals, Urinary Bladder Gastrointestinal Tract Vascular Complications Diaphragm Conclusion References Imaging of Head Injuries N. Bešenski Introduction Clinical Findings Imaging Biomechanical Considerations of Brain Injury Classification of Brain Injury Closed-Head Injury Imaging of Diffuse Axonal Injury (Shearing Injury) Early Secondary Lesions in Brain Injury Late Sequelae of Trauma Conclusion References Imaging of Facial Injuries U. Salvolini, G. Polonara, S. Salvolini Introduction Imaging Nasal Fractures Complex Midfacial Fractures Isolated Fractures Foreign Bodies and Penetrating Injuries Complex Facial Fractures Mandibular Fractures Conclusion References

2 X 2.5 Imaging of Spinal Injuries H. Imhof Introduction Injury Assessment and Imaging Imaging Classification References Imaging of Thoracic Injuries G. Gavelli, G. Napoli, P. Bertaccini, G. Battista, R. Fattori Introduction Clinical and Imaging Findings Conclusion References Vascular Injuries of the Thorax: Multi-Detector-Row CT and 3D Imaging H. Alkadhi, S. Leschka, S. Wildermuth Introduction Clinical Findings Imaging Conclusion References Imaging of Abdominal and Pelvic Injuries S. Leschka, H. Alkadhi, L. Husmann, S. Wildermuth Introduction Clinical Findings Imaging Conclusion References of Large Arterial Trauma M. Schoder, M. Prokop, J. Lammer Introduction Supraaortic Arch Vessels Pelvic Arteries and Lower Limbs Thoracic Aorta Abdominal Aorta Abdominal Aortic Branches Conclusion References Pelvic Fractures N.H. Theumann, P. Schnyder, F. Portier Introduction Incidence Anatomy and Biomechanics Imaging Classifications Pelvic Trauma Management Complications Conclusion References Traumatic Injuries: Imaging of Peripheral Musculoskeletal Injuries M.A. Müller, S. Wildermuth, K. Bohndorf Introduction General Part: Imaging Modalities Soft Tissue Injuries in General Upper Extremity Lower Extremity References SECTION THREE Non-Traumatic Neurologic Emergencies: 3.1 Imaging of Cerebral Ischemia I. Grunwald,C.Roth, P.Papanagiotou,W.Reith Introduction Intracerebral Hemorrhage Acute Ischemic Stroke Clinical Terms of Stroke Lacunar Infarctions Stroke in Children Dissection Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy Venous Infarction References Neuroradiological Emergency Interventions C. Brekenfeld, J. Gralla, R. Wiest, M. El-Koussy, L. Remonda, C. Ozdoba, G. Schroth Introduction Acute Haemorrhage in Neuroradiology Acute Ischaemic Stroke Discussion References SECTION FOUR Non-Traumatic Thoracic Emergencies: 4.1 Acute Chest Pain: Diagnostic Strategies L. Bonomo, M.L. Storto, A.R. Larici, R. Marano Introduction Diagnostic Imaging in Non-cardiac Acute Chest Pain Aortic Diseases Multidector-Row CT and Acute Chest Pain References CT Diagnosis of Acute Pulmonary Embolism B. Ghaye and R.F. Dondelinger Introduction History The CTPA Technique Image Interpretation Estimation of the Age of the Embolus

3 XI Results Interpretation Pitfalls Severity Assessment of Pulmonary Embolism Alternative Diagnoses Other Advantages Limitations of CTPA CT of PE in Emergency Conditions Conclusion References CT Venography in an Integrated Diagnostic Strategy of Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Venous Thrombosis B. Ghaye and R.F. Dondelinger Introduction History Diagnostic Imaging of DVT Direct CT Venography Indirect CT Venography Venous Anatomy Image Interpretation Interpretive Pitfalls Potential Benefits of Combined CTPA and CTV Clinical Results Conclusion References Imaging and Treatment of Thoracic Fluid and Gas Collections C. Noukoua Tchuisse, B. Ghaye, R.F. Dondelinger Introduction Diagnostic Imaging Imaging Guidance Modalities Percutaneous Drainage of Thoracic Fluid Collections Pulmonary Collections Mediastinal Collections Complications of Percutaneous Catheter Drainage Conclusion References SECTION FIVE Non-Traumatic Abdominal Emergencies: 5.1 Acute Abdominal Pain: Diagnostic Strategies S. Leschka, H. Alkadhi, S.Wildermuth, B. Marincek Introduction Clinical Findings Imaging Conclusion References Imaging of Acute Intestinal Obstruction P. Taourel, C. Uriot, G. Laffargue, A. Lesnik, F. Guillon, J.M. Bruel Introduction Diagnosis of Mechanical Obstruction Diagnosis of Site Diagnosis of Cause Diagnosis of Complications Impact and Diagnostic Strategy References in Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage and Ischemia J.I. Bilbao Jaureguízar, I.Vivas Pérez, D. Cano Rafart, A. Martínez de la Cuesta Introduction Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Intestinal Ischemia References in Sepsis T. Geoghegan, M.J. Lee Introduction Ultrasound Computed Tomography Radionuclide Scintigraphy Diagnostic Fluid Aspiration Percutaneous Abscess Drainage Results of Percutaneous Abscess Drainage Conclusion References in Acute Biliary Conditions Y. Menu and M.-P.Vuillerme Introduction Acute Cholecystitis Emphysematous Cholecystitis Gangrenous Cholecystitis Perforation of the Gallbladder Mirizzi Syndrome Cholecystostomy Acute Cholangitis Conclusion References in Acute Pancreatic Conditions G. Mansueto, D. Cenzi, A.A. Gumbs, M. D Onofrio Introduction Pancreatic Infections Involvement of Adjacent Organs, Structures and Spaces Vascular Involvement References

4 XII 5.7 Non-traumatic Uroradiological Emergencies D. Rickards Introduction Obstruction of the Upper Urinary Tract Treatment of Acute Urinary Obstruction Spontaneous Haemorrhage from the Urinary Tract Spontaneous Bladder Rupture Testicular Torsion Priapism References SECTION SIX Non-Traumatic Vascular Emergencies: 6.1 in Acute Non- Traumatic Arterial Conditions W. Cwikiel Introduction Pulmonary and Bronchial Arteries Acute Arterial Gastrointestinal Bleeding Conclusion References in Acute Venous Occlusion P. Haage and T. Krings Introduction Acute Venous Occlusion of the Lower Extremity Acute Pelvic Vein and Inferior Vena Cava Occlusion Acute Mesenteric Vein Occlusion Acute Venous Occlusion of the Upper Extremity Acute Venous Occlusion of Arteriovenous Hemodialysis Access Acute Cerebral Vein Thrombosis References Management of Occluded Hemodialysis Shunts, Grafts, and Venous Access D. Vorwerk Introduction Clinical Situation Complications Technique of Fibrinolysis Technique of Catheter Stripping References SECTION SEVEN Imaging Pediatric Emergencies 7.1 Pediatric Neurological Emergencies J.W.J. McCann and E.Phelan Introduction Clinical Findings Hypoxic Ischaemic Encephalopathy The Preterm Infant The Term Infant Congenital Infection Acquired Infection Non-accidental Injury Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis Hypertensive Encephalopathy Cerebral Sinovenous Thrombosis and Venous Infarction Arterial Infarction Metabolic Disorders Drugs: Asparaginase, Methotrexate and Cyclosporin Epilepsy: Structural Abnormalities Endocrine-Related Encephalopathy Conclusion References Thoracic Emergencies L. Breysem and M.-H. Smet Introduction The Chest and Respiratory Tract in Children: Physiological Aspects and Differences with Adults Clinical Symptoms Imaging of Non-traumatic Pediatric Thoracic Emergencies Imaging of Traumatic Pediatric Thoracic Emergencies Conclusion References Non-traumatic Abdominal Emergencies M.I. Tawil Introduction Imaging The Diseases Conclusion References Subject Index

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