Hofmann, L.V., 1, 40 Hon, M., 55 Hopkins, L.N., 202. Karwowski, J., 151 Katz, D.S., 55 Kaufman, J.A., 96 Kee, S.T., 23, 68, 136 Kuo, W.T.

Transcription

1 AUTHOR INDEX Ahmed, A., 123 Arko, F., 151 Bello, J.A., 196 Bolia, A., 16 Brook, A.L., 196 Bulger, C.M., 50 CaRESS Steering Committee, 194 Chong, B., 187 Chung, H-H, 155 Coffman, J.M., 6 Connors, J.J., III, 210 Cynamon, J., 16 Dake, M.D., 23, 68 Deitelzweig, S., 63 Frisoli, J.K., 111, 136 Gerson, L.B., 130 Gooding, J.M., 6 Guterman, L.R., 202 Hanel, R.A., 202 Hellinger, J.C., 160 Hofmann, L.V., 1, 40 Hon, M., 55 Hopkins, L.N., 202 Jacobs, C., 50 Jaff, M.R., 63 Karwowski, J., 151 Katz, D.S., 55 Kaufman, J.A., 96 Kee, S.T., 23, 68, 136 Kuo, W.T., 143 Laberge, J.M., 112 Lee, E.W., 112 Levy, E.I., 202 Liddell, R.P., 40 Lim, J.K., 123 Lipsitz, E.C., 16 Machan, L., 28 Mewissen, M.W., 2 Mirsky, D.M., 196 Murphy, K.D., 49, 79, 105 Nadal, L.L., 16 Nemcek, A.A., Jr., 86 Padidar, A., 23 Patel, N.H., 50 Ponec, D.J., 6 Raabe, R., 187 Rastogi, S., 33 Razavi, M.K., 23, 68, 155 Saketkhoo, R.R., 23 Saxon, R.R., 6 Semba, C.P., 68 Stavropoulos, S.W., 33, 91 Sze, D.Y., 23, 68, 136 Van Dam, J., 130 Weiss, C.R., 40 Wholey, Mark H., 167, 168, 215 Wholey, Michael H., 168, 215 Yadav, J.S., 190 SUBJECT INDEX Age, as factor in acute DVT, 50-51, 51f, 51t Aneurysm(s), cerebral, stent-assisted management of, advances in, , 204f-206f Angiogenesis described, factors in, 40-41, 41t therapeutic, 40-48, 41f-44f, 41t. See also Therapeutic angiogenesis Angiography catheter, vs. noninvasive vascular imaging, in carotid revascularization in stroke prevention, , 197f-200f in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, , 118t, 119f in lower GI bleeding management, magnetic resonance, in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, 121 MDCT, in mesenteric ischemia evaluation, , 161t-163t, 164f- 166f. See also Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, in mesenteric ischemia evaluation in small intestine evaluation, Angioplasty balloon, for peripheral vascular disease, 36, 37f iliac artery, for chronic arterial occlusions, subintimal angioplasty vs., 20 infrapopliteal, for peripheral vascular disease, 33-39, 34f, 35t, 36t, 37f. See also Infrapopliteal angioplasty, for peripheral vascular disease stent-assisted, for intracranial atherosclerosis, , 204f subintimal. See also Subintimal angioplasty for chronic arterial occlusions, 16-22, 17f-19f. See also Subintimal angioplasty, for chronic arterial occlusions Anticardiolipin, acute DVT due to, 52 Anticoagulant(s) FDA approved, 64t in infrapopliteal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease, 35 lupus, acute DVT due to, 52 Antiplatelet agents, in infrapopliteal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease, 35 Antispasmodics, in infrapopliteal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease, 35 ARCHeR, status of, 183 Arterial occlusions, chronic, subintimal angioplasty for, 16-22, 17f-19f. See also Subintimal angioplasty, for chronic arterial occlusions Arteriogenesis, 42, 42f, 43f Arteriography, CO 2, in lower GI bleeding management, 145 Artery(ies) femoral, endografts in, 6-15, 7f-11f, 7t. See also Endograft(s), in femoral and popliteal arteries internal carotid. See Internal carotid artery (ICA) popliteal, endografts in, 6-15, 7f-11f, 7t. See also Endograft(s), in femoral and popliteal arteries ASpire stent-graft, 7, 8f Atherosclerosis, intracranial, stent-assisted angioplasty for, , 204f Balloon(s), cutting, for peripheral vascular disease, 36 Balloon angioplasty, for peripheral vascular disease, 36, 37f BEACH Registry, status of, 182 Bird s Nest Filter, 91 Bleeding gastrointestinal, differential diagnosis of, , 113t, 114f, 115t, 116f, 117t, 118t, 119f, 120f gatroesophageal variceal, endoscopic approach to treatment of upper GI and,

2 Subject Index 227 CABERNET, status of, 182 CARESS Registry, status of, 183 CaRESS (Carotid Revascularization Using Endarterectomy or Stenting Systems) Trial, Data Safety and Monitoring Board of, 195 principal investigators in, 195 Steering Committee of, 195 Carotid artery occlusive disease, endovascular procedures for, , 169t, 170f, 171t, 182f-180f, 182t carotid stent technique, , 172f-177f access to common carotid artery in, , 172f complications of, , 178f-180f filter retrieval in, , 175f-177f final angiogram in, , 175f-177f getting distal protection device access past lesions and into ICA in, 172 in neurological event diagnosis, in neurological event management, 180, 180f postprocedure care, 175 predilating lesion in, results of, 181 stent deployment and postdilation in, 173, 173f, 174f carotid stenting current status of, 184 development of, cerebral protection devices for, , 170f, 171t results of, 181 clinical trials with, , 182t ARCHeR, 182, 183 BEACH Registry, 182 CABERNET, 182 CARESS Registry, 183 CASCADE, 183 CAVATAS, 181 CREST, 183 European trials and registries, German Carotid Artery Stent Registry, 182 ICSS, MAVErlC Registry, SAPPHIRE, SECURITY, 182 SPACE, 184 historical background of, 168 introduction to, 168, 169t patient preparation for, 171 Carotid revascularization, in stroke prevention, , 197f-200f Carotid Revascularization Using Endarterectomy or Stenting Systems (CaRESS) Trial, See also CaRESS (Carotid Revascularization Using Endarterectomy or Stenting Systems) Trial Carotid stent technique, for carotid artery occlusive disease, , 172f- 177f. See also Carotid artery occlusive disease, endovascular procedures for, carotid stent technique Carotid stenting. See also Carotid artery occlusive disease, endovascular procedures for, carotid stent technique cervicocerebral angiographic procedures for consensus of neurovascular specialties, risks associated with, training for, current status of, 184 development of, CASCADE, status of, 183 Catheter angiography, vs. noninvasive vascular imaging, in carotid revascularization in stroke prevention, , 197f-200f Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), for lower extremity DVT, 68-78, 69f-77f, 69t agents in, 69t described, 68 heparin vs., technical approach to, 69t, 70f-77f, CAVATAS, status of, 181 CDT. See Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT) Cerebral aneurysms, stent-assisted management of, advances in, , 204f-206f Cerebral protection devices, for carotid artery occlusive disease, , 170f, 171t Cervicocerebral angiographic procedures, in carotid stenting, risks associated with, Chronic total occlusions (CTOs), of peripheral vasculature, subintimal recanalization of, IVUS guided luminar re-entry in, 23-27, 24t, 25f, 26f. See also Percutaneous bypass, for CTOs Circulation, infrainguinal, drug-eluting, 28-32, 29f-31f, 31t. See also Drug-eluting stents, in infrainguinal circulation CO 2 arteriography, in lower GI bleeding management, 145 Coil(s), in transcatheter embolization for upper GI bleeding, 137, 138f, 139f Collateral branches, subintimal angioplasty for chronic arterial occlusions and, 20 Computed tomography (CT), multidetector-row, in mesenteric ischemia evaluation, , 161t-163t, 164f-166f. See also Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, in mesenteric ischemia evaluation Computed tomography (CT)/computed tomographic angiography (CTA), in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, 121 Computed tomography venography and pulmonary angiography (CTVPA), for DVT, 56-60, 58f, 59f Contraceptive(s), oral, acute DVT due to, 51t, 52 Contrast venography, for DVT, 61 CREST, status of, 183 Crural disease, subintimal angioplasty for, 21 CT/CTA. See Computed tomography (CT)/computed tomographic angiography (CTA) CTOs. See Chronic total occlusions (CTOs) CTVPA. See Computed tomography venography and pulmonary angiography (CTVPA) Cutting balloons, for peripheral vascular disease, 36 Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) acute age as factor in, 50-51, 51f, 51t anticardiolipin and, 52 complications of, described, 50 epidemiology of, 50-54, 51f, 51t gender as factor in, 50-51, 51f HRT and, 51t, 52 hypercoagulable states and, 51t, 52 immobilization and, 51, 51t malignancy and, 51-52, 51t mortality of, 52 phlegmasia cerulea dolens and, 53 pregnancy and, 51t, 52 pulmonary embolism and, race as factor in, risk factors for, 50-52, 51f, 51t surgery and, 51, 51t trauma and, 50-51, 51t current, imaging of, 55-62, 56f-61f combined CTVPA, 56-60, 58f, 59f contrast venography, 61 MRI, 60-61, 60f nuclear medicine imaging, 61 endovascular therapy for, See also Endovascular therapy, for DVT iliofemoral, 68, 69f lower extremity, CDT for, 68-78, 69f-77f, 69t. See also Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), for lower extremity DVT PMT for, 79-85, 80f-83f, 80t, 84t. See also Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT), for DVT treatment of, goals of, 64t upper extremity, diagnostic tests for, 87 management of, pathophysiology of, predisposing factors for, prognosis of, 87-88

3 228 Subject Index Deep venous thrombosis (DVT), suspected, imaging of, ultrasound for, 55-56, 56f, 57f Double-balloon enteroscopy, in OGIB diagnosis, , 134f Drug-eluting stents in femoropopliteal segment, 29-31, 31f in infrainguinal circulation, 28-32, 29f-31f, 31t described, 28, 28f, 29f, 31t sirolimus-eluting stents, Embolic protection devices, , 191f, 192f proper placement of, 191, 192f Embolism, pulmonary acute DVT due to, FDA approved thrombolytic regimens for, 66, 66t Embolization, transcatheter, for upper GI bleeding, , 138f-141f. See also Transcatheter embolization, for upper GI bleeding Endograft(s), in femoral and popliteal arteries, 6-15, 7f-11f, 7t clinical outcome of, 11, 11f complications of, 11 described, 6-7, 7f, 7t results of, 11, 11f technique for, 8-11, 10f types of, 7, 7t, 8f-11f Endoprosthesis, VIABAHN, 7, 8f, 10f, 11f Endoscopy in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, 116f, in gastrointestinal bleeding management, , 124t, 125t, 127t. See also Gastrointestinal bleeding in small intestine evaluation, wireless capsule. See Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) Endovascular carotid stent program, establishment of, Endovascular stents in cerebral aneurysm management, , 204f-206f in chronic mesenteric ischemia management, 157 in intracranial occlusive disease management, , 204f-206f Endovascular therapy for carotid artery occlusive disease, , 169t, 170f, 171t, 172f-180f, 182t. See also Carotid artery occlusive disease, endovascular procedures for for chronic mesenteric ischemia, , 156f, 157f, 158t. See also Mesenteric ischemia, chronic, endovascular management of for DVT, clinical endpoints in, costs of, device technology in, 73 lack of approved thrombolytic agent in, 74 lack of awareness of, 73 lack of clinical trial data related to, 71 practice guidelines for, 74 reporting system in, safety of, Enteroscopy double-balloon, in OGIB diagnosis, , 134f push, WCE vs., in OGIB diagnosis, , 133t Extremity(ies) lower, DVT of, CDT for, 68-78, 69f-77f, 69t. See also Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), for lower extremity DVT upper, DVT of, See also Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), upper extremity Femoral arteries, endografts in, 6-15, 7f-11f, 7t. See also Endograft(s), in femoral and popliteal arteries Femoropopliteal disease, subintimal angioplasty for, Femoropopliteal (FP) segment drug-eluting, 29-31, 31f self-expanding SMART nitinol, 2-3, 3t, 4f, 5f described, 2, 3t discussion of, 3 outcome of, definitions of, 3 patient selection for, 2-3 results of, 3, 5f technique of, 2-3, 4f Filter(s). See also specific types, e.g., Günther Filter retrievable, in PMT for DVT, 82-84, 84t vena cava inferior, 91-95, 92f-94f. See also Inferior vena cava filters retrievable, , 97f-102f, 103t. See also Retrievable vena cava filters superior, , 106f-109f. See also Superior vena cava filters FP segment. See Femoropopliteal (FP) segment Gastroesophageal variceal bleeding, endoscopic approach to treatment of upper GI bleeding and, 126 Gastrointestinal bleeding angiography in, , 118t, 119f clinical evaluation of, 117 CT/CTA in, 121 diagnosis of, , 118t, 119f, 120f diagnostic algorithm for, 120f differential diagnosis of, , 113t, 114f, 115t, 116f, 117t, 118t, 119f, 120f endoscopy in, 116f, lower anatomic considerations in, 144 causes of, , 115t, 116f, , 127t described, diagnosis of, 144 treatment of angiographic techniques in, CO 2 arteriography in, 145 endoscopic approach to, intraarterial platelet infusion in, , 146f provocative bleeding studies in, transcatheter embolotherapy in, , 146f, 147f vasopression infusion in, 149 MRA in, 121 obscure causes of, 117, 117t diagnosis of, , 131f, 132f, 133t, 134f. See also Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB), diagnosis of prevalence of, 130 problems related to, 112 radionuclide imaging in, 116f, 118 surgical exploration in, 121 treatment of, endoscopic approach to, , 124t, 125t, 127t upper causes of, , 113t, 114f, 123, 124t prevalence of, 123 treatment of, , 124t endoscopic approach to, , 124t, 125t complications of, 126 failures in, 126 gastroesophageal variceal bleeding due to, 126 injection therapy, 124, 125t mechanical therapy, , 125t thermal therapy, , 125t transcatheter embolization for, , 138f-141f. See also Transcatheter embolization, for upper GI bleeding WCE in, Gender, as factor in acute DVT, 50-51, 51f GI. See Gastrointestinal Günther Filter, 96, 98f Günther Tulip Filter, 93 HEMOBAHN stent-graft, 6-7, 7f-9f, 7t, 11f Heparin CDT vs., for lower extremity DVT, unfractionated, for VTE, 63-65, 64t Hormone replacement therapy (HRT), acute DVT due to, 51t, 52 HRT. See Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) Hypercoagulable states, acute DVT due to, 51t, 52 ICA. See Internal carotid artery (ICA) ICSS, status of, Iliac artery angioplasty, for chronic arterial occlusions, subintimal angioplasty vs., 20

4 Subject Index 229 Iliofemoral DVT, 68, 69f Imaging, DVT, current, 55-62, 56f-61f. See also Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), current, imaging of Immobilization, acute DVT due to, 51, 51t Inferior vena cava filters, 91-95, 92f-94f Bird s Nest Filter, 91 complications of, 94, 94t described, 91 Günther Tulip Filter, 93, 96, 98f LGM Vena Tech Filter, 92 Optease Filter, 93 patient selection for, 91 placement of contraindications to, 91 indications for, 91 Recovery Filter, 93 results of, selection of, 94 Simon Nitinol Filter, 92 Stainless Steel Over-the-Wire Greenfield Filter, 92 Titanium Greenfield Filter, TrapEase Filter, 93 types of, 91-93, 92f, 93f Vena Tech LP Filter, 92, 93f Infrainguinal circulation, drug-eluting, 28-32, 29f-31f, 31t. See also Drug-eluting stents, in infrainguinal circulation Infrapopliteal angioplasty, for peripheral vascular disease, 33-39, 34f, 35t, 36t, 37f access in, balloon angioplasty, 36, 37f complications of, 38 cutting balloons, 36 described, 33 imaging in, 35 indications for, 33-34, 34f, 35t patient selection for, 33-34, 34f, 35t pharmacologic agents in, 35 postangioplasty assessment, 36 postprocedure care, 36, 38 results of, 36t, 38 stents, 36 subintimal angioplasty, 36 technique of, 35-37, 36t, 37f Injection therapy, in upper GI bleeding management, 124, 125t Internal carotid artery (ICA), getting distal protection device access past lesions and into, in carotid stent technique for carotid artery occlusive disease, 172 Intraarterial platelet infusion, for lower GI bleeding, Intracranial atherosclerosis, stent-assisted angioplasty for, , 204f Intracranial occlusive disease, stent-assisted management of, advances in, , 204f-206f Intracranial stenting, technique for, periprocedural management and, Ischemia, mesenteric acute, evaluation of, MDCT angiography in, , 164f chronic, endovascular management of, , 156f, 157f, 158t. See also Mesenteric ischemia, chronic, endovascular management of surgical management of, IVUS guided luminar re-entry, for subintimal recanalization of CTOs of peripheral vasculature, 23-27, 24t, 25f, 26f. See also Percutaneous bypass, for CTOs Kaplan-Meier analysis, 11, 11f LGM Vena Tech Filter, 92 LMWH. See Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), for VTE, 65-66, 65t Lower extremity(ies), DVT of, CDT for, 68-78, 69f-77f, 69t. See also Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), for lower extremity DVT Lupus anticoagulants, acute DVT due to, 52 Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA), in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, 121 Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), for DVT, 60-61, 60f Malignancy, acute DVT due to, 51-52, 51t MAVErlC Registry, status of, MDCT angiography. See Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography Mechanical therapy, in upper GI bleeding management, , 125t Mesenteric ischemia acute, evaluation of, MDCT angiography in, , 164f chronic endovascular management of, , 156f, 157f, 158t artery selection in, 157 discussion of, indications for, 155 postprocedure care, preprocedure care, 155, 157 results of, 158, 158t stent selection in, 157, 158t technique of, , 156f, 157f, 158t evaluation of, MDCT angiography in, , 165f-166f evaluation of, MDCT angiography in, , 161t-163t, 164f-166f. See also Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, in mesenteric ischemia evaluation surgical management of, MRA. See Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) MRI. See Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) Multidetector-row computed tomography (MDCT) angiography, in mesenteric ischemia evaluation, , 161t-163t, 164f-166f acute-related, , 164f chronic-related, , 165f-166f clinical application of, , 164f-166f contrast medium administration in, , 162t, 163t image rendering in, , 163t scan acquisition in, , 161t technique of, , 161t-163t, 164f-166f Neovascularization, 40, 41t Nitinol stents, SMART, self-expanding, in FP segment, 2-3, 3t, 4f, 5f. See also Femopopliteal (FP) segment, self-expanding SMART nitinol Noninvasive vascular imaging, catheter angiography vs., in carotid revascularization in stroke prevention, , 197f-200f Nuclear medicine imaging, for DVT, 61 Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) causes of, 117, 117t defined, 130 diagnosis of, , 131f, 132f, 133t, 134f double-balloon enteroscopy in, , 134f WCE in, 132f, 133, 133t vs. push enteroscopy, , 133t treatment of, 128 Occlusion(s) arterial, chronic, subintimal angioplasty for, 16-22, 17f-19f. See also Subintimal angioplasty, for chronic arterial occlusions chronic total, of peripheral vasculature, subintimal recanalization of, IVUS guided luminar re-entry in, 23-27, 24t, 25f, 26f. See also Percutaneous bypass, for CTOs OGIB. See Obscure gastrointestinal bleeding (OGIB) Optease Filter, 93, 96, 98f Oral contraceptives, acute DVT due to, 51t, 52 Particulate matter, in transcatheter embolization for upper GI bleeding, , 140f, 141f Percutaneous bypass, for CTOs, 23-27, 24t, 25f, 26f described, 23 devices for, discussion of, patient selection for, 23-24, 24t procedural and clinical results of, 24-25, 25f, 26f technique for, Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT), for DVT, 79-85, 80f-83f, 80t, 84t clinical experience with, 80f-83f, described, 79

5 230 Subject Index Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT), for DVT, 79-85, 80f-83f, 80t, 84t (Continued) preclinical experience with, 80-81, 80t rationale for, retrievable filters in, 82-84, 84t Perforation(s), subintimal angioplasty for chronic arterial occlusions and, 20 Peripheral arterial disease, epidemiology of, 33 Peripheral vascular disease, infrapopliteal angioplasty for, 33-39, 34f, 35t, 36t, 37f Peripheral vasculature, CTOs of, subintimal recanalization of, IVUS guided luminar re-entry in, 23-27, 24t, 25f, 26f. See also Percutaneous bypass, for CTOs Phlegmasia cerulea dolens, acute DVT due to, 53 PMT. See Percutaneous mechanical thrombectomy (PMT) Popliteal arteries, endografts in, 6-15, 7f-11f, 7t. See also Endograft(s), in femoral and popliteal arteries Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS), 53 Pregnancy, acute DVT due to, 51t, 52 Provocative bleeding studies, in lower GI bleeding management, PTS. See Postthrombotic syndrome (PTS) Pulmonary embolism acute DVT due to, FDA approved thrombolytic regimens for, 66, 66t Push enteroscopy, WCE vs., in OGIB diagnosis, , 133t Race, as factor in acute DVT, Radiography, in small intestine evaluation, Radionuclide imaging, in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, 116f, 118 RBC. See Red blood cell (RBC) Recovery Filter, 93, 96, 98f Red blood cell (RBC) scintigraphy, tagged, in small intestine evaluation, Retrievable filters, in PMT for DVT, 82-84, 84t Retrievable vena cava filters, , 97f-102f, 103t classes of, 96, 97f, 98f early devices, 96 early experiences with, 96 Günther Tulip Filter, 96, 98f Optease Filter, 96, 98f optional filters, 97, 98f-102f, 99 clinical application of, , 103t rationale for, 96 technique for, , 102f SAPPHIRE, status of, Scintigraphy, RBC, tagged, in small intestine evaluation, SECURITY, status of, 182 Self-expanding SMART nitinol stents, in FP segment, 2-3, 3t, 4f, 5f. See also Femoropopliteal (FP) segment, self-expanding SMART nitinol Simon Nitinol Filter, 92 Sirolimus-eluting stents, in infrainguinal circulation, Small intestine, evaluation of angiography in, endoscopic, radiographic, tagged RBC scintigraphy in, SMART nitinol stents, self-expanding, in FP segment, 2-3, 3t, 4f, 5f. See also Femoropopliteal (FP) segment, self-expanding SMART nitinol SPACE, status of, 184 Stainless Steel Over-the-Wire Greenfield Filter, 92 Stent(s) described, drug-eluting in FT segment, 29-31, 31f in infrainguinal circulation, 28-32, 29f-31f, 31t. See also Drug-eluting stents, in infrainguinal circulation endovascular in cerebral aneurysm management, , 204f-206f in chronic mesenteric ischemia management, 157, 158t in intracranial occlusive disease management, , 204f-206f intracranial, technique for, periprocedural management and, Stent(s) (Continued) nitinol, SMART, self-expanding, in FP segment, 2-3, 3t, 4f, 5f. See also Femopopliteal (FP) segment, self-expanding SMART nitinol for peripheral vascular disease, 36 sirolimus-elutin, in infrainguinal circulation, Stent-graft(s) aspire, 7, 8f HEMOBAHN, 6-7, 7f-9f, 7t, 11f Stenting carotid cervicocerebral angiographic procedures for, risks associated with, See also Carotid stenting, cervicocerebral angiographic procedures for, risks associated with development of, supraaortic, technique of, , 218f-224f Stroke costs related to, 196 incidence of, 196 prevention of, carotid revascularization in, , 197f-200f Subintimal angioplasty for chronic arterial occlusions, 16-22, 17f-19f alternatives to, changes in surgical practice due to, 21 complications of, 20 crural disease vs., 21 damage to collateral branches due to, 20 described, 16 femoropopliteal disease vs., iliac artery angioplasty vs., 20 indications for, perforations due to, 20 postprocedure care, 20 results of, technique of, 17f-19f, for peripheral vascular disease, 36 Subintimal recanalization, of CTOs of peripheral vasculature, IVUS guided luminar re-entry in, 23-27, 24t, 25f, 26f. See also Percutaneous bypass, for CTOs Superior vena cava, anatomy of, 105 Superior vena cava filters, , 106f-109f described, 105 history of, 105 indications for, 105 placement of central lines in, 107, 109f results of, technique for, , 106f-109f Superselective microcoil embolization, for lower GI bleeding, , 146f Supraaortic endovascular interventions, , 216f, 217t, 218f-224f restenosis, 224 stenting techniques, , 218f-224f approach to, 217, 218f complications of, 223f-224f, 224 distal subclavian/axillary lesions, guidewires in, 221 guiding catheter vs. sheath in, 221 innominate artery lesions, 220, 220f left common carotid stenoses, 220 left subclavian occlusions, , 219f left subclavian stenoses, , 218f proximal vertebral artery stent placement in, , 221f, 222f types of, 220 Surgery, acute DVT due to, 51, 51t Tagged RBC scintigraphy, in small intestine evaluation, TASC. See TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC) Tempofilter, 96, 97f Therapeutic angiogenesis, 40-48, 41f-44f, 41t clinical trials of, complications of, 46 delivery of agents in, 43-45, 44f described, 40, 43-44

6 Subject Index 231 Therapeutic angiogenesis, 40-48, 41f-44f, 41t (Continued) neovascularization, 40, 41t vasculogenesis, 40 Therapeutic arteriogenesis, 42, 42f, 43f Thermal therapy, in upper GI bleeding management, , 125t Thromboembolism, venous, prior, acute DVT due to, 52 Thrombolysis catheter-directed, for lower extremity DVT, 68-78, 69f-77f, 69t. See also Catheter-directed thrombolysis (CDT), for lower extremity DVT FDA approved thrombolytic regimens for, 66, 66t Thrombolytic(s), in infrapopliteal angioplasty for peripheral vascular disease, 35 Titanium Greenfield Filter, TransAtlantic Inter-Society Consensus (TASC), 2 Transcatheter embolization, for upper GI bleeding, , 138f-141f anatomy related to, 136 discussion of, 142 embolic agents in coils, 137, 138f, 139f particulate matter, , 140f, 141f selection of, , 138f-141f technique of, Transcatheter embolotherapy, for lower GI bleeding embolic agents in, 148 superselective microcoil embolization, , 146f TrapEase Filter, 93 Trauma, acute DVT due to, 50-51, 51t Ultrasonography, for suspected DVT, 55-56, 56f, 57f Unfractionated heparin, for VTE, 63-65, 64t Upper extremities, DVT of, See also Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), upper extremity Vascular imaging, noninvasive, vs. catheter angiography, in carotid revascularization in stroke prevention, , 197f-200f Vasculogenesis, 40 Vasopression infusion, for lower GI bleeding, 149 Vena cava filters inferior, 91-95, 92f-94f. See also Inferior vena cava filters retrievable, , 97f-102f, 103t. See also Retrievable vena cava filters superior, , 106f-109f. See also Superior vena cava filters Vena Tech LP Filter, 92, 93f Venography, contrast, for DVT, 61 Venous thromboembolic disease described, 63 medical management of, 63-67, 64t-66t pathogenesis of, 63 treatment of, 63-67, 64t-66t. See also Venous thromboembolism (VTE), treatment of Venous thromboembolism (VTE) chronic, management of, 66 described, 63 pathogenesis of, 63 prevalence of, 63 prior, acute DVT due to, 52 treatment of, 63-67, 64t-66t future directions in, unfractionated heparin in, 63-65, 64t Vertebral endovascular interventions, , 216f, 217t, 218f-224f VIABAHN endoprosthesis, 7, 8f, 10f, 11f VTE. See Venous thromboembolism (VTE) WCE. See Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE) Wireless capsule endoscopy (WCE), 131f, in gastrointestinal bleeding diagnosis, in OGIB diagnosis, 132f, 133, 133t vs. push enteroscopy, , 133t