DAFTAR PUSTAKA. Adeoye, O., Walsh, K., Woo, J.G., Haverbusch, M., Moomaw, C.J., Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease. 23(2):

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1 DAFTAR PUSTAKA Adeoye, O., Walsh, K., Woo, J.G., Haverbusch, M., Moomaw, C.J., Broderick, J.P., et al Peripheral Monocyte Count is Associated with Case-Fatality after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease. 23(2): Agnihotri, S., Czap, A., Staff, I., Fortunato, G., and McCullough, L.D Periferal Leukocyte Counts and Outcomes after Intracerebral Hemorrhage. Journal of Neuroinflammation. 8:160. Alchuriyah, S., dan Wahjuni, C.U Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stroke Usia Muda Pada Pasien Rumah Sakit Brawijaya Surabaya. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 4(1): Amantea, D., Nappi, G., Bernardi, G., Bagetta, G., and Corasaniti, M.T Minireview: Post-ischemic brain damage: pathophysiology and role of inflammatory mediators. The FEBS Journal. 276: Baratawidjaja, K.G., dan Rengganis, I Imunologi Dasar. Balai Penerbit FK UI. Jakarta. Boehme, A.K., Kumar, A.D., Lyerly, M.J., Gillette, M.A., Siegler, J.E., Albright, K.C., et al Persistent Leukocytosis-Is this a Persistent Problem for Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke?. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 7(23):pp

2 Buck, B.H., Lieberkind, D.S., Saver, J.F., Bang, Y., Yun, S.W., Starman, S., et al Early Neutrophilia is Associated With Volume of Ischemic Tissue in Acute Stroke. Stroke AHA.39: Burhanudin, M., Wahiduddin., and Jumriani Faktor Risiko Kejadian Stroke Pada Dewasa Awal (18-40 tahun) di Kota Makasar Tahun Di unduh dari CDC/NHSN Protocol Clarifications CDC/NHSN Surveillance Definitions for Specific Types of Infections. Available: Chamorro, A., Amaro, S., Vargas, M., Obach, V., Cervera, A., Torres, F., et al Interleukin 10, Monocytes and Increased risk of early infection in ischemic stroke. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 77: Chamorro, A., Meisel, S., Planas, A.M., Urra, X., Van De Beek, D., and Veltkamp, R The Immunology of Acute Stroke. Nature Review Neurology. 8: Chiba, T., and Umegaki, K Pivotal Roles of Monocytes/ Macrophages in Stroke. Hindawi Publishing Corporation. p Christ-Crain, M., and Müller, B Procalcitonin in bacterial infections - hype, hope, more or less?. Swiss Med Wkly.135: Deng, W.J., Shen, R.L., Li, M., and Teng, J.F Relationship Between Procalcitonin Serum Levels and Functional Outcome in Stroke Patients. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 35:

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4 Goldstein, L.B., Adams, R., Alberts, M,J., Alberts, M.J., Appel, L.J., Brass, L.M., et al Primary Prevention of Ischemic stroke: A Guidline from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke Council. Stroke. 37: Gu, L., Jian, Z., Stary, C., and Xiong, X T Cells and Cerebral Ischemic Stroke. Neurochem Res. 40: Hallenbeck, J., Zoppo, G., Jacobs, T., Hakim, A., Goldman, S., Utz, U., et al Immunomodulation Strategies for Preventing Vascular Disease the Brain and Heart Workshop Summary. Stroke. 37(12): Harms, H., Halle, E., and Andreas, M Post-Stroke Infections Diagnosis, Prediction, Prevention and Treatment to Improve Patient Outcomes. European Neurological Review;5(1): Hatzistilianou, M Diagnostic and Prognostic Role of Procalcitonin in Infections. The Scientific World Journal.10: Hertog, H.M., Rossum, J.A., Worp, H.B., Gemert, H.M., Jonge, R., Koudstaal, P.J., et al C-reactive protein in the very early phase of acute ischemic stroke: association with poor outcome and death. J Neurol. 256: Iranmanesh, F., Zia-Sheykholeslami, N., Vakilian, A., and Sayadi, A., Relationship between White Blood Cell Count and Mortality in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke. Zahedan Journal of Research in Medical Sciences. 16(6):

5 Jood, K., Redfors, P., Rosengren, A., Blomstrand, C., and Jern, C Self-perceived psychological stress and ischemic stroke: a casecontrol study. BMC Medicine. 7: Kaito, M., Araya, S.I., Gondo, Y., Fujita, M., Minato, N., Nakanishi, M., et al Relevance of Distinct Monocyte Subsets to Clinical Course of Ischemic Stroke Patients. Journal Pone. 8(8): Kammersgaard, L.P., Jorgensen, H.S., Nakayama, H., Reith, J., Raaschou, H.O., and Olsen, T.S Leukocytosis in Acute Stroke: Relation to Initial Stroke Severity, Infarct Size, and Outcome: The Copenhagen Stroke Study. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 8(4): Kibe, S., Adams, K., and Barlow, G Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers of Sepsis in Critical Care. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 66 (2): Ii33-Ii40 Kumar, A.D., Boehme, A.K., Siegler, J.E., Gillette, M., Albright, K.C., and Martin-Schild, S Leukocytosis in Patients with Neurologic Deterioration after Acute Ischemic Stroke is Associated with Poor Outcomes. J Stroke Cerebrovasc Dis. 22(7):e111-e117. Kwan, J., Jenkinson, D., Vassallo, M., Englyst, N., and Perry, V.H Systemic infection after acute stroke. Aging Health. 4(1):1-10. Meisel, A., Meisel, C., Harms, H., Hartman, O., and Ulm, L Predicting Post-Stroke Infections and Outcome with Blood-Based 94

6 Immune and Stress Markers. Cerebrovascular Diseases. 33: Misbach, J Stroke : Aspek Diagnostik, Patofisiologi, Manajemen. Balai penerbit FK-UI. Jakarta. Misbach, J., Lamsudin, R., Aliah, A., Basyiruddin., Suroto., Alfa, AY., dkk Guidline Stroke. Pokdi Stroke PERDOSSI. Diterbitkan oleh: Perhimpunan Dokter Spesialis Saraf Indonesia (PERDOSSI). Jakarta.p.1. Miyakis, S., Georgakopoulos, P., Kiagia, M., Pefanis, A., and Mountokalakis, T.D Serial serum procalcitonin changes in the prognosis of acute stroke. Clinica Chimica Acta Miyakis, S., Bergmann, A., Hartmann, O., Hein, F., and Muller, B Procalcitonin for The Diagnosis of Bacterial Infections and Guidance of Antibiotic Treatment in Patients with Acute Stroke of Transient Ischemic Attack. United States Patent Nardi, K., Milia, P., Eusebi, P., Paciaroni, M., Caso, V., and Agnelli, G Admission Leukocytosis in Acute Cerebral Ischemia: Influence on Early Outcome. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Disease. 21(8): Nikanfar, M., Shaafi, S., Hashemilar, M., Oskouii, D.S., and Goldust, M Evalluating Role of Leukocytosis and High Sedimentation Rate as Prognostic Factors in Acute Ischemic Cerebral Strokes. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences. 15(8):

7 Painthakar, M.M., and Dabhi, R.D Functional Recovery in Ischemic Stroke. Neurol India. 51: Peng, Y., Wang, D., Zhang, J., Xue, X., Wang,Z., Tomg, W., et al Relationship between white blood cell count at admission and short term outcome in patients with acute cerebral infarction. Clin Invest Med. 34(4): Popovic, N.MD., Stefanovic-Budimkic, M., Mitrovic, N.MD., Urosevic, A.MD., Milosevic, B,MD., Pelemis, M.MD., et al The Frequency of Poststroke Infections and Their Impact on Early Stroke Outcome. Journal of Stroke and Cerebrovascular Diseases. 4(22):pp Purba, J.S., dan Misbach, J Biomolekuler Stroke. Dikutip dari: Stroke : Aspek Diagnostik, Patofisiologi, Manajemen. Balai Penerbit FK - UI. Jakarta. p: Sacco, R.L., Kasner, S.E., Broderick, J.P., Caplan, L.R., Culebras, A., Elkind, M.S.V., et al An Udate Defenition of Stroke for the 21 st Century: A Statement for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association. Stroke. 44: Sacher, R.A., dan McPherson, R.A Tinjauan klinis hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium. Alih bahasa: BU. Penerbit D. Wulandari. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC. Jakarta. 96

8 Sen, S., Hinderliter A., Sen, P.K., Simmons, J., LeGrys, V.A., Beck J., et al Association of Leukocyte Count With Progression of Aortic Atheroma in Stroke/transient Ischemic Attack Patients. American Heart Association.38: Sherwood, L Fundamentals of Human Physiology, Fourth Edition. Brooks/Cole 20 Davis Drive Belmont; USA. Sjahrir, H Stroke Iskemik. Yandira Agung. Medan. Su, L., Han, B., Liu, C., Liang, L., Jiang, Z., Deng, J., et al Value of soluble TREM-1, procalcitonin, and C-reactive protein serum levels as biomarkers for detecting bacteremia among sepsis patients with new fever in intensive care units: a prospective cohort study. BMC Infectious Disease.12(157):1-10 Urra, X., Villamor, N., Amaro, S., Choco, M.G., Obach, V., Oleaga, L., et al Monocyte subtype predict clinical course and prognosis in human stroke. Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism. 29: Vogelgesang, A., Grunwald, U., Langner, S., Jack, R., Broker, B.M., et al Analysis of Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients With Stroke and Their Influence on Infection After Stroke. Stroke. 39: Wang, P.Y., Kao, C.H., Mui, M.Y., and Wang, S.J Leukocyte Infiltration in Acute Hemisphere Stroke. Stroke. 24: Wartenberg, K.E., Stoll, A., Funk, A., Meyer, A., Schmidt, J.M., and Berrouschot, J Infection after Acute Ischemic Stroke: Risk 97

9 Factors, Biomarkers, and Outcome. Stroke Research and Treatment. p.1-9. Westendorp, W.F., Nederkoom, P.J., Vermeij, J.D., Dijkgraaf, M.G., and Beek, D Post-stroke infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Neurology. 11:110. Whiteley, W., Jackson, C., Lewis, S., Lowe, G., Rumley, A., Sandercock, P., Wardlaw, J., et al Inflammatory Markers and Poor Outcome after Stroke: A Prospective Cohort Study and Systematic Review of Interleukin-6. Plos Medicine. 6:1-10. Zeller, J.A., Lenz, A., Eschenfelder, C.C., Zunker, P., and Deuschi,G Platelet Activation in Acute Stroke With and Without Preceding Infection. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol.25(15):