Arterial Baroreflex A Novel Target for Preventing Stroke in Rat Hypertension
|
|
- Maud Collins
- 5 years ago
- Views:
Transcription
1 Arterial Baroreflex A Novel Target for Preventing Stroke in Rat Hypertension Ai-Jun Liu, MD, PhD; Xiu-Juan Ma, PhD; Fu-Ming Shen, MD, PhD; Jian-Guo Liu, MD; Hong Chen, MD, PhD; Ding-Feng Su, MD, PhD Background and Purpose Arterial baroreflex is one of the most important mechanisms in the regulation of cardiovascular activities. Arterial baroreflex function can be expressed as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS). The present study was designed to test 2 hypotheses: (1) BRS is a new independent predictor for the incidence of stroke in hypertension, and (2) restoration of BRS can prevent stroke in hypertension. Methods First, 82 stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) aged 28 to 30 weeks were used. After measuring blood pressure and BRS, the survival time was observed. Second, 12 SHR-SP aged 8 months were used. Blood pressure and BRS were determined separately before and after intragastric administration of ketanserin (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg). Third, SHR-SP aged 5 months were treated with ketanserin for 12 weeks (0.3 mg and 3.0 mg/kg per day). At the end of the treatment, blood pressure and BRS were determined and the end-organ damage was evaluated. Last, SHR-SP aged 3 months were treated with ketanserin (0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg per day) for life and the survival time was recorded. Results Stroke was significantly delayed in rats with high BRS than those with low BRS (time to 50% death was 1.47-fold longer than low BRS group; P 0.01). Ketanserin of 3.0 mg/kg per day decreased blood pressure and enhanced BRS, whereas 0.3 mg/kg per day only enhanced the BRS. Fatal stroke incidences were markedly reduced by treatment with both doses (P versus control group). Conclusions The present study provides evidence that BRS is an independent predictor for stroke in hypertension. Restoration of BRS may be a new strategy for the prevention of stroke. (Stroke. 2007;38: ) Key Words: arterial baroreflex baroreflex sensitivity hypertension stroke stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats In many countries, including China, stroke is the third leading cause of death only preceded by heart disease and total cancer. 1 According to recent estimates published by the World Health Organization, approximately 15 million people per year fall victim to stroke worldwide, of whom 5 million die and another 5 million are left permanently disabled. Many stroke survivors become dependent and require lifelong assistance. Therefore, prevention is the only possible way to curb the stroke pandemic. 2 Blood pressure level is one of the most consistent and powerful predictor of stroke, so blood pressure control is an important way to reduce the morbidity of stroke. 3 5 However, blood pressure level is not the unique determinant for stroke. Here we propose another important determinant for stroke: the function of arterial baroreflex (ABR). ABR is one of the most important mechanisms in the regulation of cardiovascular activities. Since the end of 1980s, the pathological importance of ABR function has attracted the attention of many investigators. Baroreflex function, expressed as baroreflex sensitivity (BRS), was found as an important determinant of cardiac death after acute myocardial infarction. 6,7 There is also established evidence of abnormal BRS in animal models of stroke 8,9 and patients with chronic cerebrovascular disease. 10,11 Indeed, it was found that BRS was impaired after acute stroke. 12,13 Poststroke patients with impaired BRS had a poor prognosis. However, to our knowledge, there is no report about BRS on predicting stroke. The first aim of this study was therefore to investigate whether BRS can be a new predictor for stroke incidence. Ketanserin is an antihypertensive drug with affinity for both 5-HT 2A and 1 receptors. Our previous studies demonstrated that ketanserin could significantly decrease blood pressure and improve BRS in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. Interestingly, a small dose of ketanserin below the threshold of blood pressure reduction could enhance BRS. 14 It might be a good tool for studying the effect of restoration BRS on stroke incidence without blood pressure reduction. The second aim of this study was to investi- Received December 13, 2006; accepted January 3, From the Department of Pharmacology (A.-J.L., X.-J.M., F.-M.S., J.-G.L., D.-F.S.), School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China; and the Department of Pharmacology (H.C.), Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China. Correspondence to Ding-Feng Su, Professor, MD, PhD, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, 325 Guo He Road, Shanghai , China. dfsu@citiz.net 2007 American Heart Association, Inc. Stroke is available at DOI: /STROKEAHA
2 Liu et al Arterial Baroreflex and Stroke 1917 gate whether restoration of BRS can prevent or delay the occurrence of stroke in hypertension. The present work was therefore designed to test both hypotheses. Methods Animals Stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) of either sex were provided by the animal center of our university. They were housed with controlled temperature (23 to 25 C) and lighting (8:00 AM to 8:00 PM light, 8:00 PM to 8:00 AM dark) and with free access to standard food and drinking water. All the animals used in this experiment received humane care in compliance with institutional guidelines for health and care of experimental animals. Blood Pressure and Heart Period Measurements Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and heart rate were continuously recorded using previously described technique Briefly, rats were anesthetized with a combination of ketamine and diazepam. A polyethylene catheter was inserted into the lower abdominal aorta through the left femoral artery for blood pressure measurement and another catheter was inserted into the left femoral vein for phenylephrine administration. In experiment 2, a third catheter was placed into the stomach through a midabdominal incision for drug (ketanserin) administration. The catheters were exteriorized through the interscapular skin. After a 2-day recovery period, the animals were placed for blood pressure recording in individual cylindrical cages containing food and water. The aortic catheter was connected to a blood pressure transducer through a rotating swivel that allowed the animals to move freely in the cage. After approximately 4 hours habituation, the blood pressure signal was digitized by a microcomputer. SBP, DBP, and heart rate values were determined online. The mean values of these parameters during a period of time were calculated. Determination of Baroreflex Sensitivity In the previously mentioned blood pressure recording condition, BRS was measured in the conscious rat by using the previously described method. 14,16,18 Briefly, a bolus injection of phenylephrine was used to induce blood pressure elevation. The dose of phenylephrine (5 to 10 g/kg) was adjusted to raise SBP approximately mm Hg. There exists a delay (approximately 1 second) between the elevation of blood pressure (stimulus) and the prolongation of heart rate (response) for ABR. In rats, the heart rate is approximately 5 or 6 per second. So, heart period was plotted against SBP for linear regression analysis for 2 to 8 shifts (calculated by computer); the slope with the largest correlation coefficient (r) of heart period/sbp was expressed as BRS (ms/mm Hg). The mean of 2 measurements with proper dose was taken as the final result. Stroke Symptom Observation To detect the stroke symptoms, the movement of limbs, respiration, diet, fur, and consciousness of all SHR-SP were observed twice daily (at 8 AM and 6 PM). Morphological Examination In experiments 1 and 4, when the rats died, the brain was removed, and the signs of hemorrhage, edema, or infarction were examined and then photographed. Brains without these distinct signs were immersed in a solution of 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 mol/l phosphate buffer (ph 7.4), and then the brain was dissected and fixed in this solution for 24 hours. The specimens were then washed, dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, and embedded in paraffin. Sections cut transversely at 5- m thickness separated by 100 m from the anterior to the posterior extremity were stained with hematoxylin and eosin for light microscopic study. Other tissues, including the heart and kidney, were also detected grossly. In experiment 3, the right kidney, thoracic aorta, and heart were dissected quickly after deep anesthesia. Gross detections were performed in the heart (weight and wall thickness), right kidney (appearance, weight, and thickness), and aorta (weight). The ratio of cardiac weight to body weight (mg/g), aortic weight to length (mg/cm), renal weight to body weight, and the ratio of thickness between the renal cortex and medulla were used as indices of cardiac, aortic hypertrophy, and lesion of kidney, respectively Protocol Experiment 1: Effect of Baroreflex Sensitivity and Systolic Blood Pressure in the Prediction of Fatal Stroke in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Ninety SHR-SP at the age of 28 to 30 weeks of either sex were used in this experiment. After approximately 4 hours habituation (from 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM), blood pressure and heart rate were recorded during a period of 4 hours (from 12:00 to 4:00 PM), then BRS was measured using the previously mentioned methods at conscious state (from 4:00 to 5:00 PM, average blood pressure increase is mm Hg). After blood pressure and BRS measurements, these rats were replaced in the animal house with the previously mentioned condition. When rats died from fatal stroke, the survival time (from birth to 600 days) was recorded; dead rats without stroke were discarded. Experiment 2: Effects of a Single Dose of Ketanserin on Blood Pressure and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats The experiment was performed in 8-month-old male SHR-SP. They were randomly divided into two groups (n 6 in each group) and received ketanserin of 0.3 and 3.0 mg/kg (intragastric), respectively. After approximately 4 hours habituation (from 8:00 AM to 12:00 PM), blood pressure was recorded during a period of 60 minutes (from 12:00 to 1:00 PM) and BRS was measured using the previously mentioned methods. These values were taken as basal control values. A single dose of ketanserin was given through an intragastric catheter. Approximately 30 minutes after drug administration, blood pressure was recorded for another 60 minutes and BRS was determined again. Experiment 3: Effects of Long-Term Treatment of Ketanserin on Blood Pressure, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and End-Organ Damage in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats The experiment was performed in 5-month-old male SHR-SP. They were randomized into 3 groups: control rats (n 9) and 2 groups treated with ketanserin (low-dose group, 0.3 mg/kg per day, n 10; high-dose group, 3.0 mg/kg per day, n 10). The drugs were mixed into food and administrated consecutively for 12 weeks. After hemodynamic measurement, the animals were killed and the right kidney, thoracic aorta, and heart were dissected quickly. Morphological examination was performed using the previously mentioned methods. Experiment 4: Effects of Lifelong Treatment of Ketanserin on Stroke Incidence in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats The experiment was performed in 3-month-old male SHR-SP. They were randomly divided into 3 groups: control rats (n 31) and two groups treated with ketanserin (low-dose group, 0.3 mg/kg per day, n 24; high-dose group, 3.0 mg/kg per day, n 23). The drugs were mixed into food and administrated consecutively. The survival time was observed (from birth to 600 days, dead rats without stroke had been discarded). Statistical Analysis Investigators were blind to the procedures during blood pressure and heart rate recording, BRS determination, weighing, and morphological examination. Statistical analysis data are expressed as the mean SD. The comparisons between pre- and postdrug were made by paired t tests and between 2 groups by unpaired t tests. In experiments 1 and 4, Kaplan Meier analysis was used to estimate
3 1918 Stroke June 2007 Figure 1. Brain lesions in SHR-SP. Brains of dead SHR-SP with neurological sings displayed hemorrhages and edema. survival probabilities. Log-rank testing was used to evaluate equality of survival curves. P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. In experiments 2 and 3, the comparisons among 4 or 3 groups were made by one-way analysis of variance. In experiment 1, the relationships between SBP, BRS, and heart rate and survival time were assessed by univariate regression analysis. The Pearson r values were calculated. Furthermore, the stepwise multivariate regression analysis was performed to evaluate the independent effect and relative importance of SBP, DBP, heart rate, and BRS on the survival time of SHR-SP. F to enter and F to remove were set at P 0.05 and P 0.15, respectively. The selected variables were ranked according to the absolute value of their standardized effect quantified by the standardized partial regression coefficients. P 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Experiment 1: Effect of Baroreflex Sensitivity and Systolic Blood Pressure in the Prediction of Stroke in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Among 90 rats studied, 82 animals that died from stroke were confirmed by displaying neurological symptoms of stroke and/or brain pathological examination (Figure 1). The survival rate is shown in Figure 2. According to the mean BRS value (0.3 ms/mm Hg), 82 SHR-SP were divided into 2 groups: group BRS low with BRS less than 0.3 ms/mm Hg (n 34) and group BRS high with BRS more than 0.3 ms/mm Hg (n 48). There was no difference in blood pressure level between these 2 groups. The survival time expressed by Kaplan Meier survival curves is shown in the Figure 2A. There existed an obvious difference between the 2 curves (log-rank testing , P ). When half of the animals died, it was 406 days in group BRS high, whereas it was 276 days in group BRS low from birth. The survival time was approximately 1.47-fold longer in group BRS high than group BRS low. When the 82 rats were divided into 2 groups according to mean SBP level (220 mm Hg), we had group SBP high with SBP more than 220 mm Hg (n 41) and group SBP low with SBP less than 220 mm Hg (n 41). The BRS was not different between these 2 groups. A significant difference was seen between the curves (log rank testing , P 0.016). When half of the rats died, it was 398 days in group SBP low, whereas it was 279 days in group SBP high. It was approximately 1.43-folder longer in group SBP low than group SBP high. When rats were divided into 2 groups according to the mean heart rate, the curves were not different between the high heart rate group and low heart rate group (log rank testing , P 0.757, figure not shown). Univariate Regression Analysis The associations among BRS, SBP, and survival time are presented in Figures 2B and 2F. The survival time is significantly and positively correlated with BRS (r 0.441, P ) and significantly and negatively correlated with SBP (r 0.392, P 0.001), whereas not significantly correlated with heart rate (r 0.013, P 0.905). Stepwise Multivariate Regression Analysis The independent effects and relative importance of SBP, DBP, heart rate, and BRS on the survival time are assessed by stepwise multivariate regression analysis. The regression analysis shows that only SBP and BRS are significant at the 0.05 level (BRS: P ; SBP: P 0.005), which indicates they may have independent effects on survival time. The standard partial regression coefficients of BRS were 0.195, and the value of SBP is These values mean that the independent BRS and SBP explain 19.5% and 8.3% of the variation in the survival time in SHR-SP, respectively. Experiment 2: Effects of a Single Dose of Ketanserin on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, and Baroreflex Sensitivity in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats The effects of ketanserin on blood pressure in conscious SHR-SP are summarized in Figure 3. The large dose (3.0 mg/kg) of ketanserin decreased SBP by 34 mm Hg and the small dose (0.3 mg/kg) did not lower SBP. The decrease in DBP was similar to SBP but much slighter. Neither dose of ketanserin affected heart rate. The BRS is less than 0.3 ms/mm Hg in most SHR-SP in the conscious state. Ketanserin significantly enhanced BRS in both dose groups (Figures 3 and 4). The enhancement of BRS by ketanserin was not dose-dependent and had a similar effect on BRS (small dose, versus ms/mm Hg; large dose, versus ms/mm Hg). Experiment 3: Effects of Long-Term Treatment With Ketanserin on Blood Pressure, Heart Rate, Baroreflex Sensitivity, and End-Organ Damage in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Compared with the control group, long-term treatment with ketanserin did not affect the body weight in SHR-SP. The effects of ketanserin on blood pressure, heart rate, and BRS in conscious SHR-SP were similar to the results of experiment 2. The large dose (3.0 mg/kg per day) of ketanserin decreased SBP by 29 mm Hg and the small dose (0.3 mg/kg per day) did not lower SBP (Figure 5A). Two doses did not affect heart rate. Compared with the control group, small and large doses
4 Liu et al Arterial Baroreflex and Stroke 1919 Figure 2. BRS and SBP predict stroke death in SHR-SP. First, 82 rats were divided into 2 groups according to BRS: group BRS-H: BRS more than 0.3 ms/mm Hg (n 34); group BRS-L: BRS less than 0.3 ms/mm Hg (n 48). A, Kaplan Meier survival curve by subgroup of BRS in SHR-SP. B, Representative scatter plots showed the significant and positive relationships between survival time and BRS. C, The blood pressure has no difference between the 2 groups. D, The mean heart rate of group BRS-L (open bar, ms) is significantly lower than the group BRS-H (black bar, ms). Second, rats were divided into 2 groups according to SBP: group SBP-H: SBP more than 220 mm Hg (n 41); group SBP-L: SBP less than 220 mm Hg (n 41). E, Kaplan Meier survival curve by subgroup of SBP in SHR-SP. F, Representative scatterplots showed the significant and negative relationships between survival time and SBP. G, The BRS has no difference between the 2 groups. H, The mean heart rate of group SBP-H (black bar, ms) is higher than group SBP-L (open bar, ms).*p 0.05, **P 0.01 versus group SBP-L. significantly enhanced BRS ( , versus ms/mm Hg). Compared with control group, a small dose of ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg) did not significantly affect cardiac weights, whereas the large dose (3.0 mg/kg) markedly reduced the cardiac hypertrophy. The ratio of kidney weight to body weight as well as the thickness ratio of renal cortex to medulla was significantly increased in rats treated with the small dose. The aortic weight to length ratio was markedly decreased in rats treated with a small or large dose.
5 1920 Stroke June 2007 Figure 3. Effect of a single dose of ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg) on SBP, DBP, heart rate, and BRS in conscious SHR-SP. Open bars, before intragastric administration of ketanserin; solid bars, after intragastric administration of ketanserin. *P 0.05 after ketanserin versus before ketanserin. N 6 in each group. Left: linear figure; right: columnar figure. Experiment 4: Effects of Lifelong Treatment of Ketanserin on Stroke Incidence in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats The survival time expressed by Kaplan Meier survival curves is shown in Figure 6. There existed an obvious difference between the control group and the 2 doses of ketanserin groups (log rank testing , P ). When half of the animals died, it was 319 days in the control group, whereas it was 406 days in the small dose (0.3 mg/kg) group and 426 days in the large dose (3.0 mg/kg) group. Figure 4. Scatterplots showed the effects of a single dose of ketanserin (0.3 mg/kg, 3.0 mg/kg) on BRS in conscious SHR-SP. A and C, Before intragastric administration; B and D, after intragastric administration of ketanserin (B, 0.3 mg/kg, D, 3.0 mg/kg). *P 0.05 after ketanserin versus before ketanserin. N 6 in each group.
6 Liu et al Arterial Baroreflex and Stroke 1921 Figure 5. Effects of long-term treatment of ketanserin (12 weeks) on SBP, DBP, heart rate, BRS, and end-organ damage in conscious SHR-SP. BW, body weight; HW, heart weight; VW, ventricular weight; LVW, left ventricular weight; LVT, left ventricular thick; RVT, right ventricular thick; RKW, right kidney weight; RCT, right kidney cortex thick; RMT, right kidney medulla thick. AW, aortic weight. Open bars, control group; gray bars, 0.3 mg/kg per day; black bars, 3.0 mg/kg per day. N 9 in control group, n 10 in each of the other 2 groups.*p 0.05, **P 0.01 versus control group. Compared with the control group, survival time was approximately 1.27-fold longer in the small dose group and approximately 1.34-fold longer in the large dose group. Discussion Blood pressure level is an important determinant for stroke. The risk of stroke is increased by approximately 25% with each 10 mm Hg increase in SBP. 3,4,22,23 In the present work, when the rats were divided into 2 groups according to SBP level, the stroke was significantly delayed in the relatively lower SBP group compared with the higher SBP group. Using the parameter measuring the time when 50% of the rats died, it was found that the survival time was 1.43-fold longer in the SBP low group than in the SBP high group. The univariate regression analysis also confirmed that the survival time of SHR-SP was significantly associated with blood pressure level. However, heart rate had no effect on the prediction of stroke. Most interestingly, our results intensively demonstrate that BRS is a new predictor for stroke in hypertension. The survival time was 1.47-fold longer in the BRS high group than in the BRS low group. The univariate and step multivariate regression analysis also confirmed the significant association between survival time and BRS. These results indicate that BRS is a very important and independent novel predictor for stroke in hypertension. The value of standard partial regression coefficients of BRS is higher than SBP. It means that BRS is more important than SBP in the determination of survival time of SHR-SP. However, it should be noted that the baseline of blood pressure level is very high in these animal models, which may influence this analysis. Figure 6. Effects of lifelong treatment of ketanserin on the stroke death in SHR-SP. The rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: control group (n 31), group ketanserin 0.3 mg/kg (n 24), group ketanserin 3.0 mg/kg (n 23). Kaplan Meier survival curves by these 3 subgroups.
7 1922 Stroke June 2007 Many researchers had confirmed that baroreflex dysfunction was associated with many diseases. 7,13,24,25 La Rovere and colleagues assessed BRS within 30 days of acute myocardial infarction. During a follow-up period of 2 years, they found the mortality rate is 50% in patients with a BRS less than 3.0 ms/mm Hg, whereas it was 3% in patients with a BRS more than 3.0 ms/mm Hg. 26 Robinson and colleagues reported that poststroke patients with impaired BRS values ( 5.0 ms/mm Hg) had a significantly poorer prognosis than patients without impaired BRS ( 5.0 ms/mm Hg). 13 Recently, a series of studies concerning the baroreflex dysfunction and cardiovascular diseases in rats was performed in our department. It was found that baroreflex dysfunction was related to the severity of atherosclerosis induced by a highcholesterol diet, the survival times in coronary artery ligatureinduced myocardial infarction, in aconitine-induced ventricular arrhythmia, and in endotoxin-induced shock Concerning the present work, to our knowledge, it is the first time it has been demonstrated that BRS is a very important predictor for the most important complication in hypertension: stroke. Because baroreflex dysfunction contributes importantly to the poor prognosis of many cardiovascular diseases, it is reasonable to propose that restoration of impaired BRS might be as a new strategy for cardiovascular diseases. However, little information on this aspect is available until now. In the present work, ketanserin was used to enhance BRS in SHR-SP and the hypothesis that restoring BRS could prevent stroke in hypertension was tested. Our previous work 14 showed that ketanserin significantly decreased blood pressure and improved BRS in the conscious SHR. The effect of ketanserin on BRS was not secondary to a decrease in blood pressure attributable to the following facts: a small dose (0.3 mg/kg) of ketanserin did not decrease blood pressure but enhanced BRS. This finding was repeatedly confirmed in our experiments. It was found that the large dose (3.0 mg/kg) of ketanserin markedly decreased SBP, whereas the small dose (0.3 mg/kg) did not. Ketanserin significantly enhanced BRS in both 2-dose groups. The enhancement of BRS by ketanserin was not dose-dependent or blood pressure-dependent. It possesses a direct action on BRS. Recently, we reported that the action site of ketanserin enhancing baroreflex function is within the rostral ventrolateral medulla in anesthetized rats and mediated by 5-HT 2A receptors. 30 The most exciting finding of the present work is that, without blood pressure reduction, restoration of BRS by the small dose of ketanserin significantly prevented stroke in SHR-SP. Indeed, the lifelong treatment with the small dose of ketanserin significantly delayed the occurrence of stroke. The effects produced by the small dose nearly approached those produced by the large dose of ketanserin. Because the small dose of ketanserin did not significantly lower blood pressure level, its effects on stroke may be mainly attributable to the restoration of impaired BRS in SHR-SP. Nevertheless, we cannot exclude the possibility that other unknown beneficial effects besides the restoration of BRS are also involved in the protection of ketanserin against stroke. Finally, it should be noted that it is not clear why restoration of BRS leads to the extension of survival time. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the possible mechanisms. In conclusion, the present study provides evidence that BRS is a new and important predictor for stroke incident in hypertension. Restoration of ABR function is a new target for the prevention of stroke. Sources of Funding This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China ( , and ) and the Science and Technology Development Foundation of Shanghai (No. 03JC14001, 04JC14001). None. Disclosures References 1. He J, Gu D, Wu X, Reynolds K, Duan X, Yao C, Wang J, Chen CS, Chen J, Wildman RP, Klag MJ, Whelton PK. Major causes of death among men and women in China. N Engl J Med. 2005;353: Mackay J, Mensah G. The Atlas of Heart Disease and Stroke. Geneva: World Health Organization; Luepker RV, Arnett DK, Jacobs DR Jr, Duval SJ, Folsom AR, Armstrong C, Blackburn H. Trends in blood pressure, hypertension control, and stroke mortality: the Minnesota Heart Survey. Am J Med. 2006;119: Wolf-Maier K, Cooper RS, Banegas JR, Giampaoli S, Hense HW, Joffres M, Kastarinen M, Poulter N, Primatesta P, Rodriguez-Artalejo F, Stegmayr B, Thamm M, Tuomilehto J, Vanuzzo D, Vescio F. Hypertension prevalence and blood pressure levels in 6 European countries, Canada, and the United States. JAMA. 2003;289: Editorial. Reducing the burden of stroke. Lancet. 2005;366: La Rovere MT, Pinna GD, Hohnloser SH, Marcus FI, Mortara A, Nohara R, Bigger JT Jr, Camm AJ, Schwartz PJ; ATRAMI Investigators. Autonomic tone and reflexes after myocardial infarction. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in the identification of patients at risk for life-threatening arrhythmias: implications for clinical trials. Circulation. 2001;103: La Rovere MT, Bigger JT, Marcus FI, Mortara A, Schwartz PJ for the ATRAMI Investigators. Baroreflex sensitivity and heart rate variability in prediction of total cardiac mortality after myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1998;351: Doba N, Reis DJ. Role of central and peripheral adrenergic mechanisms in neurogenic hypertension produced by brainstem lesions in rat. Circ Res. 1974;34: Cechetto DF, Wilson JX, Smith KE, Wloski D, Silver MD, Hachinski VC. Autonomic and myocardial changes in middle cerebral artery occlusion: stroke models in the rat. Brain Res. 1989;502: Appenzeller O, Descarries L. Circulatory reflexes in patients with cerebrovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 1964;271: Gross M, Circulatory reflex in cerebral ischaemia involving different vascular territories. Clin Sci. 1970;38: Robinson T, James M, Youde J, Panerai R, Potter J. Cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity is impaired after acute stroke. Stroke. 1997;28: Robinson TG, Dawson SL, Eames PJ, Panerai RB, Potter JF. Cardiac baroreceptor sensitivity predicts long-term outcome after acute ischemic stroke. Stroke. 2003;34: Fu YJ, Shu H, Miao CY, Wang MW, Su DF. Restoration of baroreflex function by ketanserin is not blood pressure dependent in conscious freely moving rats. J Hypertens. 2004;22: Wang J, Shen FM, Wang MW, Su DF. Effects of nine antihypertensive drugs on blood pressure variability in sinoaortic-denervated rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2006;27: Gu XW, Xie HH, Wang J, Shen FM, Su DF. Arterial baroreflex is not involved in salt preference in rats. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2006; 33: Miao CY, Xie HH, Zhan LS, Su DF. Blood pressure variability is more important than blood pressure level in determination of end-organ damage in rats. J Hypertens. 2006;24:
8 Liu et al Arterial Baroreflex and Stroke Xie HH, Shen FM, Miao CY, Su DF. Blood pressure, baroreflex sensitivity, and end organ damage in hybrid offspring of spontaneously hypertensive rats and Sprague-Dawley rats. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2005;26: Van Vliet BN, Hu L, Scott T, Chafe L, Montani JP. Cardiac hypertrophy and telemetered blood pressure 6 wk after baroreceptor denervation in normotensive rats. Am J Physiol. 1996;271:R1759 R Burrell LM, Risvanis J, Kubota E, Dean RG, MacDonald PS, Lu S, Tikellis C, Grant SL, Lew RA, Smith AI, Cooper ME, Johnston CI. Myocardial infarction increases ACE2 expression in rat and humans. Eur Heart J. 2005;26: Liu JG, Xu LP, Chu ZX, Miao CY, Su DF. Contribution of blood pressure variability to the effect of nitrendipine on end-organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. J Hypertens. 2003;21: Fang XH, Zhang XH, Yang QD, Dai XY, Su FZ, Rao ML, Wu SP, Du XL, Wang WZ, Li SC. Subtype hypertension and risk of stroke in middle-aged and older Chinese: a 10-year follow-up study. Stroke. 2006; 37: Fang XH, Longstreth WT Jr, Li SC, Kronmal RA, Cheng XM, Wang WZ, Wu S, Du XL, Dai XY. Longitudinal study of blood pressure and stroke in over 37,000 people in China. Cerebrovasc Dis. 2001;11: Mortara A, La Rovere MT, Pinna GD, Prpa A, Maestri R, Febo O, Pozzoli M, Opasich C, Tavazzi L. Arterial baroreflex modulation of heart rate in chronic heart failure: clinical and hemodynamic correlates and prognostic implications. Circulation. 1997;96: Gerritsen J, Dekker JM, TenVoorde BJ, Kostense PJ, Heine RJ, Bouter LM, Heethaar RM, Stehouwer CD. Impaired autonomic function is associated with increased mortality, especially in subjects with diabetes, hypertension, or a history of cardiovascular disease: the Hoorn Study. Diabetes Care. 2001;24: La Rovere MT, Specchia G, Mortara A, Schwartz PJ. Baroreflex sensitivity, clinical correlates, and cardiovascular mortality among patients with a first myocardial infarction. A prospective study. Circulation. 1988;78: Cai GJ, Miao CY, Xie HH, Lu LH, Su DF. Arterial baroreflex dysfunction promotes atherosclerosis in rats. Atherosclerosis. 2005;183: Shu H, Yi-Ming W, Xu LP, Miao CY, Su DF. Increased susceptibility of ventricular arrhythmia to aconitine in anesthetized rats is attributed to the inhibition of baroreflex. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 2004;31: Shen FM, Guan YF, Xie HH, Su DF. Arterial baroreflex function determines the survival time in lipopolysaccharide-induced shock in rats. Shock. 2004;21: Fu YJ, Wang WZ, Cai GJ, Wang MW, Su DF. Action site of ketanserin enhancing baroreflex function is within the rostral ventrolateral medulla in anesthetized rats. Auton Neurosci. 2006;124:31 37.
Synergism of hydrochlorothiazide and nitrendipine on reduction of blood pressure and blood pressure variability in spontaneously hypertensive rats 1
Acta Pharmacologica Sinica 2006 Dec; 27 (12): 1575 1579 Full-length article Synergism of hydrochlorothiazide and nitrendipine on reduction of blood pressure and blood pressure variability in spontaneously
More informationTHE NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL DISTRIBUTION, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN YEREVAN (ARMENIA)
THE NEW ARMENIAN MEDICAL JOURNAL Vol.5 (2011), Nо 2, p.29-34 DISTRIBUTION, AWARENESS, TREATMENT, AND CONTROL OF ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION IN YEREVAN (ARMENIA) Zelveian P.H. 1, 2, Podosyan G.A. 2 1 Institute
More informationSUPPLEMENTAL DATA. Lumen area ( m 2 )
Elastin Lumen area ( m 2 ) Media to lumen ratio (x1) H.E. Medium thickness ( m) Medium area ( m 2 ) SUPPLEMENTAL DATA A (Bmal1 flox/flox ) (SM-Bmal1 -/- ) B 1 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 1µm 5 8 4 6 3 2 4 1 2 Supplemental
More informationSubtypes of Hypertension and Risk of Stroke in Rural Chinese Adults
Original Article Subtypes of Hypertension and Risk of Stroke in Rural Chinese Adults Zhaoqing Sun, 1 Xiaodan Han, 1 Liqiang Zheng, 1 Xingang Zhang, 1 Jue Li, 2 Dayi Hu, 2 and Yingxian Sun 1 background
More informationBlood Pressure Reduction Among Acute Stroke Patients A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial
Blood Pressure Reduction Among Acute Stroke Patients A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Jiang He, Yonghong Zhang, Tan Xu, Weijun Tong, Shaoyan Zhang, Chung-Shiuan Chen, Qi Zhao, Jing Chen for CATIS
More informationRisk Factors for Ischemic Stroke: Electrocardiographic Findings
Original Articles 232 Risk Factors for Ischemic Stroke: Electrocardiographic Findings Elley H.H. Chiu 1,2, Teng-Yeow Tan 1,3, Ku-Chou Chang 1,3, and Chia-Wei Liou 1,3 Abstract- Background: Standard 12-lead
More information4/4/17 HYPERTENSION TARGETS: WHAT DO WE DO NOW? SET THE STAGE BP IN CLINICAL TRIALS?
HYPERTENSION TARGETS: WHAT DO WE DO NOW? MICHAEL LEFEVRE, MD, MSPH PROFESSOR AND VICE CHAIR DEPARTMENT OF FAMILY AND COMMUNITY MEDICINE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI 4/4/17 DISCLOSURE: MEMBER OF THE JNC 8 PANEL
More information290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4):
290 Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(4): 290-294 Letter to the Editor Prevalence and Predictors of Hypertension in the Labor Force Population in China: Results from a Cross-sectional Survey in Xinjiang Uygur
More informationSlide notes: References:
1 2 3 Cut-off values for the definition of hypertension are systolic blood pressure (SBP) 135 and/or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) 85 mmhg for home blood pressure monitoring (HBPM) and daytime ambulatory
More informationThe combination of atenolol and amlodipine is better than their monotherapy for preventing end-organ damage in different types of hypertension in rats
J. Cell. Mol. Med. Vol 13, No 4, 2009 pp. 726-734 The combination of atenolol and amlodipine is better than their monotherapy for preventing end-organ damage in different types of hypertension in rats
More informationBlood Pressure Targets in Diabetes
Stockholm, 29 th August 2010 ESC Meeting Blood Pressure Targets in Diabetes Peter M Nilsson, MD, PhD Department of Clinical Sciences University Hospital, Malmö Sweden Studies on BP in DM2 ADVANCE RCT (Lancet
More informationRESUME Sep National Medical License, Taiwan Oct Board of Interal Medicine, Taiwan Aug Board of Cardiology, Internal Medicine, Taiwan
RESUME Ye-Hsu Lu, M.D. Office Address: No.100, Ziyou 1st Rd., Sanmin Dist., Kaohsiung City 80708, Taiwan TEL: +886-7-3121101 ext. 7741 (Office), +886-918867017 (Cell) FAX: +886-7-3234845 E-mail: yehslu@gmail.com
More informationSupplementary Material
Supplementary Material Induction of myocardial infarction Mice were anesthetized by intraperitoneal injection of pentobarbital (7 mg/kg). In the supine position, endotracheal intubation was performed.
More informationIn the name of GOD. Animal models of cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction & hypertension
In the name of GOD Animal models of cardiovascular diseases: myocardial infarction & hypertension 44 Presentation outline: Cardiovascular diseases Acute myocardial infarction Animal models for myocardial
More informationFrequent ventricular premature beats increase blood pressure variability in rats 1
545 2004, Acta Pharmacologica Sinica Chinese Pharmacological Society Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica Chinese Academy of Sciences http://www.chinaphar.com Original Research Frequent ventricular premature
More informationData Fact Sheet. Congestive Heart Failure in the United States: A New Epidemic
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Data Fact Sheet Congestive Heart Failure National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute National Institutes of Health Data Fact Sheet Congestive Heart Failure in the
More information2003 World Health Organization (WHO) / International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Statement on Management of Hypertension.
2003 World Health Organization (WHO) / International Society of Hypertension (ISH) Statement on Management of Hypertension Writing Group: Background Hypertension worldwide causes 7.1 million premature
More informationMINNEAPOLIS September 12, 2012 Medtronic, Inc. (NYSE: MDT) today announced findings
NEWS RELEASE Contacts: Wendy Dougherty Jeff Warren Public Relations Investor Relations 707-541-3004 763-505-2696 FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE HEALTH-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS SUGGESTS MEDTRONIC SYMPLICITY RENAL DENERVATION
More informationClinical Updates in the Treatment of Hypertension JNC 7 vs. JNC 8. Lauren Thomas, PharmD PGY1 Pharmacy Practice Resident South Pointe Hospital
Clinical Updates in the Treatment of Hypertension JNC 7 vs. JNC 8 Lauren Thomas, PharmD PGY1 Pharmacy Practice Resident South Pointe Hospital Objectives Review the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC
More informationSupplementary Appendix
Supplementary Appendix This appendix has been provided by the authors to give readers additional information about their work. Supplement to: Moran A, Zhao D, Gu D, et al. The Future Impact of Population
More informationLow fractional diastolic pressure in the ascending aorta increased the risk of coronary heart disease
(2002) 16, 837 841 & 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9240/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Low fractional diastolic pressure in the ascending aorta increased the risk
More informationManaging Hypertension in the Perioperative Arena
Managing Hypertension in the Perioperative Arena Optimizing Perioperative Management Strategies for Hypertension in the Cardiac Surgical Patient Objectives: Treatment of hypertensive emergencies. ALBERT
More informationANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG THERAPY IN CONSIDERATION OF CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATION*
Progress in Clinical Medicine 1 ANTIHYPERTENSIVE DRUG THERAPY IN CONSIDERATION OF CIRCADIAN BLOOD PRESSURE VARIATION* Keishi ABE** Asian Med. J. 44(2): 83 90, 2001 Abstract: J-MUBA was a large-scale clinical
More informationAssociation between the CYP11B2 gene 344T>C polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis
Association between the CYP11B2 gene 344T>C polymorphism and coronary artery disease: a meta-analysis Y. Liu, H.L. Liu, W. Han, S.J. Yu and J. Zhang Department of Cardiology, The General Hospital of the
More informationCardiac Output in Conscious One-clip, Two-kidney Renovascular Hypertensive Rats*)
Hiroshima Journal of Medical Sciences Vol. 32, No. 1, March, 1983 HIJM 32-9 59 Cardiac Output in Conscious One-clip, Two-kidney Renovascular Hypertensive Rats*) Yasuhiro TERANISHI and Juro IRIUCHIJIMA
More informationT. Suithichaiyakul Cardiomed Chula
T. Suithichaiyakul Cardiomed Chula The cardiovascular (CV) continuum: role of risk factors Endothelial Dysfunction Atherosclerosis and left ventricular hypertrophy Myocardial infarction & stroke Endothelial
More informationSupplementary Online Content
Supplementary Online Content Kavousi M, Leening MJG, Nanchen D, et al. Comparison of application of the ACC/AHA guidelines, Adult Treatment Panel III guidelines, and European Society of Cardiology guidelines
More informationThe problem of uncontrolled hypertension
(2002) 16, S3 S8 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9240/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/jhh The problem of uncontrolled hypertension Department of Public Health and Clinical Medicine, Norrlands
More informationPregnanolone effects on the blood pressure of stress-induced hypertension in rats
Acta Physiologica Sinica August June 25 25 2004 2004 56 56 (3) (4) 269-274 471-475 http//www.actaps.com.cn 471 * 130021 (pregnanolone ) (stress-induced hypertension SIH) (0.24 mg/kg) (angiotensin Ang )
More informationOriginal article : Incidence and Pattern of ECG Changes in Patient with Cerebrovascular Accidents: An Observational Study
Original article : Incidence and Pattern of ECG Changes in Patient with Cerebrovascular Accidents: An Observational Study Arohi Kumar Associate Professor, Department of General Medicine, Narayan Medical
More informationData Alert #2... Bi o l o g y Work i n g Gro u p. Subject: HOPE: New validation for the importance of tissue ACE inhibition
Vascular Bi o l o g y Work i n g Gro u p c/o Medical Education Consultants, In c. 25 Sy l van Road South, We s t p o rt, CT 06880 Chairman: Carl J. Pepine, MD Professor and Chief Division of Cardiovascular
More informationAntihypertensive Trial Design ALLHAT
1 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Major Outcomes in High Risk Hypertensive Patients Randomized to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor or Calcium Channel Blocker vs Diuretic National Institutes
More informationHeart Rate and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients
ESC Congress 2011 Paris 27-31 August Heart Rate and Cardiac Allograft Vasculopathy in Heart Transplant Recipients M.T. La Rovere, F. Olmetti, G.D. Pinna, R. Maestri, D. Lilleri, A. D Armini, M. Viganò,
More informationBlood Pressure Targets: Where are We Now?
Blood Pressure Targets: Where are We Now? Diana Cao, PharmD, BCPS-AQ Cardiology Assistant Professor Department of Clinical & Administrative Sciences California Northstate University College of Pharmacy
More informationClinical application of Arterial stiffness. pulse wave analysis pulse wave velocity
Clinical application of Arterial stiffness pulse wave analysis pulse wave velocity Arterial system 1. Large arteries: elastic arteries Aorta, carotid, iliac, Buffering reserve: store blood during systole
More informationThe benefit of treatment with -blockers in heart failure is
Heart Rate and Cardiac Rhythm Relationships With Bisoprolol Benefit in Chronic Heart Failure in CIBIS II Trial Philippe Lechat, MD, PhD; Jean-Sébastien Hulot, MD; Sylvie Escolano, MD, PhD; Alain Mallet,
More informationDeclaration of conflict of interest. None to declare
Declaration of conflict of interest None to declare Risk management of coronary artery disease Arrhythmias and diabetes Hercules Mavrakis Cardiology Department Heraklion University Hospital Crete, Greece
More informationHYPERTENSION GUIDELINES: BEING NORMAL JUST GOT HARDER
HYPERTENSION GUIDELINES: BEING NORMAL JUST GOT HARDER Sarah E Schroeder ACNP-BC, MSN RN, AACC Bryan Heart Fall Nursing Conference Lincoln, Nebraska USA October 13, 2018 DISCLOSURES None OBJECTIVES Hypertension
More informationOverview of the outcome trials in older patients with isolated systolic hypertension
Journal of Human Hypertension (1999) 13, 859 863 1999 Stockton Press. All rights reserved 0950-9240/99 $15.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/jhh Overview of the outcome trials in older patients with isolated
More informationGenome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese subjects identifies susceptibility loci at PLCE1 and C20orf54
CORRECTION NOTICE Nat. Genet. 42, 759 763 (2010); published online 22 August 2010; corrected online 27 August 2014 Genome-wide association study of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma in Chinese subjects
More informationHYPERTENSION AND HEART FAILURE
HYPERTENSION AND HEART FAILURE Kenya Cardiac Society Symposium Feb 2017 Dr Jeilan Mohamed No conflict of interests . Geoffrey, 45 yr old hypertensive office worker male from Nairobi, has just watched his
More informationHypertension Regulated By Acupuncture Finding
Hypertension Regulated By Acupuncture Finding Published by HealthCMi on November 2017 Heilongjiang Woniutuzhen Hospital researchers find acupuncture effective for the treatment of essential hypertension.
More information162 Biomed Environ Sci, 2014; 27(3):
162 Biomed Environ Sci, 2014; 27(3): 162-168 Original Article Impact of Cardiovascular Disease Deaths on Life Expectancy in Chinese Population * FAN Jie, LI Guo Qi, LIU Jing, WANG Wei, WANG Miao, QI Yue,
More informationPCI for Renal Artery stenosis
PCI for Renal Artery stenosis Why should we treat Renal Artery Stenosis? Natural History of RAS RAS is progressive disease Study Follow-up (months) Pts Progression N (%) Total occlusion Wollenweber Meaney
More informationBiomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(3): LI Jian Hong, WANG Li Min, LI Yi Chong, ZHANG Mei, and WANG Lin Hong #
Biomed Environ Sci, 2016; 29(3): 205-211 205 Letter to the Editor Prevalence of Major Cardiovascular Risk Factors and Cardiovascular Disease in Women in China: Surveillance Efforts LI Jian Hong, WANG Li
More informationImplications of Drug-related Increases in Blood Pressure
Implications of Drug-related Increases in Blood Pressure Preston M. Dunnmon, MD, FACP, FACC Division of Cardiovascular and Renal Products US Food and Drug Administration July 18, 2012 Disclaimer The findings
More informationOriginal Article CREPT expression correlates with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma histological grade and clinical outcome
Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2017;10(2):2030-2035 www.ijcep.com /ISSN:1936-2625/IJCEP0009456 Original Article CREPT expression correlates with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma histological grade and clinical
More informationConstruction of the Vesselcollateral. Guidance for Prevention and Treatment of Vasculopathy. Section 1. China. Clinical Trials.
Section 1 05 Clinical Trials Construction of the Vesselcollateral Theory and its Guidance for Prevention and Treatment of Vasculopathy China Yiling Wu The Integration of Traditional and Western Medical
More informationBlood Pressure Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Blood Pressure Management in Acute Ischemic Stroke Kimberly Clark, PharmD, BCCCP Clinical Pharmacy Specialist Critical Care, Greenville Health System Adjunct Assistant Professor, South Carolina College
More informationRationale for Prophylactic Support During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
Rationale for Prophylactic Support During Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Navin K. Kapur, MD, FACC, FSCAI Assistant Director, Interventional Cardiology Director, Interventional Research Laboratories
More informationIndividual management of arterial hypertension. Doumas Michael, Internist Lecturer, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki
Individual management of arterial hypertension Doumas Michael, Internist Lecturer, Aristotle University, Thessaloniki From Population to Individual Management of Arterial Hypertension Epidemiologic impact
More informationINCREASED PULSE PRESSURE AND SYSTOLIC x HEART RATE DOUBLE PRODUCT AND CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS
INCREASED PULSE PRESSURE AND SYSTOLIC x HEART RATE DOUBLE PRODUCT AND CARDIOVASCULAR AUTONOMIC NEUROPATHY IN TYPE 2 DIABETIC PATIENTS A.J. Scheen, J.C. Philips, M. Marchand Division of Diabetes, Nutrition
More information20 ng/ml 200 ng/ml 1000 ng/ml chronic kidney disease CKD Brugada 5 Brugada Brugada 1
Symposium 39 45 1 1 2005 2008 108000 59000 55 1 3 0.045 1 1 90 95 5 10 60 30 Brugada 5 Brugada 80 15 Brugada 1 80 20 2 12 X 2 1 1 brain natriuretic peptide BNP 20 ng/ml 200 ng/ml 1000 ng/ml chronic kidney
More informationNew Antihypertensive Strategies to Improve Blood Pressure Control
New Antihypertensive Strategies to Improve Blood Pressure Control Antonio Coca, MD, PhD,, FRCP, FESC Hypertension and Vascular Risk Unit Department of Internal Medicine. Hospital Clínic (IDIBAPS) University
More informationDISCLOSURE PHARMACIST OBJECTIVES 9/30/2014 JNC 8: A REVIEW OF THE LONG-AWAITED/MUCH-ANTICIPATED HYPERTENSION GUIDELINES. I have nothing to disclose.
JNC 8: A REVIEW OF THE LONG-AWAITED/MUCH-ANTICIPATED HYPERTENSION GUIDELINES Tiffany Dickey, PharmD Assistant Professor, UAMS COP Clinical Pharmacy Specialist, Mercy Hospital Northwest AR DISCLOSURE I
More informationORIGINAL INVESTIGATION. C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults
ORIGINAL INVESTIGATION C-Reactive Protein Concentration and Incident Hypertension in Young Adults The CARDIA Study Susan G. Lakoski, MD, MS; David M. Herrington, MD, MHS; David M. Siscovick, MD, MPH; Stephen
More informationEffects of Kidney Disease on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality
Effects of Kidney Disease on Cardiovascular Morbidity and Mortality Joachim H. Ix, MD, MAS Assistant Professor in Residence Division of Nephrology University of California San Diego, and Veterans Affairs
More information24-uur ambulante bloeddrukmeting versus thuisbloedrukmeting
2017 Dementia 24-uur ambulante bloeddrukmeting versus thuisbloedrukmeting Wat gebruiken in de klinische praktijk? Jan A. Staessen, MD, PhD KU Leuven jan.staessen@kuleuven.be BPM Key messages to be made
More informationPULSE WAVE VELOCITY AS A NEW ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS
PULSE WAVE VELOCITY AS A NEW ASSESSMENT TOOL FOR ATHEROSCLEROSIS Introduction Hirohide Yokokawa, M.D., Ph.D. 1 , Aya Goto, M.D., MPH, Ph.D. 2 , and Seiji Yasumura, M.D., Ph.D.
More informationEffects of Renin-Angiotensin System blockade on arterial stiffness and function. Gérard M. LONDON Manhès Hospital Paris, France
Effects of Renin-Angiotensin System blockade on arterial stiffness and function Gérard M. LONDON Manhès Hospital Paris, France Determinants of vascular overload (afterload) on the heart Peripheral Resistance
More informationBaroreflex sensitivity and the blood pressure response to -blockade
Journal of Human Hypertension (1999) 13, 185 190 1999 Stockton Press. All rights reserved 0950-9240/99 $12.00 http://www.stockton-press.co.uk/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Baroreflex sensitivity and the blood pressure
More informationElements for a public summary
VI.2 Elements for a public summary VI.2.1Overview of disease epidemiology 1 Losartan is indicated for: Treatment of essential hypertension in adults and in children and adolescent 6 18 years of age. Treatment
More informationByeong-Keuk Kim, MD, PhD. Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
Byeong-Keuk Kim, MD, PhD Division of Cardiology, Severance Cardiovascular Hospital Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea BP change (mmhg) from Baseline to 6 Months (mmhg) Catheter-based renal
More informationPathology of Hypertension
2016-03-07 Pathology of Hypertension Honghe Zhang honghezhang@zju.edu.cn Tel:88208199 Department of Pathology ❶ Genetic predisposition ❷ Dietary factors ❸ Environmental factors ❹ Others Definition and
More informationProf. Samir Morcos Rafla Alexandria Univ. Cardiology Dept.
Obesity as a risk factor for Atrial Fibrillation Prof. Samir Morcos Rafla Alexandria Univ. Cardiology Dept. CardioAlex 2010 smrafla@hotmail.com 1 Obesity has reached epidemic proportions in the United
More informationFacilitated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in STEMI Patients: Does It Work in Asian Patients?
Editorial Comment Acta Cardiol Sin 2014;30:292 297 Facilitated Percutaneous Coronary Intervention in STEMI Patients: Does It Work in Asian Patients? Wei-Chun Huang, 1,2,3 Cheng-Hung Chiang 1,2 and Chun-Peng
More informationStroke Update. Lacunar 19% Thromboembolic 6% SAH 13% ICH 13% Unknown 32% Hemorrhagic 26% Ischemic 71% Other 3% Cardioembolic 14%
Stroke Update Michel Torbey, MD, MPH, FAHA, FNCS Medical Director, Neurovascular Stroke Center Professor Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center Objectives
More informationValidation of the SEJOY BP-1307 upper arm blood pressure monitor for home. blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension
Validation of the SEJOY BP-1307 upper arm blood pressure monitor for home blood pressure monitoring according to the European Society of Hypertension International Protocol revision 2010 Short title: Validation
More informationChildhood obesity and blood pressure: back to the future?
Thomas Jefferson University Jefferson Digital Commons Department of Pediatrics Faculty Papers Department of Pediatrics 11-1-2011 Childhood obesity and blood pressure: back to the future? Bonita Falkner
More informationCardiac Output MCQ. Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology. Cairo University 2007
Cardiac Output MCQ Abdel Moniem Ibrahim Ahmed, MD Professor of Cardiovascular Physiology Cairo University 2007 90- Guided by Ohm's law when : a- Cardiac output = 5.6 L/min. b- Systolic and diastolic BP
More informationThe Impact of Depression on Diabetes. Diabetes in Canada. Why is Diabetes a Concern? Lauren C. Brown, BScPharm, MSc, ACPR
The Impact of Depression on Diabetes Lauren C. Brown, BScPharm, MSc, ACPR The Impact of Depression on Mortality and Morbidity Including Other Diseases October 15, 2008 Diabetes in Canada Approximately
More informationDirector of the Israeli Institute for Quality in Medicine Israeli Medical Association July 1st, 2016
The differential effect of Atherosclerosis on end organ damage in adult and elderly patients with CVRF: New Algorithm for Hypertension Diagnosis and Treatment R. Zimlichman, FAHA, FASH, FESC, FESH Chief
More informationΕπεμβατικές στρατηγικές στην πνευμονική υπέρταση
Επεμβατικές στρατηγικές στην πνευμονική υπέρταση Παναγιώτης Καρυοφύλλης Καρδιολόγος Ωνάσειο Καρδιοχειρουργικό Κέντρο Mortality in PAH 2015 ESC/ERS Guidelines. Treatment algorithm Since BAS is performed
More informationCandesartan Antihypertensive Survival Evaluation in Japan (CASE-J) Trial of Cardiovascular Events in High-Risk Hypertensive Patients
1/5 This site became the new ClinicalTrials.gov on June 19th. Learn more. We will be updating this site in phases. This allows us to move faster and to deliver better services. Show less IMPORTANT: Listing
More informationRelaxation responses of aortic rings from salt-loaded high calcium fed rats to potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate
Pathophysiology 4 (1998) 275 280 Relaxation responses of aortic rings from salt-loaded high calcium fed rats to potassium chloride, calcium chloride and magnesium sulphate B.J. Adegunloye, O.A. Sofola
More informationEchocardiography analysis in renal transplant recipients
Original Research Article Echocardiography analysis in renal transplant recipients S.A.K. Noor Mohamed 1*, Edwin Fernando 2, 1 Assistant Professor, 2 Professor Department of Nephrology, Govt. Stanley Medical
More informationHospital and 1-year outcome after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus and hypertension
(2003) 17, 665 670 & 2003 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9240/03 $25.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Hospital and 1-year outcome after acute myocardial infarction in patients with
More informationCancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai between 2002 and 2006
Chinese Journal of Cancer Original Article Cancer incidence and patient survival rates among the residents in the Pudong New Area of Shanghai between 2002 and 2006 Xiao-Pan Li 1, Guang-Wen Cao 2, Qiao
More informationHTA ET DIALYSE DR ALAIN GUERIN
HTA ET DIALYSE DR ALAIN GUERIN Cardiovascular Disease Mortality General Population vs ESRD Dialysis Patients 100 Annual CVD Mortality (%) 10 1 0.1 0.01 0.001 25-34 35-44 45-54 55-64 66-74 75-84 >85 Age
More informationStopping oral contraceptives: an effective blood pressure-lowering intervention in women with hypertension
(2005) 19, 451 455 & 2005 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0950-9240/05 $30.00 www.nature.com/jhh ORIGINAL ARTICLE Stopping oral contraceptives: an effective blood pressure-lowering intervention
More informationDysglycaemia and Hypertension. Dr E M Manuthu Physician Kitale
Dysglycaemia and Hypertension Dr E M Manuthu Physician Kitale None Disclosures DM is MI equivalent MR FIT Objective was to assess predictors of CVD mortality among men with and without diabetes and
More informationBIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1
BIPN100 F15 Human Physiol I (Kristan) Lecture 14 Cardiovascular control mechanisms p. 1 Terms you should understand: hemorrhage, intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms, anoxia, myocardial contractility, residual
More informationAnalysis of risk factors of cardiac metabolic abnormality in patients with hypertension.
Biomedical Research 2017; 28 (14): 6452-6457 Analysis of risk factors of cardiac metabolic abnormality in patients with hypertension. Wang Yong 1, Cheng Jinsong 1, Huang Funing 1, Zhang Jianping 2, Xu
More informationCedars Sinai Diabetes. Michael A. Weber
Cedars Sinai Diabetes Michael A. Weber Speaker Disclosures I disclose that I am a Consultant for: Ablative Solutions, Boston Scientific, Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, Forest, Medtronics, Novartis, ReCor
More informationCerebral Autoregulation What s the Big Deal? Kathy Morrison MSN, RN, CNRN Gayle Watson MSN, RN, CCNS, CCRN
Cerebral Autoregulation What s the Big Deal? Kathy Morrison MSN, RN, CNRN Gayle Watson MSN, RN, CCNS, CCRN Background 30% of patients have history of hypertension prior to stroke 80% will present with
More information1. Albuminuria an early sign of glomerular damage and renal disease. albuminuria
1. Albuminuria an early sign of glomerular damage and renal disease albuminuria Cardio-renal continuum REGRESS Target organ damage Asymptomatic CKD New risk factors Atherosclerosis Target organ damage
More informationTraitements associés chez l hypertendu: Statines, Aspirine
Traitements associés chez l hypertendu: Statines, Aspirine Pr Jean-Jacques Mourad CHU Avicenne, Université Paris 13, Bobigny DU HTA, Mars 2012 jean-jacques.mourad@avc.aphp.fr Global Mortality 2000: Impact
More informationNone. Disclosure: Relationships with Industry Conflicts of Interests. Learning Objectives: Participants will be able to:
2014 Evidence-Based Guideline for the Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults: Report from the Panel Members Appointed to the Eighth Joint National Committee (JNC 8) James W. Shaw, MD Memorial Lecture
More informationREGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONS DURING ACUTE BLOOD LOSS
Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2005; 49 (2) : 213 219 REGULATION OF CARDIOVASCULAR FUNCTIONS DURING ACUTE BLOOD LOSS RAJINDER K. GUPTA* AND MOHAMMAD FAHIM Department of Physiology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest
More informationProtecting the heart and kidney: implications from the SHARP trial
Cardiology Update, Davos, 2013: Satellite Symposium Protecting the heart and kidney: implications from the SHARP trial Colin Baigent Professor of Epidemiology CTSU, University of Oxford S1 First CTT cycle:
More informationAcute Medical Management. Bogachan Sahin, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Neurology
Acute Medical Management Bogachan Sahin, M.D., Ph.D. Department of Neurology Outline Head-of-bed position Blood pressure management Antiplatelet therapy Anticoagulation Statin therapy Rehabilitation and
More informationCancer Cell Research 14 (2017)
Available at http:// www.cancercellresearch.org ISSN 2161-2609 Efficacy and safety of bevacizumab for patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer Ping Xu, Hongmei Li*, Xiaoyan Zhang Department of
More informationCharacterization and significance of MUC1 and c-myc expression in elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma
Characterization and significance of MUC1 and c-myc expression in elderly patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma Y.-J. Hu 1, X.-Y. Luo 2, Y. Yang 3, C.-Y. Chen 1, Z.-Y. Zhang 4 and X. Guo 1 1 Department
More informationThe Impact of Smoking on Acute Ischemic Stroke
Smoking The Impact of Smoking on Acute Ischemic Stroke Wei-Chieh Weng, M.D. Department of Neurology, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital, Kee-Lung, Taiwan Smoking related mortality Atherosclerotic vascular disease
More informationThe features of reserpine-induced gastric mucosal lesions
npg (2010) 31: 938 943 2010 CPS and SIMM All rights reserved 1671-4083/10 $32.00 www.nature.com/aps Original Article The features of reserpine-induced gastric mucosal lesions Xiu-juan MA 1, 2, #, Guo-cai
More informationUpdate on Current Trends in Hypertension Management
Friday General Session Update on Current Trends in Hypertension Management Shawna Nesbitt, MD Associate Dean, Minority Student Affairs Associate Professor, Department of Internal Medicine Office of Student
More informationEarly Detection of Damaged Organ
Early Detection of Damaged Organ Regional Cardiovascular Center, Chungbuk National University Kyung-Kuk Hwang Contents NICE guideline 2011 - Confirm the diagnosis of HT ambulatory blood pressure monitoring
More informationFindings- The sample contained participants with a mean age of 55 6 years (SD 9 7), 59 5% of whom were women. 44 7% (95% CI ) of
Prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control of hypertension in China: data from 1 7 million adults in a population-based screening study (China PEACE Million Persons Project) Jiapeng Lu*, Yuan Lu*, Xiaochen
More informationPrediction of Life-Threatening Arrhythmia in Patients after Myocardial Infarction by Late Potentials, Ejection Fraction and Holter Monitoring
Prediction of Life-Threatening Arrhythmia in Patients after Myocardial Infarction by Late Potentials, Ejection Fraction and Holter Monitoring Yu-Zhen ZHANG, M.D.,* Shi-Wen WANG, M.D.,* Da-Yi Hu, M.D.,**
More informationCentral pressures and prediction of cardiovascular events in erectile dysfunction patients
Central pressures and prediction of cardiovascular events in erectile dysfunction patients N. Ioakeimidis, K. Rokkas, A. Angelis, Z. Kratiras, M. Abdelrasoul, C. Georgakopoulos, D. Terentes-Printzios,
More information