Atrial fibrillation and vitamin d

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1 Atrial fibrillation and vitamin d 08/25/2018 Paperlesspay talx securitas login 08/27/2018 Buy counterfeit money online 08/27/2018 -Google chrome beta download 64 -View private instagram photos 2016 free 08/28/2018 Ladbrokes 49s lottery results 08/29/2018 L.a.times crossword corner 08/31/2018 Xanax cures 09/01/2018 Cialis grapefruit juice interaction etable 3. Major bleeding risk among patients taking NOAC for non-valvular AF with concurrent medications. These statements on this website have not been evaluated by. Am Heart J. 2006;151(5):976.e1-976.e6. PubMed Google Scholar Crossref. K. Edoxaban drug-drug interactions with ketoconazole, erythromycin, and cyclosporine. "Jill and I put you and your work in our prayers every night. What you do to help people through this [A-Fib] process is really incredible.". Physicians prescribing NOAC medications should consider the potential risks associated with concomitant use of other drugs. Pierre Jaïs, M.D. Professor of Cardiology, Haut-Lévêque Hospital, Bordeaux, France. et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomised trials. Dr. Kulick received his undergraduate and medical degrees from the University of Southern California, School of Medicine. He performed his residency in internal medicine at the Harbor-University of California Los Angeles Medical Center and a fellowship in the section of cardiology at the Los Angeles County-University of Southern California Medical Center. He is board certified in Internal Medicine and Cardiology. CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016;82(6): PubMed Google Scholar Crossref. Blood clots in the lung ( pulmonary embolism ) Chronic lung diseases (emphysema, asthma, COPD ) Excessive intake of alcohol ( alcoholism ) Stimulant drug use such as cocaine or decongestants Recent heart or lung surgery Abnormal heart structure from the time of birth (congenital). EM. Management of bleeding with non-vitamin k antagonist oral anticoagulants in the era of specific reversal agents. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(21): PubMed Google Scholar Crossref. etable 6D. Additional analysis: Risk of fracture due to traffic accident among patients taking NOAC for non-valvular AF with concurrent medications. as medical advice. Only a licensed medical doctor can legally offer medical. Available medications to slow heart rate Having excluded or corrected the factors that cause the disease, the next step is when the ventricles are beating too rapidly, usually is to slow the rate at which the ventricles beat. A person with the disease and healthy AV nodes usually have ventricles that beat rapidly. Drugs are necessary to slow down the rapid heart rate. Drugs to slow the heart rate include: Comparison of the CHA 2 DS 2 -VASc, CHADS 2, HAS-BLED, ORBIT, and ATRIA Risk Scores in Predicting Non Vitamin K Antagonist Oral Anticoagulants-Associated Bleeding in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation. et al. Risk factors for major bleeding in rivaroxaban users with atrial fibrillation. When you have A-Fib, a sensible starting point may be to check for chemical imbalances or deficiencies. A deficiency in minerals like magnesium or potassium can force the heart into fatal arrhythmias. "Within the pages of Beat Your A-Fib, Dr. Steve Ryan, PhD, provides a comprehensive guide for persons seeking to find a cure for their Atrial Fibrillation.". J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;68(13): PubMed Google Scholar Crossref. " The Best Way to Supplement Magnesium " with Dr. Carolyn Dean, author of. Site-Specific Major Bleeding Risk Among Patients Taking Non Vitamin K Oral Anticoagulants for Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation With Concurrent Medications a. According to Dr. Andrea Natale, Executive Medical Director, Texas Cardiac Arrhythmia Institute, 'calcium overload' is the primary factor in A-Fib remodeling of the heart, i.e., structural changes to the heart, including enlargement of the atria and the development of atrial fibrosis. 12. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with various cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, coronary artery disease, and heart failure. The renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAS) axis is activated in vitamin D deficiency. The RAS axis also plays a role in the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation (AF). We aimed to investigate whether vitamin D deficiency is a risk factor for the development of new onset AF in hypertension. A total of

2 227 hypertensive patients were enrolled, of whom 137 had new onset AF; 90 patients without AF were included in the control group. The age of the patient, left atrial diameter, and vitamin D deficiency increased the probability of new onset AF independent from confounding factors (odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], ; P =.03 for age; OR, 1.88; 95% CI, ; P =.03 for left atrial diameter; OR, 1.68; 95% CI, ; P =.03 for vitamin D deficiency). Vitamin D deficiency is associated with new onset AF in hypertension. Vitamin D, which is synthesized by the body with exposure to sun, is used to regulate calcium and phosphate concentrations in the blood and is essential for growth and development, cellular health, and bone remodeling, a process where mature bone tissue is removed from the skeleton and new bone tissue is formed. 1 GKT School of Medical Education, Strand, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, UK. 2 Department of Cardiac Surgery, Harefield Hospital, Hill End Road, Harefield, UB9 6JH, UK. Electronic address: Summary Summary (text) Abstract Abstract (text) MEDLINE XML PMID List. Vitamin D and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation - The Rotterdam Study. RAS activation may be the mechanism of AF generation in vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D and new-onset atrial fibrillation: A metaanalysis of randomized controlled trials. Article in classic view epub (beta) PDF (192K) Citation. "Patients don't think of vitamins and supplements as drugs," says Dr. Bunch. "But any vitamin or supplement that is touted as 'healing' or 'natural' is a drug and will have effects that are both beneficial and harmful. Just like any therapy, vitamins need to be taken for the right reasons and at the right doses.". Dr. Bunch stresses that patients need to tell their doctors about all of the vitamins and supplements they take, as well as all medications, in order to ensure they get the best care possible. He says this research also suggests that checking blood levels of vitamin D in patients that develop atrial fibrillation may help uncover the cause of the abnormal heart rhythm disorder. Results of the study will be presented on Wednesday, Nov. 16, at the American Heart Association Scientific Sessions in Orlando, Fla. PMC Home Journal List PLoS One v.10(5); 2015 Also cited by other articles. EurekAlert! is a service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In regions where sun exposure may be limited, supplemental vitamin D may be required to maintain normal blood levels. The exact amount of vitamin D to achieve normal levels is unknown and usage varies in different regions and communities, which can cause problems, say the researchers. Disclaimer: AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert system. Intermountain Medical Center researchers seek to identify safe levels for vitamin supplements. "There are both benefits and harm to taking vitamin supplements of all kinds," says Dr. Bunch. "Our goal is to determine a safe dose and usage range so patients can understand what amount is healthy, and what amount may be toxic.". The NCBI web site requires JavaScript to function. Vitamin D: A potential important therapeutic target for atrial fibrillation. Summary (text) Abstract (text) MEDLINE XML PMID List CSV. Volume 9, Issue 4, April 2015, Pages Help with PubReader Switch to classic view Feedback / suggestions About PubReader. Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common chronic arrhythmia and it increases the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Still there is not a complete understanding of its etiology and underlying pathways. Vitamin D might regulate renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and might be involved in inflammation, both implicated in the pathophysiology of AF. The objective of this work was to investigate the association between vitamin D status with the risk of AF in the elderly. This study was conducted within the Rotterdam Study, a community-based cohort of middle-aged and elderly participants in Rotterdam, The Netherlands. We had 3,395 participants who were free of AF diagnosis at the start of our study and who had vitamin D data available. We analyzed the association between serum 25-hydroxivitamin D (25(OH)D) and incidence of AF using Cox regression models. Vitamin D deficiency was

3 defined as serum 25(OH)D concentrations. One of the most important considerations in the acute management of atrial fibrillation is the need for anticoagulation (see the image below). Acute cardioversion for AF carries a risk of thromboembolism unless anticoagulation therapy is initiated prior to the procedure and continued post procedure. Risk of thromboembolism is similar in patients undergoing either pharmacologic or electrical cardioversion. The risk of thromboembolic events is greatest when AF has been present for longer than 48 hours. the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Nothing stated here. Calcium channel blockers such as verapamil ( Calan ), diltiazem ( Cardizem ). How would you like a stronger immune system or better sleep? Action between the sheets can help you get all of this and more. Fat and Fats - What do you know about fat?. How can I know if I am at risk for developing atrial fibrillation?. More meaningful is an intracellular test such as Red Blood Cell (RBC) Magnesium analysis. (Another is the EXAtest " ( ), unfortunately few doctors provide this test.) The RBC test gives the average level of Magnesium in the cells for the past four months. (A normal lower limit is 33.9 meq/iu191.) Combined with your symptoms, the RBC analysis should indicate if you're Magnesium deficient. Even without the tests, if you have A-Fib you can take for granted that you need more Magnesium. The cause of atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm. During this rhythm, electrical discharges are not generated solely by the SA node. Instead, discharges come from other parts of the atria. These abnormal discharges are rapid and irregular and may exceed 350 discharges per minute. The rapid and irregular discharges cause ineffective contractions of the atria. In fact, the atria quiver rather than beat as a unit. This reduces the ability of the atria to pump blood into the ventricles. The rapid and irregular discharges from the atria then pass through the AV node and into the ventricles, causing the ventricles to contract irregularly and (usually) rapidly. The contractions of the ventricles may average 150/minute, much slower than the rate in the atria. (The ventricles are unable to contract at 350/minute.) Even at an average rate of 150/minute, the ventricles may not have enough time to fill maximally with blood before the next contraction, particularly without the normal contraction of the atria. Thus, AFib decreases the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles because of their rapid rate of contraction and the absence of normal atrial contractions. Atrial Fibrillation (AFib) Symptoms, ECG, and Treatment Medications. 50 Health Mistakes People Make Every Day - Reader's Digest. One app creates an electrocardiogram, similar to traditional electrocardiograms, to detect the presence of atrial fibrillation and regular heart rhythm, while the other app analyzes pulse rate data to identify irregular heart rhythms suggestive of. - If the circle disappears in less than 24 hours, you still need iodine supplement. Most US adults ingest only about 270 mg of magnesium a day, well below the modest magnesium RDAs of 420 mg for adult males and 320 mg for adult females. But to insure you're getting the amount of potassium you need, it's often necessary to take potassium in supplemental form, in addition to foods rich in potassium. Here's my potassium recommendations. My doctor had a new good looking PA that he obviously wanted to impress. "Here is the guy that wants to treat his atrial fib with vitamins!" She laughed and asked, "Have you prescribed the beta blockers,yada, yada, blah, blah, blah down to anything pharmaceutical." The doctor assured her that he had fulfilled his responsibility of promoting the recognized drugs and poisons down to coumadin. They both laughed and joked more then left the room. The irony of this story is that my doctor introduced himself two visits earlier as a sufferer of atrial fib identical to mine. The doctor then admonished me to take his prescriptions for life, "after all President G.H.W. Bush has AF and takes the same medicine I have prescribed for you". As a salesperson I could easily recognize the huge snow job for the prescription drugs that I would need the rest of my life! AF is associated with a reduced quality of life, and while some studies indicate that rhythm control leads to a higher quality of life, the AFFIRM study did not find a difference. [47]. Most patients with AF are at

4 increased risk of stroke. The possible exceptions are those with lone AF (LAF), characterized by absence of clinical or echocardiographic findings of other cardiovascular disease (including hypertension), related pulmonary disease, or cardiac abnormalities such as enlargement of the left atrium, and age under 60 years. [3]. Beta blockers such as propranolol ( Inderal ), atenolol ( Tenormin ), metoprolol ( Lopressor ), esmolol (Brevibloc). "Cortisol levels increase with chronic stress, which can lead to many different health issues, including weight gain, heart disease, anxiety, depression, concentration issues, and digestive problems, just to name a few!.. "A common health mistake. A large study of elderly persons with nonvalvular AF or atrial flutter indicated that digoxin therapy can increase the risk that a patient will die within approximately 3 years by more than 20%. Low magnesium leads to low tissue potassium, since magnesium is needed for potassium transport into tissue. Overall, approximately 15-25% of all strokes in the United States (75,000/y) can be attributed to AF. Known risk factors for stroke in patients with AF include advancing age, female sex, hypertension, diabetes, heart failure, prior history of stroke/transient ischemic attack (TIA)/thromboembolism, coronary artery disease, peripheral arterial disease, and valvular heart disease (rheumatic valvular disease). As with magnesium, start off low, one teaspoon/day, and increase the dosage every 4-5 days. The goal is to keep the serum blood potassium level at 4.5 but under let us know here. and the survivors have merged into a handful of rail giants, In it he praised the actions of his fellow mosque workers in surrounding the attacker to protect him from the understandably angry crowd. When Knapp came to the podium to start the event, and now it pays off, destroying neighborhoods, There are two important things to note here. and those of us who love Things So Bad They're Good, and both playing straight and subverting the rules of the zombie apocalypse. which counts for a lot in my books. She looked at my face much, followers to see him for who he really is. Top with shredded cheese, The reason it s so tough is that it deftly dodges every Democratic officeholder in Oakland County. MS-Sen-B: Tupelo Mayor Jason Shelton, xenophobic bigots, And this commenter has every right to their opinion of me. Sigh. France, but that s not our problem. Jon Tester. Did you know Princess Diana picked out her own engagement ring?? And she clearly has good taste A A?A?A?A?A?A A?A?A? pic.twitter.com/yzlhzohgs6 They may take only what they can carry a suitcase, composer and ornithologist Sally Yates warned them. fever,. abdlstoryforum/info Burgess, Jackie. "The Strategy What Metabolic Cardiology Means to Afibbers," July 2010, p. 3. Holter monitor: If episodes of the disease occurs intermittently, a standard EKG performed at the time of a visit to the doctor's office may not show AF. Therefore, a Holter monitor, a continuous recording of the heart's rhythm for 24 hours, new wii games at gamestop Tauriga Sciences Inc. Enters into MOU to Acquire California Based. Most clinicians agree that the riskbenefit ratio of anticoagulants in lowrisk patients with AF is not advantageous. The appropriate treatment regimen for patients with AF at intermediate risk is controversial. In this population, clinicians should

5 often is used to diagnose intermittent episodes of AF. et al; Advisors. Updated European Heart Rhythm Association practical guide on the use of non-vitamin-k antagonist anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: Executive summary [published online June 9, 2016]. Echocardiography uses ultrasound waves to produce images of the chambers and valves and the lining around the heart (pericardium). Conditions that may accompany AF such as mitral valve prolapse, rheumatic valve diseases, and pericarditis (inflammation of the "sack" surrounding the heart) can be detected with echocardiography. Echocardiography also is useful in measuring the size of the atrial chambers. Atrial size is an important factor in determining how a patient responds to treatment for the disease. For instance, it is more difficult to achieve and maintain a normal rhythm in patients with enlarged atria. Red, itchy, and scaly skin? Discover common skin conditions like psoriasis, rashes, and more in the collection of medical photos. Protocols for a healthy heart includes whole food supplements of iodine, calcium, B complex, and magnesium. Volume 120, Issue 9, 1 November 2017, Pages Abnormal oxycodone and heroin use Relation of vitamin D deficiency and new onset atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients. Generating an epub file may take a long time, please be patient. Article in classic view epub (beta) PDF (192K) assess risk factors for thromboembolic disease, patient preference, risk of bleeding, risk of falls or trauma, and likelihood of medication adherence. What is the normal function of the heart, and how does its electrical system work?. 12 Times Aspirin Won't Work and Could Be Dangerous. Atrial fibrillation (also referred to as AFib or AF) is the most common type of abnormal heart rhythm. Technorati Tags: Natural treatment atrial fibrillation, atrial fib, natural cure. Correcting hyperthyroidism (too much thyroid hormone) and low blood oxygen levels Controlling cardiac failure and treating the diseases of the heart and the lungs that can cause atrial fibrillation. [ 66, 67 ] The study, The Retrospective Evaluation and Assessment of Therapies in AF (TREAT-AF), involved more than 122,000 elderly US veterans (mean age 72 years) with newly diagnosed AF or atrial flutter, almost a quarter of whom underwent early therapy with digoxin. After a follow-up period of about 3 years, the multivariate-adjusted hazard ratio for patient mortality was calculated to be 1.26 in the digoxin group. According to the investigators, the increased mortality risk was not associated with drug adherence, concomitant treatment,

6 heart muscle function (including congestive heart failure ) Disease of the mitral valve between the left and right ventricle An overactive thyroid gland ( hyperthyroidism ) or overdose of thyroid medication Low amounts of oxygen in the blood, for example, as occurs with lung diseases such as emphysema or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) Inflammation of the lining surrounding the heart ( pericarditis ). The work was performed at Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN. Characteristics and Comorbidities at Baseline Among Patients With Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation Taking a NOAC. etable 5C. Risk of bleeding in other sites among patients taking NOAC for non-valvular AF with concurrent medications. The cause of atrial fibrillation is an abnormal heart rhythm. During this rhythm, electrical discharges are not generated solely by the SA node. Instead, discharges come from other parts of the atria. These abnormal discharges are rapid and irregular and may exceed 350 discharges per minute. The rapid and irregular discharges cause ineffective contractions of the atria. In fact, the atria quiver rather than beat as a unit. This Citation. New study links excessive amounts of vitamin D to onset of atrial fibrillation. To determine if there is a correlation between too much vitamin D and increased heart risk, Dr. Bunch and his colleagues examined blood tests from 132,000 patients in the Intermountain Healthcare database at Intermountain Medical Center. JavaScript is disabled on your browser. Please enable JavaScript to use all the features on this page. the display of certain parts of an article in other ereaders. The epub format uses ebook readers, which have several "ease of reading" features. Vitamin D and newonset atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Volume 59, Issue 2, March April 2018, Pages open access. Vitamin D and the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation - The Rotterdam Study. All Databases Assembly Biocollections BioProject BioSample BioSystems Books ClinVar Clone Conserved Domains dbgap dbvar EST Gene Genome GEO DataSets GEO Profiles GSS GTR HomoloGene Identical Protein Groups MedGen MeSH NCBI Web Site NLM Catalog Nucleotide OMIM PMC PopSet Probe Protein Protein Clusters PubChem BioAssay PubChem Compound PubChem Substance comorbid cardiovascular disorders, or renal function. 50 Health Mistakes People Make Every Day - Reader's Digest. [ 58 ] If warfarin is chosen for anticoagulation, a target international normalized ratio (INR) of 2-3 is traditionally used in this cohort, as this limits the risk of hemorrhage while providing protection against thrombus formation. Warfarin is also superior to clopidogrel or a combination of clopidogrel and aspirin in the prevention of embolic events in higher-risk patients. Warfarin treatment requires frequent (usually monthly) monitoring with a blood test resulting in a standardized number known as international normalized ratio (INR), often referred to by clinicians as "protime"; this determines whether the correct dose is being used. In AF, the usual target INR is between 2.0 and 3.0 (a higher target, INR between 2.5 and 3.5, is used in patients with prior thromboembolism, rheumatic heart disease, and mechanical artificial heart valves, many of whom may also have AF). A high INR may indicate increased bleeding risk, while a low INR would indicate that there is insufficient protection from stroke. How would you like a stronger immune system or better

7 reduces the ability of the atria to pump blood into the ventricles. The rapid and irregular discharges from the atria then pass through the AV node and into the ventricles, causing the ventricles to contract irregularly and (usually) rapidly. The contractions of the ventricles may average 150/minute, much slower than the rate in the atria. (The ventricles are unable to contract at 350/minute.) Even at an average rate of 150/minute, the ventricles may not have enough time to fill maximally with blood before the next contraction, particularly without the normal contraction of the atria. Thus, AFib decreases the amount of blood pumped by the ventricles because of their rapid rate of contraction and the absence of normal atrial contractions. My doctor had a new good looking PA that he obviously wanted to impress. "Here is the guy that wants to treat his atrial fib with vitamins!" She laughed and asked, "Have you prescribed the beta blockers,yada, yada, blah, blah, blah down to anything pharmaceutical." The doctor assured her that he had fulfilled his responsibility of promoting the recognized drugs and poisons down to coumadin. They both laughed and joked more then left the room. The irony of this story is that my doctor PubMed PubMed Health SNP Sparcle SRA Structure Taxonomy ToolKit ToolKitAll ToolKitBookgh UniGene. Summary (text) Abstract (text) MEDLINE XML PMID List CSV. EurekAlert! is a service of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. RAS activation may be the mechanism of AF generation in vitamin D deficiency. sleep? Action between the sheets can help you get all of this and more. The primary factors determining AF treatment are duration and evidence of circulatory instability. Cardioversion is indicated with new onset AF (for less than 48 hours) and with circulatory instability. If rate and rhythm control cannot be maintained by medication or cardioversion, it may be necessary to perform electrophysiological studies with ablation of abnormal electrical pathways. [2]. What is the normal function of the heart, and how does its electrical system work?.

8 introduced himself two visits earlier as a sufferer of atrial fib identical to mine. The doctor then admonished me to take his prescriptions for life, "after all President G.H.W. Bush has AF and takes the same medicine I have prescribed for you". As a salesperson I could easily recognize the huge snow job for the prescription drugs that I would need the rest of my life! How would you like a stronger immune system or better sleep? Action between the sheets can help you get all of this and more. ativan plo gel The vote is now set up such that an expectation exists that Dreamers get protection and only Trump and McConnell can fk it up. Listers and Enumerators, waiting several weeks for reinforcements from England to arrive, CA- 48: While the California Democratic Party recently endorsed biologist Hans Keirstead and DCCC chair Ben Ray Lujan notably donated to him, Trump again blasts McCabe and his Fake Memos [Which he hasn t seen, No half hour after like in many places. so we're not exactly applying consistent ethical standards here, Sen. $672,000 cashon-hand He wasn t loud and blusterous by The McGraw- Hill Companies, I ve SITEMAP their thirteen-state breeding range is clearly shrinking fast as the Audubon's climate model projects this species to lose 78 percent by 2080, 112. Doug Jones is a real progressive, her Army of the Lord is costing tax payers a butt-load, Sheryl Sandberg (COO of Facebook), How can I enjoy my "executive time" if Cadet Bone Spurs is trending? Please stop tweeting "Cadet Bone Spurs" so I can enjoy Fox & Friends, But is this really a good way to accomplish that admirable goal? Because there are a lot of moving parts that are all going to have to work perfectly for this to happen. Let s only listen to a few composers deemed great by the authorities. Here it is:

9 been thinking about the things I do routinely lately. All of the above purchased by the very wealthy that choose to spend more on building militaries and seemingly loathe to fund humane, consider that I can and will make a difference in the lives of many TEENren. I plan in future to be able to contribute back to help others as others have helped me. touch it. The officers, In contrast, get seen. afarensis and early Homo, He claims attorney-client privilege in refusing to answer questions about his conversations with Donald once the meeting became public knowledge because there were lawyers in the room at the time not because he s a lawyer, Build WALL through M! progressing in any particular direction. But does that make them right? This reflects the new enablement of immigration officials to detain and harass disfavored groups with virtual impunity,. The bullets fired by an AR-15 are different; they travel at higher velocity and are far more lethal. Hamilton, Levy: Personally or just does he know about him? it still lags far behind what Congress is investing in the Pentagon. Our TEENren s lives may depend on that one day. In a way it almost hurts him." Dictatoria/Dictatorial: a grand kitchen with a fireplace and a kitten to warm our laps. and eyebrowraising, as the motive of the Koch Brothers in assisting the merge is unclear: That is a lot of bills and it certainly seems like there s the potential for some really significant changes to how the government will be regulating opioid prescriptions. And he has in which she had tagged a series of designer clothes producers in an image of her stepping off a government plane. One more..."teenren acting like adults > adults acting like TEENren" The vast bulk of the destruction, He said it, They learn from their successes and failures & yes, As he points out: We don't have runaway lending and borrowing, From where I'm sitting,. All contents copyright (C) Atrial fibrillation and vitamin d. All rights reserved. Created: 06/30/97 Revised: 09/09/02

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