NMR Based Screening Tool for Quality Control of Botanicals. Kim Colson Bruker BioSpin

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1 NMR Based Screening Tool for Quality Control of Botanicals Kim Colson Bruker BioSpin Billerica, MA, USA 2011 AOAC-Europe

Global Supply Chain and Issues AHPA news (week of May 1) Use of Herbal Supplements by Infants FDA Rule Could Rock Supplement Industry Ethos Environmental, Inc.

2 Global Supply Chain and Issues AHPA news (week of May 1) Use of Herbal Supplements by Infants FDA Rule Could Rock Supplement Industry Ethos Environmental, Inc. Issues a Voluntary Recall of Specific Lots Of The Dietary Supplement Regenerect (FDA) Optimal Processing of Dong Quai May Improve Biological Activity Assessment and validation of Quality & Quantity is essential

3 Global Supply Chain and Issues Ideal Analytical Tool: Reproducible (site to site, country to country) Targeted AND Non-Targeted Qualitative Quantitative Compound Specific NMR is well suited Rapid Affordable

4 Characteristic NMR Fingerprint Ginseng Blueberry Plant BBIO Method Crude Extract Grind leaf or fruit 95% ETOH Lyophilize sample Sample Prep (5 min) Dissolve 25mg* in dmso-d6 Vortex Transfer to NMR tube NMR (~12 min) Noesy1d 2D Jres Grapeseed Analysis Manual (~10 minutes) Automated (seconds) * Also possible on much less material

5 Characteristic NMR Fingerprint What can we do with this? Ginseng Blueberry Plant Grapeseed

Vaccinium Plants 1D Noesy angustifolium myrtilloides

6 Species Identification by NMR Collaborators: Thor Arnason s Group, Ottawa; Alain Cuerrier - MBG PC(1,2,3) Various Vaccinium Plants 1D Noesy angustifolium myrtilloides cormybosum macrocarpon boreale myrtillus ovalifolium uliginosum

7 Species and Origin Information Collaborators: Thor Arnason s Group, Ottawa; Alain Cuerrier - MBG PC(1,2,3) Various Vaccinium Plants angustifolium myrtilloides cormybosum macrocarpon Detection of Regional Differences Clearly noted in Vaccinium Farm Specific Example: Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) 5 Landraces Ottawa, CA ~10 mile distance 25 samples each boreale Massachusetts myrtillus Canada ovalifolium uliginosum

8 Species and Origin Information Collaborators: Thor Arnason s Group, Ottawa; Alain Cuerrier - MBG PC(1,2,3) Various Vaccinium Plants Confusion Matrix American Ginseng Landraces angustifolium myrtilloides cormybosum macrocarpon boreale myrtillus ovalifolium uliginosum

distinguish: American Ginseng Landraces Species Growing location angustifolium Cultivar

9 Species and Origin Information Collaborators: Thor Arnason s Group, Ottawa; Alain Cuerrier - MBG PC(1,2,3) Models can Various be generated Vaccinium from PlantsNMR data Confusion to Matrix distinguish: American Ginseng Landraces Species Growing location angustifolium Cultivar myrtilloides cormybosum Health Status (?)* studies in progress macrocarpon boreale myrtillus ovalifolium uliginosum

Chlorogenic acid Spectral Database A) 40 Mesh Wiley Mill B) 2x 95%

10 Single Lab Validation (AOAC): Method of Blueberry Leaf Extract (BBE) 1) Quantitative 2) Qualitative Blueberry Leaf Extract Chlorogenic acid Spectral Database A) 40 Mesh Wiley Mill B) 2x 95% Ethanol C) Lyophilize D) DMSO-d6 10 min Black = blueberry Blue = cranberry 10

11 SLV: Qualification of Blueberry Leaf Extract Normal Low [] Mesh 20 Pulse Program < 1 Fits Model BBE, 600 MHz, NOESY Model Variants: NOESY, ZGPR Bin, Region Pareto, Unit SIMCA, LDA, KNN, Trees, SVM Field Model Normal Mesh 20 EtOH : Leaf Ratio

12 SLV: Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid Chlorogenic Acid Titration Curve Conc [mm] y(x)=ax a=5.4779e+007 R= (lin) Area by NMR Scale Residuals 5-Digit Digit

13 SLV: Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid Chlorogenic Acid Titration Curve Calibrated NMR Spectrometer Single point calibration Does not require daily calibration (only when instrumentation /software changes) Automated calibration available Conc [mm] Area by NMR y(x)=ax a=5.4779e+007 R= (lin) Scale Residuals 5-Digit Digit Apply PULCON: Wider & Dreier, JACS, 128(8) (2006) 7.53 to mm calculate 0.77 concentrations mm Measure metabolite directly from crude extract spectrum 13

14 Quantification of Chlorogenic Acid from Crude Extract 1. Underground removal tool 2. SBASE Match 3. Quantification via integration (region or linefit) BBE LOD = 0.005mM LOQ = 0.013mM 600MHz NMR CryoProbe system 9 min expt mm Hyperoside Chlorogenic Acid 7.53 mm 14

15 Youden Ruggedness Trial Testing the Method <1 is Rugged MHz vs. 400 MHz 2. NMR Tube Quality 7. Mesh Size (Also EtOH:Leaf) 3. Different concentration 4. Different gravimetric balance # Different pulse sequence 6. Different days # # # # # Chlorogenic Acid BBE Delta < 2% <0.15mM mm

16 Lot Variation Example: Kava Kava Extract Chem. Shift (ppm) Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample mM 2.74mM 8.28mM min experiment, 600MHz, Collaboration with Chris Okunji, Gaia Herbs 9/29/

17 Accuracy of Quantification by NMR Considerations for Reducing Error in Quantification SOPs Sample Prep Parameter Set (baseline) Field Strength (S/N) Probe (S/N, baseline) Instrument stability Method of integration (Region or Linefit) Room stability

18 Accuracy of Quantification by NMR Dependent on S/N Two Probes Compared in Automation: 400MHz, BBO RT probe, 8 scans S/N >250:1, noesy1d expt 400MHz, QNP CryoProbe, 8 scans SN >1500:1, noesy1d expt Error Automation (Acquisition and Analysis) Manual Analysis Reference Std PULCON (region) PULCON (region) LINEFIT LINEFIT Unknown Region LINEFIT LINEFIT LINEFIT 400MHz BBO Error 400MHz QNP Error 8% 4-5% 2-3% 0.7% 2% <1% <0.2% <0.1%

19 NMR Reproducibility : Multilab Validation 12 Participants 10 Probe Types 4 Software Versions 9 Locations 4 Field Strengths 4 Console Vintages 1) U Ottawa 2) U. PEI 3) NRC, Halifax 4) Bruker #1 12) UIC 5) Bruker #2 6) PSU 11) Sequoia 7) NCI 10)U Miss, Oxford 8 and 9) DMRI (x2) 19

20 NMR Reproducibility Overlapping spectra: 5 replicates each from 2 different sites, 2 different operators 9/29/

21 Multilab Validation: Qualification Quantile Plot of BBE Heat map of components Identifies compounds outside of norm Rapidly classifies materials Black=unknown Matches BBE 9/29/

Multilab Validation: Qualification Blueberry Leaf Classification Model Development: 167 Blueberry leaf extracts (Canada, EU) SIMCA classification, 16-0.

22 Multilab Validation: Qualification Blueberry Leaf Classification Model Development: 167 Blueberry leaf extracts (Canada, EU) SIMCA classification, ppm, 0.005ppm binning Vouchers: J. Arnason, U. Ottawa, Canada Test Conducted 6 BBE samples by each participant Various probes, field strengths 9/29/

23 Multilab Validation: Quantification Chlorogenic Acid from Crude Extract: 9/29/

Assure Raw Material Screening TM Fully Automated Screening Tool Assure Raw Material Screening Category Conc. (mm) Status Match Main Component 55.4 Additive 3.

24 Assure Raw Material Screening TM Fully Automated Screening Tool Assure Raw Material Screening Category Conc. (mm) Status Match Main Component 55.4 Additive 3.9 Unknown - PASS Total Integral Accounting used to find unexpected materials Compound Conc. (mm) Status Niacin 55.4 quantified Additive quantified DMSO 38.5 quantified H2O quantified DSS 3.5 quantified

25 Absolute Quantification from B-complex Assure Raw Material Screening Tablet 2 Tablet 1 Vitamin Tablet 1 Tablet 2 Absolute Concentration 5.37 mmol/l mmol/l Niacin

26 Ethos Environmental, Inc. Issues a Voluntary Recall of Regenerect Recalled Lot Not Recalled 9/29/

Summary NMR Single point long-standing calibration Information rich & compound specific Minimal sample preparation, fast data acquisition (10 min) Easily automated, affordable BBE identification is a

27 Summary NMR Single point long-standing calibration Information rich & compound specific Minimal sample preparation, fast data acquisition (10 min) Easily automated, affordable BBE identification is a combination of profile (distribution of all metabolites) and quantification threshold of known metabolites NMR flexibility non-standardized configuration: Operator Probe Field strength Software* Vintage* What is this stuff? 27

28 Acknowledgements Jon Ferrier, Kristina McIntyre, Asim Muhammed*, John Arnason - University of Ottawa Alain Cuerrier Montreal Botanical Garden Cathy Neto, Eleni Yiantsisis UMASS Dartmouth Fabrice Berrue*, Chris Kirby - Prince Edward Island Ian Burton*, Tobias Karakach - NRC, Halifax Bruker Jiangping Zhao*, Ikhlas Khan Ole Miss Joshua Hicks* Kevin Knagge* - DMRI Sarah Luchsinger* Wendy Popplewell*, Kirk Gustafson NCI Christian Fischer Mark O Neil-Johnson* - Sequoia Brian Killday* Tanja Goedecke*, Guido Pauli UIC Pavel Kostikin* Wenbin Luo*, Alan Benesi Penn State University Brian Pereira*, UMass-Dartmouth * Multisite Validation Participant 28

www.bruker.com Kim.colson@bruker-biospin.

Analytical Developments for Identification and Authentication of Botanicals

Analytical Developments for Identification and Authentication of Botanicals James Harnly Food Composition and Methods Development Lab Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center Agricultural Research Service