INDEX. 1. General Introduction. 2. Chapter -1 Pharmacognosy. 3. Chapter - II Phytochemistry. 4. Chapter - III Trace Elemental studies

Size: px

Start display at page:

Download "INDEX. 1. General Introduction. 2. Chapter -1 Pharmacognosy. 3. Chapter - II Phytochemistry. 4. Chapter - III Trace Elemental studies"

Elfrieda Hodge
6 years ago
Views:

1 INDEX 1. General Introduction 2. Chapter -1 Pharmacognosy 3. Chapter - II Phytochemistry 4. Chapter - III Trace Elemental studies 5. Chapter - IV Antimicrobial Activity 6. Chapter - V Pharmacology 7. Summary 8. Annexure

2 Table of Content Table of Content. List of Tables List of Plates Abbreviations General Notes i vii ix x xiii General Introduction / Introduction 1 Introduction 1 Scope and Objectives of the Present Work 7 References 8 Chapter- I Pharmacognosy Introduction Introduction The Importance of pharmacognosy The need for standardization Review of Literature Past work on some important medicinal plants 19 Borreria ocymoides DC, Rubiaceae Past work on Pharmacognosy of medicinal plants Medicinal importance ofstephania Medicinal importance of Flueggea Medicinal importance of Flacourtia Medicinal uses of Ventilago 30 i

3 2.7 Past work on the medicinal plants of present investigation Scope of the Present Work Materials and Methods Collection of specimens Sectioning Photomicrographs Fluorescence analysis Quantitative determination Determination of total ash Determination of acid-insoluble ash Determination of water-soluble ash Determination of extractive values Result and Discussion Taxonomic details of Flueggea leucopyrus Willd. Mull. Arg Macroscopic characters Leaf Lamina Petiole Stem Old stem Taxonomic details of Flacourtia indica Macroscopic characters Leaf Midrib Lamina Venatiion 41 ii

4 5.2.6 Stomata Petiole Occurrence of crystals Stem Taxonomic details of Stephania wightii Dunn Macroscopic characters Leaf Lamina Epidermal cells and stomata Petiole Root-Tuber Vascular system Crystal distribution Taxonomic details of Ventilago maderaspatana Gaertn Macroscopic characters Leaf Midrib Venation Epidermal cells and stomata Petiole Stem Comparative Microscopic Characters Leaves Veins and vein-islets Petiole Stem 50 iii

5 5.5.5 Root Fluorescence analysis Physico-chemical character 51 References 1 53 Chapter -II Phytochemistry Introduction Introduction Review of literature Phytochemicals from Genus Stephania Phytochemicals from Flacourtia indica Phytochemicals from the genus Flueggea Phytochemicals from the genusventilago Materials and Methods Collection of plant materials Extraction Phytochemical analysis for the identification of functional groups Chromatographic studies Thin layer chromatography Paper chromatography Isolation and Characterization of phytochemical obtained from Stephania wightii Dunn. (Menispermaceae) Infra Red spectroscopy NMR spectroscopy: Mass Spectrometry Single crystal X-ray diffraction measurement Results and Discussion 113 iv

6 4.1 Phytochemical analysis Chromatography: Thin layer Chromatography Paper chromatography XRD Results Mass spectrometry 116 References 120 Chapter - III Trace Elemental studies Introduction Introduction Review of literature Materials and Methods Optical system used in Analyst 400 AA spectrometer Results and Discussion 136 References 138 Chapter- IV Antimicrobial Activity Introduction Introduction Review of Literature Materials and Methods Preparation of Extracts Microbial activity Preparation of discs Preparation of media 152 V

7 3.5 Kirby - Bauer disc diffusion method Result and Discussion Screening of antibacterial activity 154 References 160 Chapter- V Pharmacology Introduction Introduction Review of literature Materials and Methods Preparation of plant extracts Animals Chemicals Induction of experimental hepatotoxicity Bio Chemical Markers Result and discussion Biochemical Parameters Control group (Group I) Heplatotoxic control (Group II) Ethnolic extract treated group (Group III) Aqueous extract oistephania wightii treated group (Group IV) Positive control group 175 References 177 Summary 183 Annexure VI

1. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

1. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION The thesis entitled Phytochemical Investigation and Hepatoprotective Activity of Herbal Formulation. The herbal Formulation prepared from Caesalpinia bonduc L., Mangifera indica