Interseeding Prairie Forbs into Native Grass Stands
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1 Interseeding Prairie Forbs into Native Grass Stands Molly A. Tranel Habitat Evaluation Biologist
2 Justification Managers want more information about maintaining diversity in grasslands Forb rich grasslands provide food and structure for grassland birds Many older MNDNR grassland plantings didn t include forbs Techniques for effectively establishing forbs would be valuable to managers
3 Objectives Investigate effects of mowing and herbicide treatments on the establishment and persistence of forbs interseeded into established native grasslands Investigate effects of the various treatments on insect community abundance
4 Uniform native grass stands with little or no forbs Excludes wetlands Must be >10 acres 1 pilot site in 1 st yr 16 study sites in 2 nd yr Study Design
5
6 Site Preparation Pilot season on 1 site began in Fall sites were burned in Fall 2009 Broadcast frost seeded in Winter sites were burned Spring 2010 Seed was cold/moist stratified and interseeded after burn Treatments began Summer 2010 Photo by J. B. Bright
7 Treatments Mow: 4-6 in. ONCE when veg. is in. tall Mow: 4-6 in. TWICE when veg. is in. tall Grass herbicide 8 oz/acre in late Mayearly June Grass herbicide 16 oz/acre in late Mayearly June
8 Study site design Purple line = WMA Red line = site (or block) Black line = plots (1 of 4 treatments or control) Yellow lines = transects Blue circles = sampling frame
9 Study Sites Control Grass Herbicide Mow Each site received all treatments to account for variability between sites Each treatment was replicated twice at each site.
10 Seed Mix of 30 forb species Common Name Scientific Name Leadplant Amorpha canescens Black eyed Susan Rudbeckia hirta Maximilian Sunflower Helianthus maximilianii Yellow Coneflower Ratibida pinnata Golden Alexanders Zizia aurea Sky Blue Aster Aster oolentangiensis Canada Milk Vetch Astragalus canadensis Prairie Cinquefoil Potentilla arguta White Prairie Clover Dalea candida Purple Prairie Clover Dalea purpurea False Sunflower Heliopsis helianthoides Alumroot Heuchera richardsonii N. L. Purple Coneflower Echinacea angustifolia Prairie Blazingstar Liatris pycnostachya Common M ilkweed Asclepias syriaca Blue Vervain Verbena hastata Rough Blazingstar Liatris aspera New England Aster Aster novae-angliae Prairie Onion Allium stellatum Hoary Vervain Verbena stricta Heath Aster Aster ericoides Stiff Goldenrod Oligoneuron rigidum Culver's Root Veronicastrum virginicum Showy Tick Trefoil Desmodium canadense Wild Bergamot Monarda fistulosa Prairie Coreopsis Coreopsis palmata Partridge Pea Chamaechrista fasciculata Closed Bottle Gentain Gentiana andrewsii Heart Leaf G. Alexander Zizia aptera Brown Fox sedge Carex vulpinoidea
11 Vegetation Sampling Baseline Data collected Prior to treatments: V.O.R. (Robel et al. 1949) Litter depth % cover (Daubenmire 1959) Presence/absence
12 Preliminary Findings Control No treatment Herbicide High rate
13 Preliminary Findings
14 Preliminary Findings Results vary by site. Herbicide rates did suppress grass at most sites, especially those with sandy/poor soils. Herbicide treatments did not appear to suppress grass at some sites. Could be related to soils or cultivars Higher rates may be needed with richer soils.
15 Mean VOR - 5 Study Sites Visual Obstruction Reading (dm)
16 Pilot Site Early Data
17 Mean VOR - Pilot Site
18 Lessons Learned Take care of your weeds before you interseed! As vegetation gets taller, mean VORs get more variable. Will add additional sample points next year. Lots of site to site variation- need to have all treatments replicated at all sites. Use of grass selective herbicide will set native grasses back but not kill them. Applications in the control of RCG and use in seed production plots. The treatment plots created a mosaic of habitat for grassland nesting birds.
19 Beaver Falls Site Visit Vegetation survey was conducted Aug 2009 Canada/Giant goldenrod present in 77.5% of plots Switchgrass present in 75% of plots Sweet clover present in 72.5% of plots Swamp aster present in 25% of plots Smooth brome present in 52.5% of plots
20 Beaver Falls Site Visit Spring 2010 prior to study Post burn April 2010 Burned April 2010 Broadcast seeding April 2010
21 Special Thanks Biometricians: John Fieberg & John Giudice Interns: Jeff Swanson & Charity Kern Funding: MNDNR Labor: MNDNR & USFWS area wildlife managers, Jeff Zajac Randy Schindle, Genevive Brand, Kurt Haroldson, Dick Kimmel, & Eric Dunton
22 Questions?
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